Racial and Ethnic Differences in Retirement Satisfaction among Older US Adults

Abstract Along with population aging, the diversity of the older US population is increasing. Research suggests that racial and ethnic minorities experience disadvantages over the life course that can negatively impact later life. Despite this, little research has examined racial and ethnic differences in satisfaction with retirement. Using data from the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study, we compared retirement satisfaction among Black (n = 1,068), Hispanic (n = 674), Other (n=161), and White (n = 4,833) older adults (age 65+). Retirement satisfaction was measured with the following item: “All in all, would you say that your retirement has turned out to be very satisfying, moderately satisfying, or not at all satisfying?” Responses were categorized as very satisfied vs. all others. Approximately 43% of Black, 35% of Hispanic, 39% of Other, and 56% of White Americans reported being very satisfied with retirement (χ2(2.4)=58.9; p < .0001). In multivariate logistic models controlling for age, educational level, gender, household income, marital status, and functional limitations, the odds of being very satisfied with retirement were 32% lower for Hispanic (OR=0.68; 95% CI= 0.55, 0.85) and 37% lower for Other Americans (OR=0.63; 95% CI= 0.43,0.92) relative to their White counterparts. No significant difference was evident for Black and White Americans in adjusted analysis (OR=0.96; 95% CI=0.76,1.20). Our findings indicate that inequalities in the retirement experience exist by race and ethnicity in the United States. More research is needed to understand the factors responsible for lower retirement satisfaction among Hispanic and Other Americans.

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Distrust and Empathy: Explaining the Lack of Support for Capital Punishment Among Minorities

Criminal Justice Review ◽

10.1177/0734016818796902 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 204-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wanda D. Foglia ◽

Nadine M. Connell

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Differences ◽

Capital Punishment ◽

Justice System ◽

The United States ◽

White Americans ◽

Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽

Capital Jury ◽

Using Data ◽

Public Opinion Polls ◽

Opinion Polls

Public opinion polls show that the majority of people in the United States support capital punishment but that is because the majority of White Americans support it. Research on the opinions of non-Whites consistently finds less support. We examine racial and ethnic differences among people who actually had to decide whether to impose the death penalty, former capital jurors, and hypothesize that lower support among non-Whites can be explained by the fact that non-Whites are more likely to distrust the criminal justice system and more likely to show empathy for the defendant in a capital case, net of defendant and victim race. Using data from the Capital Jury Project, we find support for this hypothesis in a mediating relationship between race and sentencing vote. Black and Hispanic jurors are more likely to report distrust of the capital process and higher levels of empathy for the defendant, both of which lower the probability of a death vote during the sentencing phase of the trial. We discuss the implications for research, trial strategy, and the future of capital punishment in light of these findings.

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Racial and Ethnic Differences in Consumers’ Economic Expectations

Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World ◽

10.1177/2378023118815270 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 237802311881527

Author(s):

Megan Doherty Bea

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Differences ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

The United States ◽

Ethnic Composition ◽

Ethnic Variation ◽

Survey Of Consumer Finances ◽

Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽

Consumer Finances ◽

Economic Expectations ◽

Economic Experiences

Consumers’ expectations about the future of their own finances and the macroeconomy are used to forecast consumption, but forecasts do not typically account for differences by race and ethnicity. In this report, the author asks (1) whether there is consistent racial and ethnic variation in consumers’ economic expectations, (2) if differences can be explained by economic experiences, and (3) how the scope of expectations matters. The author uses the Survey of Consumer Finances to examine variation in the likelihood of positive national and personal economic expectations among individuals who identify as black, white, or Hispanic. The author finds that national expectations have substantial racial and ethnic variation net of economic experiences. For personal expectations, initial racial and ethnic variation in the likelihood of positive expectations disappears once economic experiences are accounted for. These findings have important implications for consumption forecasts, especially as the racial and ethnic composition of the United States changes.

