scholarly journals Metabolic Adaptations to Aerobic Exercise in Aged Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 533-533
Author(s):  
Tyler Marx ◽  
Anastasiia Vasileva ◽  
Stephen Hutchison ◽  
Jennifer Stern
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Glucagon Receptor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Aerobic exercise training is a potent intervention for the treatment and prevention of age-related disease, such as heart disease, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes. Insulin resistance, a hallmark of Type 2 Diabetes, is reversed in response to aerobic exercise training. However, the effect of aerobic exercise training on glucagon sensitivity is unclear. Glucagon signaling at the liver promotes fatty acid oxidation, inhibits De novo lipogenesis, and activates AMP Kinase, a key mediator of healthy aging. Like humans, aging in mice age leads to a decline in physical and metabolic function. To understand the role of glucagon signaling in exercise-induced improvements in physical and metabolic function in the mouse, we implemented a 16-week aerobic exercise training protocol in young and aged mice. 16 weeks of exercise training initiated at 6 months of age increased markers of physical function (P<0.01) and attenuated age-related weight gain (P<0.05) and fat mass (P<0.0001). Additionally, exercise training improved glucose clearance (P<0.01), enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (P<0.01) and decreased hepatic lipid accumulation (P<0.05). Importantly, exercise training decreased hypoglycemia stimulated glucagon secretion (P<0.01), with no effect on hepatic glucagon receptor mRNA expression or serum glucagon. Thus, we propose that aerobic exercise training enhances glucagon sensitivity at the liver, implicating glucagon as a potential mediator of exercise-induced improvements in aging. Studies initiating the same aerobic exercise training intervention at 18 months of age in the mouse are currently underway to establish the role of glucagon receptor signaling in exercise-induced improvements in aging.

scholarly journals Combining metformin and aerobic exercise training in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD in OLETF rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (3) ◽  
pp. E300-E310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Linden ◽  
Justin A. Fletcher ◽  
E. Matthew Morris ◽  
Grace M. Meers ◽  
Monica L. Kearney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Palmitate Oxidation ◽  
Oletf Rats ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Exercise Induced

Here, we sought to compare the efficacy of combining exercise and metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in hyperphagic, obese, type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. OLETF rats (age: 20 wk, hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic; n = 10/group) were randomly assigned to sedentary (O-SED), SED plus metformin (O-SED + M; 300 mg·kg−1·day−1), moderate-intensity exercise training (O-EndEx; 20 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/wk treadmill running), or O-EndEx + M groups for 12 wk. Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (L-SED) rats served as nonhyperphagic controls. O-SED + M, O-EndEx, and O-EndEx + M were effective in the management of type 2 diabetes, and all three treatments lowered hepatic steatosis and serum markers of liver injury; however, O-EndEx lowered liver triglyceride content and fasting hyperglycemia more than O-SED + M. In addition, exercise elicited greater improvements compared with metformin alone on postchallenge glycemic control, liver diacylglycerol content, hepatic mitochondrial palmitate oxidation, citrate synthase, and β-HAD activities and in the attenuation of markers of hepatic fatty acid uptake and de novo fatty acid synthesis. Surprisingly, combining metformin and aerobic exercise training offered little added benefit to these outcomes, and in fact, metformin actually blunted exercise-induced increases in complete mitochondrial palmitate oxidation and β-HAD activity. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training was more effective than metformin administration in the management of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD outcomes in obese hyperphagic OLETF rats. Combining therapies offered little additional benefit beyond exercise alone, and findings suggest that metformin potentially impairs exercise-induced hepatic mitochondrial adaptations.

