scholarly journals RFLP mapping of genes conferring complete and partial resistance to blast in a durably resistant rice cultivar.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 1421-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Wang ◽  
D J Mackill ◽  
J M Bonman ◽  
S R McCouch ◽  
M C Champoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Qualitative Resistance ◽  
Ri Lines

Abstract Moroberekan, a japonica rice cultivar with durable resistance to blast disease in Asia, was crossed to the highly susceptible indica cultivar, CO39, and 281 F7 recombinant inbred (RI) lines were produced by single seed descent. The population was evaluated for blast resistance in the greenhouse and the field, and was analyzed with 127 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Two dominant loci associated with qualitative resistance to five isolates of the fungus were tentatively named Pi-5(t) and Pi-7(t). They were mapped on chromosomes 4 and 11, respectively. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting partial resistance, RI lines were inoculated with isolate PO6-6 of Pyricularia oryzae in polycyclic tests. Ten chromosomal segments were found to be associated with effects on lesion number (P < 0.0001 and LOD > 6.0). Three of the markers associated with QTLs for partial resistance had been reported to be linked to complete blast resistance in previous studies. QTLs identified in greenhouse tests were good predictors of blast resistance at two field sites. This study illustrates the usefulness of RI lines for mapping a complex trait such as blast resistance and suggests that durable resistance in the traditional variety, Moroberekan, involves a complex of genes associated with both partial and complete resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular Mapping of the Blast Resistance Loci in the Durable Resistance Japonica Rice Cultivar, Palgong

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Man-Kee Baek ◽  
Young-Chan Cho ◽  
Hyun-Su Park ◽  
Jong-Min Jeong ◽  
Woo-Jae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Japonica Rice

scholarly journals Effects of Pyramiding Quantitative Resistance Genes pi21, Pi34, and Pi35 on Rice Leaf Blast Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 904-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuko Yasuda ◽  
Takayuki Mitsunaga ◽  
Keiko Hayashi ◽  
Shinzo Koizumi ◽  
Yoshikatsu Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Gene Combination ◽  
Blast Resistance Genes

Development of resistant cultivars has been an effective method for controlling rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. Quantitative blast resistance genes may offer durable resistance because the selection pressure on M. oryzae to overcome resistance is low as a result of the genes’ moderate susceptibility. Because the effects of individual resistance genes are relatively small, pyramiding these genes in rice cultivars is a promising strategy. Here, we used near-isogenic and backcross lines of rice cultivar Koshihikari with single- or two-gene combinations of blast resistance genes (pi21, Pi34, and Pi35) to evaluate the suppression of leaf blast. The severity of the disease was assessed throughout the infection process. Resistance varied among the lines: Pi35 conferred the strongest resistance, while Pi34 showed the weakest effects. Two types of combined-gene interactions were observed, and they varied on the basis of gene combination and characteristic of the infection: (i) the combination of two resistance genes was more effective than either of the genes individually or (ii) the combination of two resistance genes was similar to the level of the most effective resistance gene in the pair. The most effective gene combination for the suppression of leaf blast was pi21 + Pi35.

scholarly journals Level of Endogenous Jasmonate is Critical for Durable Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance Against Rice Blast in a Japonica Rice Variety, Ziyu44

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu An ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jinlu Li ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Qianchun Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance

Abstract Background: The molecular mechanism of durable and broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast disease in japonica rice variety is still very little known. Ziyu44, a local japonica rice variety in Yunnan Province of China, has shown durable broad-spectrum blast resistance for more than 30 years, and provides an opportunity for us to explore the molecular basis of broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast in japonica rice variety.Methods and Results: We conducted a comparative study of mycelium growth, aposporium formation, the accumulation of salicylate(SA), jasmonate(JA) and H2O2, the expression of SA- and JA-associated genes between Ziyu44 and susceptible variety Jiangnanxiangnuo (JNXN) upon M. oryzae infection. We found that appressorium formation and invasive hyphae extention were greatly inhibited in Ziyu 44 leaves compared with that in JNXN leaves. Both Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants maintained high levels of baseline SA and did not show increased accumulation of SA after inoculation with M. oryzae, while the levels of baseline JA in Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants were relatively low, and the accumulation of JA exhibited markedly increased in Ziyu 44 plants upon M. oryzae infection. The expression levels of key genes involving JA and SA signaling pathway OsCOI1b, OsNPR1, OsMPK6 as well as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes OsPR1a, OsPR1b and OsPBZ1, were markedly up-regulated in Ziyu44. Conclusions: The level of endogenous JA is critical for synchronous activation of SA and JA signaling pathway, up-regulating PR gene expression and enhancing disease resistance against rice blast in Ziyu44.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF A MAJOR QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS CONFERRING RICE BLAST RESISTANCE USING RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sobrizal Sobrizal ◽  
Masdiar Bustamam ◽  
Carkum Carkum ◽  
Ahmad Warsun ◽  
Soeranto Human ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Resistant Gene ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Ri Lines ◽  
Major Qtl

Blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the limiting factors for rice production world wide. The use of resistant varieties for managing blast disease is considered as the most eco-friendly approaches. However, their resistances may be broken down within a few years due to the appearance of new virulent blast races in the field. The objective of the present study was to identify the quantitative trait locus (QTL) conferring resistance to blast disease using 126 recombinant inbred (RI) lines originated from a crossing of a durably resistant upland rice genotype (Laka) and a highly susceptible rice accession cultivar (Kencana Bali). The RI population was developed through a single seed descent method from 1997 to 2004. Resistance of the RI lines was evaluated for blast in an endemic area of Sukabumi, West Java, in 2005. Disease intensity of the blast was examined following the standard evaluation system developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). At the same year the RI lines were analyzed with 134 DNA markers. Results of the study showed that one major QTL was found to be associated with blast resistance, and this QTL was located near RM2136 marker on the long arm of chromosome 11. This QTL explained 87% of the phenotypic variation with 37% additive effect. The map position of this QTL differed from that of a partial resistant gene, Pi34, identified previously on chromosome 11 in the Japanese durably resistant variety, Chubu 32. The QTL, however, was almost at the same position as that of the multiple allele-resistant gene, Pik. Therefore, an allelic test should be conducted to clarify the allelic relationship between QTL identified in this study and the Pik. The RI lines are the permanent segregating population that could be very useful for analysing phenotypic variations of important agronomic traits possibly owned by the RI lines. The major QTL identified in this study could be used as a genetic resource in improvement of rice varieties for blast resistance in Indonesia

Investigating the biology of rice blast disease and prospects for durable resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 643-680
Author(s):  
Vincent M. Were ◽  
◽  
Nicholas J. Talbot ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Rice Blast Disease ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Major Resistance Genes ◽  
Effector Secretion

There are important biological process involved in rice blast disease that are now well-studied during the early events in plant infection which include: the cell biology of appressorium formation, the biology of invasive growth and effector secretion, the two distinct mechanisms of effector secretion, the nature of the plant-pathogen interface, PAMP-triggered immunity modulation by secreted effectors and effector-triggered immunity and blast resistance. The devastating losses caused by the blast fungus have been documented in most grasses, but this chapter discusses the use of major resistance genes to rice blast and wheat blast disease as an emerging threat to global food security. This chapter also highlights an emerging approach to breed for durable resistance to plant pathogens using gene editing technologies with an example: CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis of dominant S-genes for disease control.

scholarly journals Characterization and Genealogical Analysis of Panicle Blast Resistance in a RSV-resistant japonica Rice Cultivar Tsukinohikari and Related Cultivars.

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Fujii ◽  
Takamichi Tooyama ◽  
Naoki Sugiura ◽  
Norikuni Saka ◽  
Toshihiko Izawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Genealogical Analysis ◽  
Panicle Blast

scholarly journals A Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Rice Blast Resistance Genes and Quantitative Trait Loci Provides New Insights into Partial and Complete Resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 859-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Ballini ◽  
Jean-Benoît Morel ◽  
Gaétan Droc ◽  
Adam Price ◽  
Brigitte Courtois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Blast Resistance Genes

The completion of the genome sequences of both rice and Magnaporthe oryzae has strengthened the position of rice blast disease as a model to study plant–pathogen interactions in monocotyledons. Genetic studies of blast resistance in rice were established in Japan as early as 1917. Despite such long-term study, examples of cultivars with durable resistance are rare, partly due to our limited knowledge of resistance mechanisms. A rising number of blast resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been genetically described, and some have been characterized during the last 20 years. Using the rice genome sequence, can we now go a step further toward a better understanding of the genetics of blast resistance by combining all these results? Is such knowledge appropriate and sufficient to improve breeding for durable resistance? A review of bibliographic references identified 85 blast resistance genes and approximately 350 QTL, which we mapped on the rice genome. These data provide a useful update on blast resistance genes as well as new insights to help formulate hypotheses about the molecular function of blast QTL, with special emphasis on QTL for partial resistance. All these data are available from the OrygenesDB database.

scholarly journals Development of Sakon Nakhon Rice Variety for Blast Resistance through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawaporn Srichant ◽  
Sompong Chankaew ◽  
Tidarat Monkham ◽  
Petcharat Thammabenjapone ◽  
Jirawat Sanitchon
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Introgression Line ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Resistance Qtls

