Upper and Lower Limb Muscle Power Relationships in Mobility-Limited Older Adults

AbstractThe age-related decline in muscle function, particularly muscle power, is associated with increased risk of important clinical outcomes. Physical activity is an important determinant of muscle function, and different types of physical activity e.g. power-based versus endurance-based exercise appear to have differential effects on muscle power. Cross-sectional studies suggest that participation in power-based exercise is associated with greater muscle power across adulthood but this has not been investigated longitudinally. We recruited eighty-nine male and female power and endurance master athletes (sprint and distance runners respectively, baseline age 35–90y). Using jumping mechanography, we measured lower limb muscle function during a vertical jump including at least two testing sessions longitudinally over 4.5 ± 2.4y. We examined effects of time, discipline (power/endurance) and sex in addition to two- and three-way interactions using linear mixed-effects models. Peak relative power, relative force and jump height, but not Esslingen Fitness Index (indicating peak power relative to sex and age-matched reference data) declined with time. Peak power, force, height and EFI were greater in power than endurance athletes. There were no sex, discipline or sex*discipline interactions with time for any variable, suggesting that changes were similar over time for athletes of both sexes and disciplines. Advantages in lower limb muscle function in power athletes were maintained with time, in line with previous cross-sectional studies. These results suggest that improvements in lower limb function in less active older individuals following power-based training persist with continued adherence, although this requires further investigation in interventional studies.

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Plyo-Accentuated Eccentric Loading Methods to Enhance Lower Limb Muscle Power

Strength and Conditioning Journal ◽

10.1519/ssc.0000000000000635 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Matthew J. Handford ◽

Fernando Martín Rivera ◽

Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo ◽

Jonathan D. Hughes

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Muscle Power ◽

Lower Limb Muscle ◽

Limb Muscle ◽

Loading Methods

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Impact of exercise footwear features on middle-aged and older adults' lower limb muscle activity during gait

10.32657/10356/83292 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Vivek Monoharan

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Lower Limb Muscle ◽

Limb Muscle ◽

Middle Aged

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Correlation between cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost and lower-limb muscle activity during inclined treadmill gait in older adults

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02401-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jihye Kim ◽

Hwang-Jae Lee ◽

Su-Hyun Lee ◽

Jungsoo Lee ◽

Won Hyuk Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Muscle Activity ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Stance Phase ◽

Treadmill Walking ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Lower Limb Muscle ◽

Limb Muscle ◽

Increased Activity

Abstract Background Inclined walking requires more cardiopulmonary metabolic energy and muscle strength than flat-level walking. This study sought to investigate changes in lower-limb muscle activity and cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost during treadmill walking with different inclination grades and to discern any correlation between these two measures in older adults. Methods Twenty-four healthy older adults (n = 11 males; mean age: 75.3 ± 4.0 years) participated. All participants walked on a treadmill that was randomly inclined at 0% (condition 1), 10% (condition 2), and 16% (condition 3) for five minutes each. Simultaneous measurements of lower-limb muscle activity and cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost during inclined treadmill walking were collected. Measured muscles included the rectus abdominis (RA), erector spinae (ES), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), vastus medialis (VM), tibialis anterior (TA), medial head of the gastrocnemius (GCM), and soleus (SOL) muscles on the right side. Results As compared with 0% inclined treadmill gait, the 10% inclined treadmill gait increased the net cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost by 22.9%, while the 16% inclined treadmill gait increased the net cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost by 44.2%. In the stance phase, as the slope increased, activity was significantly increased in the RA, RF, VM, BF, GCM, and SOL muscles. In the swing phase, As the slope increased activity was significantly increased in the RA, RF, VM, BF, and TA muscles. SOL muscle activity was most relevant to the change in cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost in the stance phase of inclined treadmill walking. The relationship between the increase in cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost and changes in muscle activity was also significant in the VM, GCM, and RF. Conclusion This study demonstrated that changes in SOL, VM, GCM, and RA muscle activity had a significant relationship with cardiopulmonary metabolic energy cost increment during inclined treadmill walking. These results can be used as basic data for various gait-training programs and as an indicator in the development of assistive algorithms of wearable walking robots for older adults. Trial registration Clinical trials registration information: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04614857 (05/11/2020).

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Ambulatory Activity, Body Composition, and Lower-Limb Muscle Strength in Older Adults

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/mss.0b013e3181882c85 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 383-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

DAVID SCOTT ◽

LEIGH BLIZZARD ◽

JAMES FELL ◽

GRAEME JONES

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Lower Limb Muscle ◽

Limb Muscle ◽

Ambulatory Activity

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Short-Term Effects of Rolling Massage on Energy Cost of Running and Power of the Lower Limbs

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2018-0142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1337-1343 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nicola Giovanelli ◽

Filippo Vaccari ◽

Mirco Floreani ◽

Enrico Rejc ◽

Jasmine Copetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Muscle Power ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Lower Limb Muscle ◽

Limb Muscle ◽

Maximal Power ◽

Endurance Running ◽

Running Performance ◽

And Control

Purpose: Self-myofascial release (SMFR) is a type of self-massage that is becoming popular among athletes. However, SMFR’s effects on running performance have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SMFR on the cost of running (Cr). In addition, the authors evaluated the effects of SMFR on lower-limb muscle power. Methods: Cr and lower-limb muscle power during squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) were measured before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 3 h after (POST 3h) an SMFR protocol (experimental condition). In the control-condition testing session, the same measurements were performed without undergoing the SMFR protocol. Experimental and control conditions were tested in a randomized order. Results: Cr at POST trended to increase compared with PRE (+6.2% [8.3%], P = .052), whereas at POST 3h, Cr was restored to PRE values (+0.28% [9.5%], P = .950). In the experimental condition, no significant effect of time was observed for maximal power exerted during SJ. By contrast, maximal power exerted during CMJ at POST and at POST 3h was significantly higher than that observed at PRE (+7.9% [6.3%], P = .002 and +10.0% [8.7%], P = .004, respectively). The rate of force development measured during CMJ also increased after SMFR, reaching statistical significance at 200 ms from force onset at POST 3h (+38.9%, P = .024). Conclusions: An acute use of foam rollers for SMFR performed immediately prior to running may negatively affect endurance running performance, but its use should be added before explosive motor performances that include stretch-shortening cycles.

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