Abstract P137: Aerobic, Resistance or Combination Exercise Training does not Reduce C-Reactive Protein Levels in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon L Swift ◽  
Neil M Johannsen ◽  
Conrad P Earnest ◽  
Steven N Blair ◽  
Timothy S Church
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels (CRP), which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise training especially with weight/adiposity reduction has been shown to improve CRP, however few studies have evaluated the effect of other exercise training modalities (aerobic, resistance or combination training) on CRP in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that combination training will improve CRP to a greater extent than other modalities of exercise training, and change in CRP levels will be associated with changes in weight and adiposity. Methods: The present study is a secondary analysis of the Health Benefits of Aerobic and Resistance Training in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes (HART-D) study. Participants (n=204) were randomized to aerobic exercise (aerobic), resistance exercise (resistance) or a combination of both (combination) for nine months. Results: Baseline CRP was correlated with fat mass, waist circumference, BMI, and inversely correlated with VO2 peak (p<0.05). CRP was not reduced in the aerobic (0.16 mg•L-1, 95% CI: -1.0, 1.3), resistance (-0.03 mg•L-1, 95% CI: -1.1, 1.0) or combination (-0.49 mg•L-1, 95% CI: -1.5 to 0.6) groups compared to control (0.35 mg•L-1, 95% CI: -1.0, 1.7). Change in CRP was associated with change in fasting glucose (r=0.20, p= 0.009), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) (r=0.21 p=0.005), and fat mass (r=0.19, p=0.016), but not change in fitness or weight (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, aerobic, resistance or a combination of both did not reduce CRP levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, exercise related improvements in HbA1C, fasting glucose, and fat mass were associated with reductions in CRP.

scholarly journals Peripheral Arterial Adaptations to All‐Extremity Aerobic Exercise Training in Type 2 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Sakarya ◽  
Chueh‐Lung Hwang ◽  
Jisok Lim ◽  
Han‐Kyul Kim ◽  
Jeung‐Ki Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

HDL Atheroprotection by Aerobic Exercise Training in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABEL C. D. RIBEIRO ◽  
RODRIGO T. IBORRA ◽  
MÔNICA Q. T. S. NEVES ◽  
SIMÃO A. LOTTENBERG ◽  
ANA M. CHARF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

scholarly journals The impact of aerobic exercise training on novel adipokines, apelin and ghrelin, in patients with type 2 diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. CR290-CR295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos P.E. Kadoglou ◽  
Ioannis S. Vrabas ◽  
Alkistis Kapelouzou ◽  
Stilianos Lampropoulos ◽  
Nikolaos Sailer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Seven days of aerobic exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow following glucose ingestion in patients with type 2 diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Mikus ◽  
Seth T. Fairfax ◽  
Jessica L. Libla ◽  
Leryn J. Boyle ◽  
Lauro C. Vianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Conduit Artery ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

The vasodilatory effects of insulin account for up to 40% of insulin-mediated glucose disposal; however, insulin-stimulated vasodilation is impaired in individuals with type 2 diabetes, limiting perfusion and delivery of glucose and insulin to target tissues. To determine whether exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow following glucose ingestion, a stimulus for increasing circulating insulin, we assessed femoral blood flow (FBF; Doppler ultrasound) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g glucose) in 11 overweight or obese (body mass index, 34 ± 1 kg/m2), sedentary (peak oxygen consumption, 23 ± 1 ml·kg−1·min−1) individuals (53 ± 2 yr) with non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes (HbA1c, 6.63 ± 0.18%) before and after 7 days of supervised treadmill and cycling exercise (60 min/day, 60–75% heart rate reserve). Fasting glucose, insulin, and FBF were not significantly different after 7 days of exercise, nor were glucose or insulin responses to the OGTT. However, estimates of whole body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda insulin sensitivity index) increased ( P < 0.05). Before exercise training, FBF did not change significantly during the OGTT (1 ± 7, −7 ± 5, 0 ± 6, and 0 ± 5% of fasting FBF at 75, 90, 105, and 120 min, respectively). In contrast, after exercise training, FBF increased by 33 ± 9, 39 ± 14, 34 ± 7, and 48 ± 18% above fasting levels at 75, 90, 105, and 120 min, respectively ( P < 0.05 vs. corresponding preexercise time points). Additionally, postprandial glucose responses to a standardized breakfast meal consumed under “free-living” conditions decreased during the final 3 days of exercise ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, 7 days of aerobic exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow during an OGTT in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

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