The Sakon Nakhon (SKN) rice cultivar is non-photosensitive, rich in aroma, and an excellent choice for cooking quality; which adapts well to both upland and lowland conditions. Furthermore, it has been adopted by Thailand’s sugarcane growers, as it has proved fit for an upland crop preceding the sugarcane cropping system. However, SKN is very susceptible to blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae. The purpose of this study was to breed SKN for blast resistance, using marker-assisted backcrossing, together with phenotypic selection. The breeding population was constructed by crossing the SKN (recurrent) with the RD6 introgression line (donor), which contained four blast resistant quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Franking microsatellite markers for blast resistance QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 11 and 12 were used for selection through BC2F2. Thirteen BC2F3 selected lines were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, and seven lines of BC2F4 were evaluated against blast, along with their agronomic traits, under field conditions (upland and lowland). SKN 39-10-19-29-12 and SKN 39-10-19-29-13 presented high resistance to leaf and neck blast; and were non-photosensitive, with the same agronomic traits as the SKN. This study successfully demonstrates the improvement of the recommended SKN variety blast resistance, while maintaining similar agronomic traits.

scholarly journals Development of blast resistant rice plants using CRISPR / Cas9 system for genome editing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Fabiano Touzdjian Pinheiro Kohlrausch Távora
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
World Population ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Short Period

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food crop for more than half of the world population but unfortunately, it is severely affected by blast, one of the most widespread and devastating plant diseases, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Hence, the development of rice cultivars with greater resistance to blast is one of the main focuses of breeding programs. However, due to the complex biology of the pathogen, rice cultivars genetically resistant to the fungus become susceptible in a short period of time. In this context, the knockout of rice susceptibility genes represents a flourishing approach to obtain rice cultivars with a broader and longer-lasting resistance to M. oryzae. The present study aimed to use the genomic editing technology - CRISPR/Cas9 system, for knocking-out genes engaged with rice susceptibility to fungal infection. From previous transcriptomics results of two semi-isogenic rice lines - NILs infected by M. oryzae, potential rice-blast susceptibility genes were selected. The prospection of candidate genes for gene editing was complemented by a comparative shotgun proteomic analysis of the protein profile of the interaction between IRBLi-F5 (susceptible) and IRBL5-M (resistant) NILs in early stages of M. oryzae infection, that revealed a specific set of proteins potentially associated with susceptibility. After the characterization and validation of gene expression by RT-qPCR of the most prominent candidates, the target genes OsDjA2, OsERF104 and OsPyl5 were selected and submitted to a functional validation via gene silencing in planta, using antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), in which a clear reduction of leaf symptoms was observed in the compatible identification. Subsequently, the model japonica rice variety Nipponbare was transformed with simplex CRISPR/Cas9 vectors aiming to the independent knockout of each target gene. The T1 progeny of rice-edited plants, homozygous for the null (loss of function)-mutation were tested for blast resistance. As expected, mutant plants showed a decrease of disease symptoms in comparison with control lines (transformant non-edited plants). The results obtained in this study can contribute for the development of rice cultivars resistant to blast disease, besides shedding light on new potential rice-blast susceptibility genes.

scholarly journals Cloning and Function Analysis of a Novel Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi65 in Japonica Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wang ◽  
Zuobin Ma ◽  
Houxiang Kang ◽  
Shuang Gu ◽  
Zhanna Mukhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Blast Disease ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Resistance Gene

Abstract Rice blast seriously threatens rice production worldwide. Utilizing the rice blast resistance gene to breed the rice blast resistant varieties is one of the best ways to control rice blast disease. Using a map-based cloning strategy, here, we cloned a novel rice blast resistance gene, Pi65 from the resistant variety GangYu129 (abbreviated GY129, O. sativa japonica ). Overexpression of Pi65 in the susceptible variety LiaoXing1 (abbreviated LX1, O. sativa japonica ) enhanced rice blast resistance, while knockout of Pi65 in GY129 resulted in susceptible to rice blast disease. Pi65 encodes two transmembrane domains, with 15 LRR domains and one serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic domain, conferring resistance to isolates of M. oryzae collected from northeast China. There are sixteen amino acids differences between the Pi65 resistance and susceptible alleles. Compared with the Pi65 resistant allele, the susceptible allele deleted one LRR domain. Pi65 was constitutively expressed in whole plants, and it could be induce expressed in the early stage of M. oryzae infection . Transcriptome analysis revealed that numerous genes associated with disease resistance were specifically upregulated in GY129 24-hour post inoculation (HPI), on the contrary, the photosynthesis-and carbohydrate metabolism-related genes were particularly downregulated 24 HPI, demonstrating that the disease resistance associated genes has been activated in GY129 (carrying Pi65 ) after rice blast fungal infection, and the cellular basal and energy metabolism was inhibited simultaneously. Our study provides genetic resources for improving rice blast resistance as well as enriches the study of rice blast resistance mechanisms.

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