Perceived Control and ICD Concerns in Older ICD Recipients: Sex as a Moderator

Abstract Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death for those with a history of or high risk for lethal arrhythmias. In 2016, 105,000 ICDs were implanted in older adults (age ≥ 60) in the US. Approximately 25% of ICD recipients report significant ICD concerns with women reporting higher levels than men. Little is known about the experience of older adults living with life-saving/extending medical technologies, particularly related to sex differences in ICD concerns. Perceived control may decrease ICD concerns, but sex differences have not been explored. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the moderation effect of sex on the association between perceived control and ICD concerns in older adults (age≥ 60). Participants completed a questionnaire on ICD Concerns (ICDC-8) and the Control Attitudes Scale-Revised, a measure of perceived control. We conducted a moderation analysis using Hayes’ PROCESS for SPSS with 5,000 bootstrap samples. Of the 99 participants (73.7% male; age 70 + 7 years; education 13 + 3 years), most participants were white (79.8%) and married (69.7%). There were no differences in participant characteristics, perceived control, or ICD concerns, by sex. We found an interaction between sex and perceived control (b= -.5715, p= 02), indicating that for women (-.5801, p =.007), as perceived control increased, ICD concerns decreased. For men (-.0089, p =.9439), ICD concerns remained the same despite level of perceived control. Future clinical and research interventions to decrease ICD concerns should include ways to increase perceived control particularly for older women living with ICDs.

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Sex differences in impact of sarcopenia on falls in community-dwelling Korean older adults

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02688-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yunsoo Soh ◽

Chang Won Won

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Diagnostic Algorithm ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Falls are one of the most serious health problems among older adults. Sarcopenia is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Due to potentially age-related conditions, both falls and sarcopenia have common risk factors. However, the association between sarcopenia and falls is controversial. Moreover, the sex differences in the impact of sarcopenia on falls is not yet clear. This study aimed to investigate the sex differences in the impact of sarcopenia, defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), on falls in Korean older adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study; 2323 community-dwelling older adults (1111 males and 1212 females) aged 70–84 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study. To evaluate sarcopenia, the AWGS diagnostic algorithm was used. We compared the faller and non-faller groups. We performed unadjusted and fully adjusted logistic regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia, falls, and fall-related fractures. Results A total of 239 (24.1%) females in the faller group had a history of falls in the past year, which was statistically higher than that in males (176, 15.8%). In the fully adjusted model, handgrip strength (odds ratio [OR] = 1.508, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.028–2.211), and short physical performance battery (OR = 2.068, 95% CI = 1.308–3.271) were significantly lower in the male faller group. However, in the fully adjusted model, the female faller group only showed a significantly low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (OR = 1.419, 95% CI = 1.058–1.903). Conclusions This large cohort study aimed to identify the sex differences in the incidence of sarcopenia in the older Korean population, using the AWGS diagnostic algorithm, and its correlation with falls and fall-related fractures. The incidence of falls did not increase in the sarcopenia group. Among the sarcopenia components, sex differences affect the history of falls. Therefore, when studying the risk of falls in old age, sex differences should be considered.

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Sex Differences In Impact of Sarcopenia On Falls In Community-Dwelling Older Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-885429/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chang Won Won ◽

Yunsoo Soh

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Diagnostic Algorithm ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background: Falls are one of the most serious health problems among older adults. Sarcopenia is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Due to potentially age-related conditions, both falls and sarcopenia have common risk factors. However, the association between sarcopenia and falls is controversial.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study; 2,323 community-dwelling older adults (1,111 men and 1,212 women) aged 70–84 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study. To evaluate sarcopenia, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) diagnostic algorithm was used. We compared the faller and non-faller groups. Unadjusted and fully adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and falls.Results: A total of 239 (24.1%) women in the faller group had a history of falls in the past year, which was statistically higher than that in men (176, 15.8%). In the fully adjusted model, handgrip strength (odds ratio [OR]=1.508, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.028–2.211), short physical performance battery (OR=2.068, 95% CI=1.308–3.271), and 4-m walking speed (OR=3.499, 95% CI=2.044–5.991) were significantly lower in the male faller group. However, the female faller group only showed a significantly low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (OR=1.419, 95% CI=1.058–1.903) in the fully adjusted model.Conclusions: This large cohort study aimed to identify the incidence of sarcopenia in older Korean population using the AWGS diagnostic algorithm and its correlation with falls. The incidence of falls did not increase in the sarcopenia group. Among the sarcopenia components, sex differences affect the a history of falls. Therefore, when studying the risk of falls in old age, sex differences should be considered.

