scholarly journals An Analysis of Polygenes Affecting Wing Shape on Chromosome 3 in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 773-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Weber ◽  
Robert Eisman ◽  
Lisa Morey ◽  
April Patty ◽  
Joshua Sparks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Negative Interactions

AbstractLoci on the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster that affect an index of wing shape were mapped, using recombinant isogenic lines, with transposable elements as markers. Many genes with small subequal effects are dispersed along the whole chromosome. Their alleles act nearly additively in heterozygotes. They have small correlated effects on leg shape, but no detectable effects on halteres. Small negative net interactions occur over most of the chromosome. The data set of 519 recombinant isogenic lines can be explained reasonably well by two models. One model posits an indefinitely large number of loci with no interactions. The other model posits 11 loci with additive effects whose sum equals the total phenotypic range and with large positive and negative interactions that nearly cancel each other.

scholarly journals Genetics of Differences in Pheromonal Hydrocarbons Between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hydrocarbon Profile ◽  
The Right

Abstract Females of Drosophila melanogaster and its sibling species D. simulans have very different cuticular hydrocarbons, with the former bearing predominantly 7,11-heptacosadiene and the latter 7-tricosene. This difference contributes to reproductive isolation between the species. Genetic analysis shows that this difference maps to only the third chromosome, with the other three chromosomes having no apparent effect. The D. simulans alleles on the left arm of chromosome 3 are largely recessive, allowing us to search for the relevant regions using D. melanogaster deficiencies. At least four nonoverlapping regions of this arm have large effects on the hydrocarbon profile, implying that several genes on this arm are responsible for the species difference. Because the right arm of chromosome 3 also affects the hydrocarbon profile, a minimum of five genes appear to be involved. The large effect of the third chromosome on hydrocarbons has also been reported in the hybridization between D. simulans and its closer relative D. sechellia, implying either an evolutionaly convergence or the retention in D. sechllia of an ancestral sexual dimorphism.

An Analysis of Polygenes Affecting Wing Shape on Chromosome 2 inDrosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 1045-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Weber ◽  
Robert Eisman ◽  
Shawn Higgins ◽  
Lisa Morey ◽  
April Patty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
Small Additive

AbstractGenetic effects on an index of wing shape on chromosome 2 of Drosophila melanogaster were mapped using isogenic recombinants with transposable element markers. At least 10 genes with small additive effects are dispersed evenly along the chromosome. Many interactions exist, with only small net effects in homozygous recombinants and little effect on phenotypic variance. Heterozygous chromosome segments show almost no dominance. Pleiotropic effects on leg shape are only minor. At first view, wing shape genes form a rather homogeneous class, but certain complexities remain unresolved.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic Analysis of the Third Chromosome Heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-517
Author(s):  
Dmitry E Koryakov ◽  
Igor F Zhimulev ◽  
Patrizio Dimitri
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Essential Genes ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Cytogenetic Map ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Genetic Organization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Heterochromatic Genes ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Previous cytological analysis of heterochromatic rearrangements has yielded significant insight into the location and genetic organization of genes mapping to the heterochromatin of chromosomes X, Y, and 2 of Drosophila melanogaster. These studies have greatly facilitated our understanding of the genetic organization of heterochromatic genes. In contrast, the 12 essential genes known to exist within the mitotic heterochromatin of chromosome 3 have remained only imprecisely mapped. As a further step toward establishing a complete map of the heterochomatic genetic functions in Drosophila, we have characterized several rearrangements of chromosome 3 by using banding techniques at the level of mitotic chromosome. Most of the rearrangement breakpoints were located in the dull fluorescent regions h49, h51, and h58, suggesting that these regions correspond to heterochromatic hotspots for rearrangements. We were able to construct a detailed cytogenetic map of chromosome 3 heterochromatin that includes all of the known vital genes. At least 7 genes of the left arm (from l(3)80Fd to l(3)80Fj) map to segment h49–h51, while the most distal genes (from l(3)80Fa to l(3)80Fc) lie within the h47–h49 portion. The two right arm essential genes, l(3)81Fa and l(3)81Fb, are both located within the distal h58 segment. Intriguingly, a major part of chromosome 3 heterochromatin was found to be “empty,” in that it did not contain either known genes or known satellite DNAs.

scholarly journals VARIATION OF SPONTANEOUS OCCURRENCE RATES OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN THE SECOND CHROMOSOMES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209-1221
Author(s):  
Osamu Yamaguchi ◽  
Terumi Mukai
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Paracentric Inversions ◽  
Spontaneous Occurrence

