Prevalence of Dementia Among the Elderly in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background Over the last decades, life expectancy in Latin America and the Caribbean showed a rapid increase, which led to a significant increase in the number of people with dementia. Moreover, 9% of the population in this part of the world are aged 65 or older, and by 2050 this percentage is projected to at least double. For this reason, it is essential to estimate the prevalence of dementia in LAC countries with the aim to determine suitable actions to enhance the quality of life of those affected. Methods Database searches for articles were conducted September 2020 throughout Pubmed, Web of knowledge, Scopus, Lilacs, and SciELO. The inclusion criteria comprised population- or community-based studies, published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, reporting data on the prevalence of dementia collected in LAC countries. The complete data search retrieved 1719 non-duplicates. Results A total of 58 studies met the high-quality inclusion criteria, published 1991-2020, including participants in the following countries: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Ecuador, Trinidad and Tobago, and Jamaica. The most common form of dementia studied was Alzheimer’s disease with prevalence ranging from 5.9% to 23.4%. Estimates differed by age, gender, and education, with oldest, women, and lower-educated adults living in rural areas presenting higher dementia prevalence. Conclusion This is the first study giving a comprehensive overview of dementia prevalence in LAC countries, which is relevant to estimate care needs and economic costs related to dementia treatment and care.

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3 Estimating the Burden of Dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afab028.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i1-i6

Author(s):

Y Xiang ◽

K Chan ◽

I Rudan

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Middle Income ◽

Dementia Prevalence ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

The Future ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Policy And Planning

Abstract Background and Objectives Rapid increase in life expectancy has resulted in an increase in the global burden of dementia that is expected to become a leading cause of morbidity in the future. Low- and middle-income countries are expected to bear an increasing majority of the burden, but lack data for accurate burden estimates that are key for informing policy and planning. Bayesian methods have recently gained recognition over traditional frequentist approaches for modelling disease burden for their superiority in dealing with severely limited data. This study provides updated estimates of dementia prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) for the years 2015, 2020 and 2030. Given the paucity of data, estimates were developed using a Bayesian methodology and confirmed by the traditional frequentist approach, with the aim of providing methodological insights for future disease burden estimates. Methods A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant primary studies published between the years 2010–2018. The quality of the included studies was critically assessed. A random-effects model (REM) and a Bayesian normal-normal hierarchical model (NNHM) were used to obtain the pooled prevalence estimate of dementia for people aged 60 and above. The latter model was also developed to estimate age-specific dementia prevalence. Using UN population estimates, total and age-specific projections of the burden of dementia were calculated. Results The prevalence of dementia in LAC was found to be 14% (10–21%) in those above age 60 based on REM, and 8% (5–11.5%) based on NNHM. The prevalence increased from 2% (1–4%) in people aged 60–69 to 29% (20–37%) in people above the age of 80. The number of people living with dementia in LAC in 2015 was estimated at 5.68 million, with future projections of 6.86 million in 2020 and 9.94 million in 2030. Conclusions The findings of this review found that burden of dementia in LAC is substantial and continues to rapidly grow. The projected rise in dementia cases in the future should prompt urgent governmental response to address this growing public health issue. We were also able to demonstrate that given the overall paucity of data, a Bayesian approach was superior for estimating disease prevalence and burden.

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Systematic review and meta-analyses on the prevalence of dementia in Latin America and Caribbean countries: Exploring sex, rurality, age, and education as possible determinants

10.1101/2021.10.15.21265054 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fabiana S Ribeiro ◽

Ana C. Teixeira-Santos ◽

Paulo Caramelli ◽

Anja K. Leist

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Formal Education ◽

Random Effects Model ◽

Dementia Prevalence ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Latin America And Caribbean ◽

The Caribbean ◽

One Year ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Prevalence Of Dementia