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Review for "Sex differences in the association of photoperiod with hippocampal subfield volumes in older adults: A cross‐sectional study in the UK Biobank cohort"

10.1002/brb3.1593/v2/review2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Julian Macoveanu

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Uk

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Reliability of HOME FAST BRAZIL—Self-Reported Version for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.713202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Karina Stella Aoki Ferreira ◽

Tamires Terezinha Gallo da Silva ◽

Jarbas Melo Filho ◽

Natacha Verônica Bazanella ◽

Audrin Said Vojciechowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

History Of ◽

Spearman Test ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objective: Verify the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the HOME FAST BRAZIL—Self-reported version and correlate household environmental risks with the history of falls by community-dwelling older adults.Method: Cross sectional study with 50 community-dwelling older adults who were screened by the cut-off point of the Mini Mental State Exam and replied to the HOME FAST BRAZIL—Self-reported version using two evaluators, on three occasions. The reliability analysis was determined by the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), considering ICC > 0.70 as adequate. To test the correlations, the Spearman test was used.Results: The mean age of the participants was 73.2 ± 5.8 years. The inter- rater reliability of HOME FAST BRAZIL—Self-reported version was ICC 0.83 (IC95%, 0.70–0.90) and the Intra- reliability ICC 0.85 (IC95%, 0.74–0.91). A risk of falls was verified in 88% of the sample and four environmental risks presented significant correlations with the history of falls.Conclusions: The HOME FAST BRAZIL—Self-reported version presented adequate reliability for the evaluation of household environmental risks for community-dwelling older adults. Risks such as inadequate armchairs/ sofas, the absence of anti-slip mats in the shower recess, the presence of pets and inadequate beds require attention in the evaluation of household risks, due to their correlation with the occurrence of falls.

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Factors influencing Fear of Falling in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Singapore: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-963330/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline Giovanna De Roza ◽

David Wei Liang Ng ◽

Blessy Koottappal Mathew ◽

Teena Jose ◽

Ling Jia Goh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frail Older Adults ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract BackgroundFalls in older adults is a common problem worldwide. Fear of falling (FoF) is a consequence of falls which has far-reaching implications including activity restriction, functional decline and reduced quality of life. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with FoF in a segment of Singapore’s community-dwelling older adults. MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study recruited a convenience sample of adults aged 65 and above from 4 primary care clinics from September 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected on demographic factors and clinical factors including history of falls and frailty as determined by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). FoF was measured using the Short Falls Efficacy Scale–International (Short FES-I), cut-off score of 14 and above indicated high FoF. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of high FoF.ResultsOut of 360 older adults, 78.1% were Chinese and 59.7% females. The mean age was 78.3 years and 76 (21.1%) had a history of falls in the past six months. Almost half (43.1%) were mildly to moderately frail and most (80.6%) had three or more chronic conditions. The mean FoF score was 15.5 (SD 5.97) and 60.8% reported high FoF. Logistic regression found that Malay ethnicity (OR = 5.81, 95% CI 1.77 – 19.13), use of walking aids (OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.54 – 8.77) and increasing frailty were significant predictors for high FoF. The odds of high FoF were significantly higher in pre frail older adults (OR = 6.87, 95% CI = 2.66 – 17.37), mildly frail older adults (OR =18.58, 95% CI = 4.88 – 70.34) and moderately frail older adults (OR = 144.78, 95% CI = 13.86 – 1512.60).ConclusionsFoF is a prevalent and compelling issue in community-dwelling older adults, particularly those with frailty. The demographic and clinical factors identified in this study will be helpful to develop targeted and tailored interventions for FoF.

