scholarly journals THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG CYTOPLASMS OF TRITICUM AND AEGILOPS SPECIES. II. ON THE ORIGIN OF POLYPLOID WHEAT CYTOPLASMS AS SUGGESTED BY CHLOROPLAST DNA RESTRICTION FRAGMENT PATTERNS

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-171
Author(s):  
Koichiro Tsunewaki ◽  
Yasunari Ogihara
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Polyploid Wheat ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas

ABSTRACT In attempts to identify the phylogenetic donors of cytoplasm to Emmer-Dinkel and Timopheevi groups of wheat (Triticum), and the Aegilops kotschyi-Ae. variabilis complex, the restriction fragment patterns of chloroplast DNAs of representative species were compared with those of their putative diploid ancestors. The following seven restriction enzymes were used; BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, KpnI, PstI, SmaI and XhoI. The restriction fragment patterns of an Emmer and a Dinkel (common) wheat were identical with those of Ae. longissima, and different from those of Ae. aucheri, Ae. bicornis, Ae. searsii, Ae. sharonensis, Ae. speltoides, and T. urartu by 4 to 12 fragments. The restriction fragment patterns of a Timopheevi wheat were identical with those of Ae. aucheri, and different from those of all other diploids by four to nine fragments. The restriction fragment patterns of Ae. variabilis were identical to those of Ae. bicornis and Ae. searsii, and different from those of all other species. Thus, we have concluded that Ae. longissima, Ae. aucheri and Ae. bicornis (or Ae. searsii) were the cytoplasm donors to the Emmer-Dinkel and the Timopheevi groups, and the Ae. kotschyi-Ae. variabilis complex, respectively. A diphyletic origin of Emmer and Timopheevi groups is supported by the present results.

scholarly journals Chloroplast DNA Restriction Fragment Variation among Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) Taxa

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Harrison ◽  
James J. Luby ◽  
Glenn R. Furnier
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Phylogenetic Resolution ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Restriction fragment-length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) were used to study phylogenetic relationships among twenty-six Fragaria taxa and two closely related species, Potentilla fruticosa L. and Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke. Sixteen restriction enzymes and probes of the entire Nicotiana tabacum L. chloroplast genome revealed a very low level of variation among the Fragaria taxa, limiting phylogenetic resolution. However, Fragaria appears to be more closely related to Potentilla than Duchesnea. The diploid taxa, F. iinumae Makino, F. nilgerrensis Schlect. and F. vesca L. were the most divergent Fragaria taxa and F. iinumae appears to be the most ancestral taxon. Little variation was revealed within the economically important octoploid group of taxa, which gave rise to the cultivated strawberry, and no progenitor taxa to the octoploid group could be identified. The lack of variation in the chloroplast genome suggests that these Fragaria species may be of relatively recent evolutionary origin.

scholarly journals DNA Restriction Fragment Length Variability in the Genomes of Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Haghighi ◽  
J.F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Restriction fragment analyses of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were carried out on the principal cytoplasms of northern highbush cultivars and one representative of Vaccinium ashei Reade. Twenty-three restriction enzymes were used to identify variation and clarify mode of organelle inheritance. All species and genotypes displayed identical cpDNA fragment patterns, but high degrees of polymorphism were observed in the mitochondrial genomes. `Bluecrop' and `Jersey' did not appear to have `Rubel' cytoplasm as was previously believed. All hybrids contained maternal-type mtDNA.

