scholarly journals Two tests of Y chromosomal variation in male fertility of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Clark
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Qualitative Behavior ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Deficiency mapping with Y autosome translocations has shown that the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster carries genes that are essential to male fertility. While the qualitative behavior of these lesions provides important insight into the physiological importance of the Y chromosome, quantitative variation in effects on male fertility among extant Y chromosomes in natural populations may have a significant effect on the evolution of the Y chromosome. Here a series of 36 Y chromosome replacement lines were tested in two ways designed to detect subtle variation in effects on male fertility and total male fitness. The first test involved crossing males from the 36 lines to an excess of females in an attempt to measure differences in male mating success (virility) and male fecundity. The second test challenged males bearing each of the 36 Y chromosomes to competition in populations with males bearing a standard, phenotypically marked (BsY) chromosome. These tests indicated that the Y chromosome lines did not differ significantly in either male fertility or total fitness, but that interactions with autosomes approached significance. A deterministic population genetic model was developed allowing Y autosome interaction in fertility, and it is shown that, consistent with the experimental observations, this model cannot protect Y-linked polymorphism.

scholarly journals Variation in Y Chromosome Segregation in Natural Populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Andrew G Clark
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Functional Variation ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Geographic Origins

ABSTRACT Functional variation among Y chromosomes in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster was assayed by a segregation study. A total of 36 Y chromosomes was extracted and ten generations of replacement backcrossing yielded stocks with Y chromosomes in two different genetic backgrounds. Eleven of the Y chromosomes were from diverse geographic origins, and the remaining 25 were from locally captured flies. Segregation of sexes in adult offspring was scored for the four possible crosses among the two backgrounds with each Y chromosome. Although the design confounds meiotic drive and effects on viability, statistical partitioning of these effects reveals significant variation among lines in Y chromosome segregation. Results are discussed in regards to models of Y-linked segregation and viability effects, which suggest that Y-linked adaptive polymorphism is unlikely.

Y CHROMOSOME HYPERPLOIDY AND MALE FERTILITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Williamson ◽  
Eva Meidinger
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Y Chromosomes

Drosophila melanogaster males with two supernumerary Y chromosomes, i.e. triplo-Y males, are completely sterile. Their mating behavior is normal, and spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis appear normal, but no sperm are transferred. Most, if not all, of the detrimental effects of a third Y chromosome on male fertility are attributable to the long arm of the Y chromosome.

scholarly journals Reciprocal recombination and the evolution of the ribosomal gene family of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Williams ◽  
J A Kennison ◽  
L G Robbins ◽  
C Strobeck
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Reciprocal Recombination ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Length Polymorphisms

Abstract The role of reciprocal recombination in the coevolution of the ribosomal RNA gene family on the X and Y chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster was assessed by determining the frequency and nature of such exchange. In order to detect exchange events within the ribosomal RNA gene family, both flanking markers and restriction fragment length polymorphisms within the tandemly repeated gene family were used. The vast majority of crossovers between flanking markers were within the ribosomal RNA gene region, indicating that this region is a hotspot for heterochromatic recombination. The frequency of crossovers within the ribosomal RNA gene region was approximately 10(-4) in both X/X and X/Y individuals. In conjunction with published X chromosome-specific and Y chromosome-specific sequences and restriction patterns, the data indicate that reciprocal recombination alone cannot be responsible for the observed variation in natural populations.

Multigene Family of Ribosomal DNA in Drosophila melanogaster Reveals Contrasting Patterns of Homogenization for IGS and ITS Spacer Regions: A Possible Mechanism to Resolve This Paradox

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Polanco ◽  
Ana I González ◽  
Álvaro de la Fuente ◽  
Gabriel A Dover
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Concerted Evolution ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Mutation Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Exchanges

Abstract The multigene family of rDNA in Drosophila reveals high levels of within-species homogeneity and between-species diversity. This pattern of mutation distribution is known as concerted evolution and is considered to be due to a variety of genomic mechanisms of turnover (e.g., unequal crossing over and gene conversion) that underpin the process of molecular drive. The dynamics of spread of mutant repeats through a gene family, and ultimately through a sexual population, depends on the differences in rates of turnover within and between chromosomes. Our extensive molecular analysis of the intergenic spacer (IGS) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) spacer regions within repetitive rDNA units, drawn from the same individuals in 10 natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster collected along a latitudinal cline on the east coast of Australia, indicates a relatively fast rate of X-Y and X-X interchromosomal exchanges of IGS length variants in agreement with a multilineage model of homogenization. In contrast, an X chromosome-restricted 24-bp deletion in the ITS spacers is indicative of the absence of X-Y chromosome exchanges for this region that is part of the same repetitive rDNA units. Hence, a single lineage model of homogenization, coupled to drift and/or selection, seems to be responsible for ITS concerted evolution. A single-stranded exchange mechanism is proposed to resolve this paradox, based on the role of the IGS region in meiotic pairing between X and Y chromosomes in D. melanogaster.

scholarly journals A fertility region on the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a dynein microtubule motor

1993 ◽  
Vol 90 (23) ◽  
pp. 11132-11136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gepner ◽  
T S Hays
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Dynein Heavy Chain ◽  
Microtubule Motor ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A clone encoding a portion of the highly conserved ATP-binding domain of a dynein heavy-chain polypeptide was mapped to a region of the Drosophila melanogaster Y chromosome. Dyneins are large multisubunit enzymes that utilize the hydrolysis of ATP to move along microtubules. They were first identified as the motors that provide the force for flagellar and ciliary bending. Seven different dynein heavy-chain genes have been identified in D. melanogaster by PCR. In the present study, we demonstrate that one of the dynein genes, Dhc-Yh3, is located in Y chromosome region h3, which is contained within kl-5, a locus required for male fertility. The PCR clone derived from Dhc-Yh3 is 85% identical to the corresponding region of the beta heavy chain of sea urchin flagellar dynein but only 53% identical to a cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain from Drosophila. In situ hybridization to Drosophila testes shows Dhc-Yh3 is expressed in wild-type males but not in males missing the kl-5 region. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Y chromosome is needed for male fertility because it contains conventional genes that function during spermiogenesis.