ABSTRACT After accumulating mutations by the aid of marked inversions, spontaneous occurrence rates of chromosome aberrations were estimated for 1148 chromosome lines that originated from five stem line second chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. In chromosome lines originating from three stem chromosomes (CH, PQ, and RT), mutations were accumulated for 7550, 7252, and 7256 chromosome generations, respectively, but no structural change was detected. For the chromosome lines that originated from the other two stem chromosomes, the situation was different: Twenty aberrations (19 paracentric inversions and 1 translocation between the second and the third chromosomes) during 45990 chromosome generations took place in the 500 chromosome lines derived from stem line chromosome (AW), and 92 aberrations (83 paracentric inversions, 6 pericentric inversions, 2 translocations between the second and the third chromosomes and 1 transposition) arose during 45006 chromosome generations in the 500 chromosome lines derived from stem line chromosome (JH). For the AW group the occurrence rate becomes 0.00043 per chromosome per generation for all aberrations and 0.00041 for inversions. For the JH group the corresponding rates are 0.00204 and 0.00198, respectively.—A non-random distribution of the breakpoint on the salivary gland chromosome was observed and the breakpoints were concentrated in the regions 26, 29, 33, and 34.—The cytoplasms and the chromosomes (other than the second chromosomes) were made approximately uniform throughout the experiments. Thus, this remarkable variability in the occurrence rate is most probably due to the differences in one or more chromosomal elements on the original five stem chromosomes. The mutable chromosomes (AW and JH) appear to carry a kind of mutator factor such as hi (Ives 1950).

scholarly journals High resolution mapping of genetic factors affecting abdominal bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 1273-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D Long ◽  
S L Mullaney ◽  
L A Reid ◽  
J D Fry ◽  
C H Langley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Ri Lines

Abstract Factors responsible for selection response for abdominal bristle number and correlated responses in sternopleural bristle number were mapped to the X and third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Lines divergent for high and low abdominal bristle number were created by 25 generations of artificial selection from a large base population, with an intensity of 25 individuals of each sex selected from 100 individuals of each sex scored per generation. Isogenic chromosome substitution lines in which the high (H) X or third chromosome were placed in an isogenic low (L) background were derived from the selection lines and from the 93 recombinant isogenic (RI) HL X and 67 RI chromosome 3 lines constructed from them. Highly polymorphic neutral roo transposable elements were hybridized in situ to the polytene chromosomes of the RI lines to create a set of cytogenetic markers. These techniques yielded a dense map with an average spacing of 4 cM between informative markers. Factors affecting bristle number, and relative viability of the chromosome 3 RI lines, were mapped using a multiple regression interval mapping approach, conditioning on all markers > or = 10 cM from the tested interval. Two factors with large effects on abdominal bristle number were mapped on the X chromosome and five factors on the third chromosome. One factor with a large effect on sternopleural bristle number was mapped to the X and two were mapped to the third chromosome; all factors with sternopleural effects corresponded to those with effects on abdominal bristle number. Two of the chromosome 3 factors with large effects on abdominal bristle number were also associated with reduced viability. Significant sex-specific effects and epistatic interactions between mapped factors of the same order of magnitude as the additive effects were observed. All factors mapped to the approximate positions of likely candidate loci (ASC, bb, emc, h, mab, Dl and E(spl), previously characterized by mutations with large effects on bristle number.

scholarly journals On a Parasitic Drosophila from Trinidad

1918 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
C. G. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Normal Forms ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The material for this paper was forwarded to the author by Dr. Guy Marshall, of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, and was collected by Mr. C. B. Williams.The insects were said by him to be parasitic on a Cercopid of the genus Clastoptera, which was found attacking cacao trees. This highly unusual habit gives much interest to the species. Unfortunately the number of individuals sent was quite inadequate to enable one to deal satisfactorily with such small and obscure insects, especially as shrivelling takes place to a different extent in various individuals, which renders the provision of a reasonably large number more necessary than in more normal forms of fly. The individuals sent included three pinned ones of a species from Trinidad (West Indies), and one pinned one of a species from Panama, together with the fragments of two others of the latter species in spirit. In spite of the paucity of material, it was felt to be desirable to put on record as fair a description as could be made under the circumstances. Two of the individuals of the Trinidad species were of one sex, and the third was apparently the other sex of the same species. The two former had all the appearance of representing the male, having brighter eyes, darkened wings, and the general facies of that sex. The genitalia were small and hidden in a terminal hood, such as is found in Drosophila melanogaster and Leucophenga maculata, but it was smaller than in either of these, even than in the latter, in which the hood is only moderately open at the tip, while widely so in the former.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of the heterochromatin of chromosome 3 in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Products of compound-autosome detachment.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-517
Author(s):  
G E Marchant ◽  
D G Holm
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Complementation Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
The Third ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Abstract The heterochromatin of the third chromosome is the largest uncharacterized region of the Drosophila melanogaster genome, and the last major block of D. melanogaster heterochromatin to be thoroughly analyzed. In the present study, this region was genetically dissected by generating and analyzing a series of attached, detached and reattached third chromosomes. Separate detachment experiments were conducted for all 12 possible combinations of four newly synthesized sister-strand compound-3L and three newly synthesized sister-strand compound-3R chromosomes. A total of 443 recessive lethal detachment products carrying putative heterochromatic deficiencies were tested for complementation in a several-stage complementation analysis. The results revealed the presence of seven separable vital regions in the heterochromatin of chromosome 3. Attempts to reattach deficiency-carrying detachment products established that six of these vital regions are on the left arm, but only one is on the right arm. An analysis of the types and frequencies of detachment-product deficiencies generated in each detachment experiment permitted the genetic characterization of the progenitor compounds. It was also possible to determine the proximal-distal orientation of the genes on each arm, and to identify possible breakpoints for each lethal detachment product produced. The results of this study suggest that vital genes in the heterochromatin of the third chromosome are not randomly distributed between, nor within, the heterochromatic blocks of the left and right arms.