CHLOROPLAST DNA VARIATION AND EVOLUTION IN PISUM: PATTERNS OF CHANGE AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-213
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D Palmer ◽  
Richard A Jorgensen ◽  
William F Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Variation ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Chloroplast Dnas ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT Variation in 30 chloroplast DNAs, representing 22 wild and cultivated accessions in the genus Pisum, was analyzed by comparing fragment patterns produced by 16 restriction endonucleases. Three types of mutations were detected. First, an inversion of between 2.2 kilobase pairs (kb) and 5.2 kb distinguished a population of P. humile from all other Pisum accessions examined. Second, deletions and insertions of between 50 and 1200 base pairs produced small restriction fragment length variations in four regions of the 120-kb chloroplast genome. Two of these regions—one of which is located within the sequence that is inverted in P. humile—showed a high degree of size polymorphism, to the extent that size differences were detected between individuals from the same accession. Finally, a total of only 11 restriction site mutations were detected among the 165 restriction sites sampled in the 30 DNAs. Based on these results and previous data, we conclude that the chloroplast genome is evolving very slowly relative to nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs. The Pisum chloroplast DNA restriction site mutations define two major lineages: One includes all tested accessions of P. fulvum, which is known to be cytogenetically quite distinct from all other Pisum taxa. The second includes 12 of 13 cultivated lines of the garden pea (P. sativum) and a wild population of P. humile from northern Israel. These observations strongly reinforce an earlier conclusion that the cultivated pea was domesticated primarily from northern populations of P. humile. A 13th P. sativum cultivar has a chloroplast genome that is significantly different from those of the aforementioned lines and somewhat more similar to those of P. elatius and southern populations of P. humile. This observation indicates that secondary hybridization may have occurred during the domestication of the garden pea.

AMPLIFIED RIBOSOMAL DNA RESTRICTION ANALYSIS (ARDRA) BAKTERI DENGAN POTENSI ANTIMIKROB YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN SPONS Jaspis sp.

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermawaty Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Dna Restriction

<p><em>Sponges</em><em> are one of the components that compose coral reef which have a potential bioactive substance that has not been utilized. Sponges are generally able to survive in marine waters were nutrients are poor because of associations with other organisms, especially bacteria. This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteria (endosymbiont and ectosimbion) that produce antimicrobial compounds, and analyze genetic diversity based on Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA). The results of isolation obtained 138 bacterial isolates, which are 70 endofit isolates and 68 surfaces isolates respectively. The results obtained, based on antimicrobial test, was 32 bacterial isolates (45.71%) of the total bacterial isolates that have endofit antimicrobial activity, whereas on the surface bacteria, 20 bacterial isolates (29.41%) of the total surface of the bacterial isolates also have antimicrobial activity. Genetic diversity was carried out on 30 isolates that has the best antimicrobial activity. Amply</em><em>fi</em><em>cation of 16S rRNA gene is done using specific primers, 63f and 1387r. The profile of 16S rRNA gene band shows a </em><em>high </em><em>diversity, which is generated after cutting with three restriction enzymes </em><em>i.e.</em><em> </em><em>RsaI</em><em>, HaeIII and HinfI. The three restriction enzymes have different cuts and properties. Construction of phylogenetic trees based on analysis of Amplified Ribosomal DNA restriction, grouped 30 isolates from the sponge Jaspis sp. which have a microbial activity on seven filotipe. This grouping is based on the similarities cuts of sites of each isolate after restriction by three different restriction enzymes.</em></p>

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Chloroplast DNA From Six Species of Eucalyptus

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Steane ◽  
AK West ◽  
BM Potts ◽  
JR Ovenden ◽  
JB Reid
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Taxonomic Distance ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Chloroplast DNA was extracted from six species of Eucalyptus (E. perriniana, E. nitens, E. ovata, E. regnans, E. amygdalina and E. risdonii). Digests with four restriction enzymes (Hind III, Xho I, Nco I and Eco RV) revealed restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) between subgenera, between species and within species. However, no variation in fragment pattern was detected with Sac II or Pst I. The subgenera Monocalyptus and Symphyomyrtus were clearly differentiated by their RFLP patterns where, with the exception of one outlying specimen of E. amygdalina, 45% of all polymorphic fragments were specific to one or other subgenus. While species from different subgenera and series were well differentiated, it was more difficult to differentiate species within series with the low sample sizes used. However, the average net divergence between species increased with increasing taxonomic distance between species, from 0.02% within series and 0.20% between species from different series within subgenera, to 0.99% of nucleotides per nucleotide site for species from different subgenera. Based on Eco RV digests, the eucalypt chloroplast genome was estimated at 143 kb.

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