scholarly journals The inbreeding decline and average dominance of genes affecting male life-history characters in Drosophila melanogaster

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life History ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Mating Ability ◽  
Deleterious Alleles ◽  
Male Life History

SummaryThis paper describes the results of assays of male life-history characters in a large outbred laboratory population of D. melanogaster. Lines of flies homozygous for the entire third chromosome and lines of flies carrying two different third chromosomes were assayed for agespecific male mating ability (MMA), age-specific survivorship, male fertility, and body mass. The results of these assays were used to calculate the inbreeding decline associated with each of these traits, the average dominance of deleterious alleles that affect the traits, the genotypic and environmental components of variance for the homozygous lines, and phenotypic and genotypic correlations among the characters. Significant inbreeding decline was found for all characters except the Gompertz intercept and fertility. Early and late MMA show larger effects of inbreeding than any other trait. The inbreeding load for MMA is about the same magnitude as that for egg-to-adult viability, but is substantially less than that associated with total fitness. The estimated inbreeding decline and average dominance of male life-history characters are comparable to estimates for other Drosophila fitness components.

scholarly journals THE GENETIC AND CYTOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE Y CHROMOSOME OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-548
Author(s):  
James A Kennison
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Hoechst 33258 ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Translocation Breakpoints

ABSTRACT Cytological and genetic analyses of 121 translocations between the Y chromosome and the centric heterochromatin of the X chromosome have been used to define and localize six regions on the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster necessary for male fertility. These regions are associated with nonfluorescent blocks of the Y chromosome, as revealed using Hoechst 33258 or quinacrine staining. Each region appears to contain but one functional unit, as defined by failure of complementation among translocations with breakpoints within the same block. The distribution of translocation breakpoints examined appears to be nonrandom, in that breaks occur preferentially in the nonfluorescent blocks and not in the large fluorescent blocks.

scholarly journals Extreme Y chromosome polymorphism corresponds to five male reproductive morphs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A Sandkam ◽  
Pedro Almeida ◽  
Iulia Darolti ◽  
Benjamin Furman ◽  
Wouter van der Bijl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Adaptive Diversity

AbstractSex chromosomes form once recombination is halted between the X and Y chromosomes. This loss of recombination quickly depletes Y chromosomes of functional content and genetic variation, which is thought to severely limit their potential to generate adaptive diversity. We examined Y diversity in Poecilia parae, where males occur as one of five discrete morphs, all of which shoal together in natural populations where morph frequency has been stable for over 50 years. Each morph utilizes different complex reproductive strategies, and differ dramatically from each other in color, body size, and mating behavior. Remarkably, morph phenotype is passed perfectly from father to son, indicating there are five Y haplotypes segregating in the species, each of which encodes the complex male morph characteristics. Using linked-read sequencing on multiple P. parae females and males of all five morphs from natural populations, we found that the genetic architecture of the male morphs evolved on the Y chromosome long after recombination suppression had occurred with the X. Comparing Y chromosomes between each of the morphs revealed that although the Ys of the three minor morphs that differ predominantly in color are highly similar, there are substantial amounts of unique genetic material and divergence between the Ys of the three major morphs that differ in reproductive strategy, body size and mating behavior. Taken together, our results reveal the extraordinary ability of evolution to overcome the constraints of recombination loss to generate extreme diversity resulting in five discrete Y chromosomes that control complex reproductive strategies.Significance StatementThe loss of recombination on the Y chromosome is thought to limit the adaptive potential of this unique genomic region. Despite this, we describe an extraordinary case of Y chromosome adaptation in Poecilia parae. This species contains five co-occurring male morphs, all of which are Y-linked, and which differ in reproductive strategy, body size, coloration, and mating behavior. The five Y-linked male morphs of P. parae evolved after recombination was halted on the Y, resulting in five unique Y chromosomes within one species. Our results reveal the surprising magnitude to which non-recombining regions can generate adaptive diversity and have important implications for the evolution of sex chromosomes and the genetic control of sex-linked diversity.

scholarly journals MALE-STERILIZING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DUPLICATIONS AND DEFICIENCIES FOR PROXIMAL X-CHROMOSOME MATERIAL IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Rezaur Rahman ◽  
Dan L Lindsley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Material

ABSTRACT The genetic limits of sixty-four deficiencies in the vicinity of the euchromatic-heterochromatic junction of the X chromosome were mapped with respect to a number of proximal recessive lethal mutations. They were also tested for male fertility in combination with three Y chromosomes carrying different amounts of proximal X-chromosome-derived material (BSYy+, y+Ymal126 and y  +  Ymal  +). All deficiencies that did not include the locus of bb and a few that did were male-fertile in all male-viable Df(1)/Dp(1;Y) combinations. Nineteen bb deficiencies fell into six different classes by virtue of their male-fertility phenotypes when combined with the duplicated Y chromosomes. The six categories of deficiencies are consistent with a formalism that invokes three factors or regions at the base of the X, one distal and two proximal to bb, which bind a substance critical for precocious inactivation of the X chromosome in the primary spermatocyte. Free duplications carrying these regions or factors compete for the substance in such a way that, in the presence of such duplications, proximally deficient X chromosomes are unable to command sufficient substance for proper control of X-chromosome gene activity preparatory to spermatogenesis. We conclude that there is no single factor at the base of the X that is required for the fertility of males whose genotype is otherwise normal.

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