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Sex differences in the association of photoperiod with hippocampal subfield volumes in older adults: A cross‐sectional study in the UK Biobank cohort

Brain and Behavior ◽

10.1002/brb3.1593 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Naif A. Majrashi ◽

Trevor S. Ahearn ◽

Justin H. G. Williams ◽

Gordon D. Waiter

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Uk

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A cross-sectional study of self-rated health among older adults: a comparison of China and the United States

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027895 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e027895 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dongjuan Xu ◽

Greg Arling ◽

Kefang Wang

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Older Americans ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Ordered Logistic Regression ◽

The Us ◽

The Usa

ObjectivesWe used nationally representative samples of China and the US older population to investigate (1) whether factors influencing self-rated health among older Chinese were similar to those among older Americans; and (2) whether there was a significant cross-national difference in self-rated health between China and the USA after controlling those available influencing factors.DesignA cross-sectional study. Data came from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted from 2014 to 2015.ParticipantsOur final sample size totaled 8905 older adults in the USA and 4442 older adults in China.OutcomeThe response variable was self-rated health. Ordered logistic regression models were conducted to investigate factors influencing self-rated health among older adults.ResultsMore than three-fourths (78%) of older adults in China reported fair or poor health status, while almost 74% of older adults in the USA reported excellent, very good or good health status. In the overall ordered logistic regression model, when controlling statistically for sociodemographics, family structure, functional limitations, cognition, chronic conditions, mental health and health-related behaviours, the Chinese survey respondents were much more likely to rate their health as being poorer than the US respondents. The odds of having better versus poorer health was almost five times greater in American older adults than those in China (OR=4.88, 95% CI 4.06 to 5.86). Older adults in China living alone rated their health better than those living with spouse/partner; however, no significant difference was found between these two living arrangements in older Americans. In contrast, older adults in the USA living with others rated their health worse compared with those living with spouse/partner. In addition, older adults who had more activities of daily living limitations, poorer self-reported memory, worse mental health and chronic health conditions had lower self-rated health in both countries.ConclusionsWe found a striking difference in self-rated health between China and the USA even after controlling for measures of disease, functional status and other influencing factors. Relative to their American counterparts, Chinese elders were much more likely to report worse health.

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Sex differences in psychophysical and neurophysiological responses to pain in older adults: a cross-sectional study

Biology of Sex Differences ◽

10.1186/s13293-015-0041-y ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Todd B. Monroe ◽

John C. Gore ◽

Stephen P. Bruehl ◽

Margaret M. Benningfield ◽

Mary S. Dietrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Factors Associated with Nonattendance to a Geriatric Clinic among Mexican Older Adults

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000517919 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Juan Pablo Negrete-Najar ◽

Yoselin Juárez-Carrillo ◽

Jimena Gómez-Camacho ◽

Nancy R. Mejía-Domínguez ◽

Enrique Soto-Perez-de-Celis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Geriatric Medicine ◽

Health Resources ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Time Frame ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Outpatient appointment nonattendance (NA) represents a public health problem, increasing the risk of unfavorable health-related outcomes. Although NA is significant among older adults, little is known regarding its correlates. This study aimed to identify the correlates (including several domains from the geriatric assessment) of single and repeated NA episodes in a geriatric medicine outpatient clinic, in general and in the context of specific comorbidities. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including data from 3,034 older adults aged ≥60 years with ≥1 scheduled appointments between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016. Appointment characteristics as well as sociodemographic, geographical, and environmental information were obtained. Univariate and multivariate multinomial regression analyses were carried out. Results: The mean age was 81.8 years (SD 7.19). Over a third (37.4%) of participants missed one scheduled appointment, and 14.4% missed ≥2. Participants with a history of stroke (OR 1.336, p = 0.041) and those with a greater number of scheduled appointments during the study time frame (OR 1.182, p < 0.001) were more likely to miss one appointment, while those with Parkinson’s disease (OR 0.346, p < 0.001), other pulmonary diseases (OR 0.686, p = 0.008), and better functioning for activities of daily living (ADL) (OR 0.883, p < 0.001) were less likely to do so. High socioeconomic level (OR 2.235, p < 0.001), not having a partner (OR 1.410, p = 0.006), a history of fractures (OR 1.492, p = 0.031), and a greater number of scheduled appointments (OR 1.668, p < 0.001) increased the risk of repeated NA, while osteoarthritis (OR 0.599, p = 0.001) and hypertension (OR 0.680, p = 0.002) decreased it. In specific comorbidity populations (hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer), better ADL functioning protected from a single NA, while better mobility functioning protected from repeated NA in older patients with hypertension and cancer. Discussion/Conclusion: Identifying geriatric factors linked to an increased probability of NA may allow one to anticipate its likelihood and lead to the design and implementation of preventive strategies and to an optimization of the use of available health resources. The impact of these factors on adherence to clinical visits requires further investigation.

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