scholarly journals The cloning of the Bar region and the B breakpoint in Drosophila melanogaster: evidence for a transposon-induced rearrangement.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
S I Tsubota ◽  
D Rosenberg ◽  
H Szostak ◽  
D Rubin ◽  
P Schedl
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Recombination Event ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
The Other ◽  
P Element ◽  
Bar Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sequencing Data

Abstract We have cloned the B breakpoint in Drosophila melanogaster using DNA from a P-M-induced revertant of B, which has a P element inserted at the B breakpoint. The analysis of the B DNA reveals that there is a transposable element, B104, right at the breakpoint. This suggests that this element may have been involved in the generation of the B breakpoint and the associated tandem duplication. One possible mechanism to generate the B duplication is a recombination event between two B104 elements, one at 16A1 and the other at 16A7. DNA sequencing data of the junctions of the B104 element support this model. Four partial revertants of B are the result of insertions of transposable elements very close to the B breakpoint. This supports the hypothesis that the breakpoint is the cause of the B mutation. The clones from B were used to isolate wild-type clones from 16A1, the location of the Bar gene. Four rearrangement breakpoints associated with various Bar mutations map within a 37-kb region, suggesting that the Bar gene is very large.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM IN POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
Brian Charlesworth ◽  
Deborah Charlesworth
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Polymorphism ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Selective Control

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of a study of linkage disequilibrium between five polymorphic enzyme genes located on chromosome 3 of D. melamgaster. Three sets of chromosomes were examined: two represented samples from successive years of the same natural population, and one came from a large laboratory population. Out of the thirty possible tests for linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci, two were significant at the 5% level and two at the 1% level. This result cannot reasonably be ascribed to chance alone. The pairs of loci that had a significant correlation in one sample had higher than average correlations in the other samples (though not necessarily in the same direction); this effect was highly significant statistically. There was no tendency for the high correlations to be associated with tightness of linkage between the loci concerned. All five loci were involved in at least one significant effect. It was concluded that these results are difficult to explain on the neutral allele theory of protein polymorphism, but are consistent with the concept of selective control of allele frequencies.

scholarly journals Effects of E-genes and photoperiod duration on assimilation processes in isogenic lines of soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Yulia Yukhno ◽  
Vasyl Zhmurko
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Glycine Max L

The aim of the research. To reveal the patterns of genetic control of assimilation processes in isogenic by E-genes lines of soybean conditions of different photoperiod duration. Materials and methods. The plant material – 5 isolines of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Cv. Clark: short-day (SD) lines (genotypes E1E2E3, E1e2e3) and neutral-day (ND) lines (genotypes e1E2e3, e1e2E3, e1e2e3). From the third true leaf stage, one part of the plants was grown on a natural day (16 hours), and the other was exposed to a short day (9 hours). On the day of the start of the experiment, after 7 and 14 days, the dry weight of leaves and stems, the number and area of leaves were measured, based on which assimilation indices were calculated – RGR, NAR, LAR, SLA, LWR. Results. During the studied ontogenetic period (two weeks) in all isolines, regardless of the genotype by E-genes and the duration of the photoperiod, the assimilation processes increased. The RGR and NAR under the short day decreased in the first week and then increased in the second week of the experiment. The degree of change in the indices varied depending on the isoline genotype by E-genes. The LAR and LWR were lower under the short day in SD lines. These indices were the same in the ND lines under short and long day. Under the short photoperiod the SLA in SD lines was higher, and in ND lines it was practically the same for both photoperiods. Conclusions. The assimilation processes in the studied isogenic lines during the experience (two weeks) increase, but less intensively under short-day conditions. The studied lines, differed in the nature and intensity of assimilation processes, depending on the genotype by E-genes. Assimilation processes in the studied soybean lines are probably determined by the interaction of E-genes and the duration of the photoperiod, which is one of the important conditions for the adaptation of soybean to the environmental factors

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