Background: Studies have shown that the prevalence of dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) may be higher than in high-income countries. Thus, we sought to systematically analyse the prevalence of dementia and explore possible drivers that lead to this disparity in LAC countries. Method: We searched Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Lilacs, and SciELO for studies on dementia in LAC countries in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages. Random-effects model was applied. Results: Twenty-nine studies from 12 LAC countries were included. Pooled prevalence of all-cause dementia was 11%. Further analyses with studies providing raw prevalence by sex, area, and educational level showed a higher prevalence for women (9%) than for men (5%). Also, dementia prevalence was higher for rural than urban residents (12% vs 8%, respectively). Participants without formal education presented more than double the prevalence of dementia (22%) compared to those with at least one year of formal education (10%). Studies with more recent data collection showed higher dementia prevalence. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a high global dementia prevalence in LAC countries and an unequal burden of dementia for women, lower-educated, and rural residents. Secular raises in dementia prevalence call for increased public health efforts for preventative action.

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Prevalence of dementia among elderly in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1002/alz.056140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (S10) ◽

Author(s):

Fabiana Ribeiro ◽

Ana Carolina Teixeira Santos ◽

Anja Leist

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Latin America ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Prevalence Of Dementia

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Epidemiology of acute otitis media in children of Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.05.014 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. 1062-1070 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Ariel Bardach ◽

Agustín Ciapponi ◽

Sebastian Garcia-Marti ◽

Demian Glujovsky ◽

Agustina Mazzoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Latin America ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

The Caribbean

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Landscaping the Agritech Ecosystem for Smallholder Farmers in Latin America and the Caribbean

10.18235/0003027 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Panos Loukos ◽

Leslie Arathoon

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Labour Force ◽

Agriculture Sector ◽

Digital Interventions ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Digital Agriculture ◽

Digital Disruption

Agriculture is an important source of employment in Latin America and the Caribbean. In rural areas, some 54.6 per cent of the labour force is engaged in agricultural production. Although much of the region shares the same language and cultural heritage, the structure and scale of the agriculture sector varies significantly from country to country. Based on the review of 131 digital agriculture tools, this report, prepared by GSMA and IDB Lab, provides a market mapping and landscape analysis of the most prominent cases of digital disruption. It highlights some of the major trends observed in five digital agriculture use cases, identifies opportunities for digital interventions and concludes with recommendations for future engagement that could deliver long-term, sustainable economic and social benefits for smallholder farmers.

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International Remittances to Latin America and the Caribbean amid the COVID-19 Crisis: A Push for Digitalization?

10.18235/0003874 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Verónica Frisancho ◽

Eric Parrado

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Service Providers ◽

Safety Net ◽

Temporary Increase ◽

International Remittances ◽

Brick And Mortar ◽

Initial Drop ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Transfer Services

Remittances constitute a significant safety net for millions of households in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Consequently, changes in international transfers can be a crucial agent of transmission of the COVID-19 induced economic crisis from richer to poorer nations and from urban to rural areas. Relying on data on queries to the search engine Google between December 2018 and July 2021, this study looks at the evolution of demand for in-person versus digital international transfer services and evaluates if take-up rates of different types of service providers trace the initial drop and subsequent rebound of remittances. The recovery of remittances was accompanied by a modest and temporary increase in the interest in digital mechanisms for sending money to home countries, which is accompanied by lower demand for brick-and-mortar service providers.

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Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244019871061 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 215824401987106

Author(s):

Marisa Bucheli ◽

Maximo Rossi

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Latin America ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Individual Level ◽

Country Level ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Partner Violence Against Women

We analyze individual and country factors that explain attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) in Latin America and the Caribbean. Most patterns at individual level are similar to the international ones: for example, approval of IPVAW is higher among women and people in rural areas or in disadvantaged socio-economic situations. The most novel contribution of our work is the study of the variables at country level: approval of IPVAW increases with poverty, fertility rate, and equal gender outcomes. It decreases with Internet access and, less robustly, with the time elapsed since the enactment of women’s suffrage.

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