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Measuring and explaining racial and ethnic differences in willingness to donate live kidneys in the United States

Clinical Transplantation ◽

10.1111/ctr.12196 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tanjala S. Purnell ◽

Neil R. Powe ◽

Misty U. Troll ◽

Nae-Yuh Wang ◽

Carlton Haywood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

The United States ◽

Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽

Willingness To Donate

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Racial and ethnic differences in genetic counseling experiences and outcomes in the United States: A systematic review

Journal of Genetic Counseling ◽

10.1002/jgc4.1230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 147-165

Author(s):

Sabrina V. Southwick ◽

Riley Esch ◽

Rachel Gasser ◽

Deborah Cragun ◽

Krista Redlinger‐Grosse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Genetic Counseling ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

The United States ◽

Racial And Ethnic Differences

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Racial and ethnic differences in motivation for educational achievement in the United States

Personality and Individual Differences ◽

10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00051-3 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 1091-1096 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wei-Cheng Mau ◽

Richard Lynn

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Educational Achievement ◽

The United States ◽

Racial And Ethnic Differences

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Expanded Prospective Payment System and Use of and Outcomes with Home Dialysis by Race and Ethnicity in the United States

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.2215/cjn.00290119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1200-1212 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jenny I. Shen ◽

Kevin F. Erickson ◽

Lucia Chen ◽

Sitaram Vangala ◽

Lynn Leng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Differences ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Prospective Payment System ◽

The United States ◽

Similar Proportion ◽

Home Dialysis ◽

Dialysis Outcomes ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Over Time ◽

White Patients

Background and objectivesWe investigated whether the recent growth in home dialysis use was proportional among all racial/ethnic groups and also whether there were changes in racial/ethnic differences in home dialysis outcomes.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThis observational cohort study of US Renal Data System patients initiating dialysis from 2005 to 2013 used logistic regression to estimate racial/ethnic differences in home dialysis initiation over time, and used competing risk models to assess temporal changes in racial/ethnic differences in home dialysis outcomes, specifically: (1) transfer to in-center hemodialysis (HD), (2) mortality, and (3) transplantation.ResultsOf the 523,526 patients initiating dialysis from 2005 to 2013, 55% were white, 28% black, 13% Hispanic, and 4% Asian. In the earliest era (2005–2007), 8.0% of white patients initiated dialysis with home modalities, as did a similar proportion of Asians (9.2%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.86 to 1.05), whereas lower proportions of black [5.2%; aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.76] and Hispanic (5.7%; aOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.93) patients did so. Over time, home dialysis use increased in all groups and racial/ethnic differences decreased (2011–2013: 10.6% of whites, 8.3% of blacks [aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.85], 9.6% of Hispanics [aOR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.00], 14.2% of Asians [aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.12]). Compared with white patients, the risk of transferring to in-center HD was higher in blacks, similar in Hispanics, and lower in Asians; these differences remained stable over time. The mortality rate was lower for minority patients than for white patients; this difference increased over time. Transplantation rates were lower for blacks and similar for Hispanics and Asians; over time, the difference in transplantation rates between blacks and Hispanics versus whites increased.ConclusionsFrom 2005 to 2013, as home dialysis use increased, racial/ethnic differences in initiating home dialysis narrowed, without worsening rates of death or transfer to in-center HD in minority patients, as compared with white patients.

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Racial and ethnic differences in the relationship between antenatal stressful life events and postpartum depression among women in the United States: does provider communication on perinatal depression minimize the risk?

Ethnicity and Health ◽

10.1080/13557858.2017.1280137 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 542-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Soumyadeep Mukherjee ◽

Kristopher Fennie ◽

Stefany Coxe ◽

Purnima Madhivanan ◽

Mary Jo Trepka

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Life Events ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Perinatal Depression ◽

The United States ◽

Provider Communication ◽

Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽

The Relationship

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Race and Ethnic Differences in Adolescent Drug Use: The Impact of Family Structure and the Quantity and Quality of Parental Interaction

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/002204269802800202 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 283-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Cheryl H. Amey ◽

Stan L. Albrecht

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Black Family ◽

Household Survey ◽

The United States ◽

Family Characteristics ◽

Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽

Adolescent Drug Use ◽

National Priority ◽

The Impact

Curbing adolescent substance abuse is a national priority in the United States. To effectively allocate resources it is imperative that antecedents and correlates of drug use across diverse populations be understood. Racial and ethnic differences in drug use have yet to be explained. Because family characteristics are known to vary across race/ethnic groups, and prior research suggests a connection between family characteristics and adolescent drug use, this study investigates the impact of family on race/ethnic differences in drug use. Using data from a national household survey, we found that although socioeconomic and demographic characteristics alone explained drug use differences between Latinos and non-Latino whites, the differences between Black and white adolescents could not be explained by either structural or functional differences in the family. Furthermore, it appears that the single-parent Black family provides a greater protection against drug use than does the two-biological-parent Black family. Our findings suggest that the development of policy based on a knowledge of correlates of substance use within the white community may be both inefficient and ineffective when applied to minority communities.

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