scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE INCIDENCE OF DEPRESSION IN OLDER ADULTS IN TAIWAN: A MULTI-LEVEL ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S271-S271
Author(s):  
Chia Chun Li ◽  
Der-Chiang Li ◽  
Susan C Hu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
National Health ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Level Analysis

Abstract Depression is a common mental disorder worldwide, and also a leading cause of disability and global burden of disease. The risk factors of depression are multi-facets; however, past studies have focused more on individual factors than ecological factors. This study aims to use a health map framework with multi-level analysis to analyze the effects of environmental factors on the incidence of depression of older adults in Taiwan. We connected 3 national datasets, including the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), Age-friendly Dataset at city-level, and the National Health Insurance Research Databases (NHRID), to examine the relationship between environmental factors and the incidence of depression in Taiwan. The dependent variable was the new cases of depression in older adults during 2010-2016. The study variables were environment factors including 5 build environments and 8 social environments. A total of 6494 valid participants aged 50 and over were recruited from the 2009 NHIS and were followed up to 2016. There were 292 (4.5%) new incident cases of depression during 2010-2016. Results of multi-level analysis showed that only one built environment (no. of heritage sites) was associated with the incidence of depression. No social factors was found significantly in the study. It seems that factors of individual-level appear more important than that of ecological-level as the determinants of depression. Results of this study could provide an exploratory information for future research regarding the relationships between depression and environments.

Does social capital enhance political participation of older adults? A multi-level analysis of older Finns and Swedes

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Nygård ◽  
Fredrica Nyqvist ◽  
Wouter Steenbeek ◽  
Gunborg Jakobsson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Voluntary Associations ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Level Analysis

This article contributes to the literature on political gerontology by analysing the role that social capital plays in the political participation of older adults. More specifically, the aim is to test the importance of individual-level and contextual-level social capital for different types of political participation of older adults in a Scandinavian setting by using survey data from Finland and Sweden (N = 6838). The results show that even though membership in voluntary associations, intense social networks and high levels of interpersonal trust tend to be positively correlated with political participation of older adults as a whole, the explanative logic differs between them depending on the kind of political engagement. The only type of social capital with a robust positive impact on all dimensions of political participation was individual-level membership in voluntary associations.

Organizational Performance Research in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-93
Author(s):  
Shailendra Singh ◽  
Vishal Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Process Framework ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Performance Research ◽  
Working Hypotheses ◽  
Level Group

This chapter presents a review of research in the area of organizational performance in India during the last decade, which has become a challenge for organizations and management researchers. The chapter begins with a critical analysis of the nature of performance measurement and associated challenges. Next, it summarizes the research that has linked individual-level, group-level, and organization-level variables to organizational performance. The theoretical and conceptual contributions, limitations, gaps, and the scope of future research in the field are presented by the contributors. Finally, a multi-level model has been presented that provides a process framework, which links antecedent variables to organizational performance. The framework provides a set of working hypotheses for future organizational performance research in the Indian context.

scholarly journals Behavioural strategy: Adaptability context

Management ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Piórkowska
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Behavioural Strategy ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual

SummaryThe paper is embedded in the following fields: strategic management in terms of behavioural strategy concept, adaptability construct, and micro-foundations realm as well as organizational theory and psychology. Moreover, the paper concerns to some extent a multi-level approach in strategic management involving individual, team, and organizational level. The aim of the paper is to contribute to extend, on one hand, the ascertainment set in the field of behavioural strategy as behavioural strategy encompasses a mindboggling diversity of topics and methods and its conceptual unity has been hard to achieve (Powell, Lovallo, Fox 2011, p. 1371), and on the other hand, to order mixed approaches to adaptability especially to gain insights on micro-level adapting processes (individual adaptability and adaptive performance) in terms of the multi-level approach. The method that has been used is literature studies and the interference is mostly deductive. The structure of the manuscript is four-fold. The first part involves the considerations in the field of adaptability and adaptive performance at the individual level. The issues of adaptability and adaptive performance at the team level have been presented in the second part. The third part encompasses the organizational adaptability assertions. Finally, the conclusion, limitations of the considerations highlighted as well as the future research directions have been emphasized. The overarching key finding is that the behavioural strategy concept may constitute the boundary spanner in exploring and explaining adaptability phenomenon at different levels of analysis.

scholarly journals Political participation of older adults in Scandinavia - the civic voluntarism model revisited? A multi-level analysis of three types of political participation

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Nygård ◽  
Gunborg Jakobsson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Older People ◽  
Resource Model ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Level Analysis

This article examines political participation among older adults in österbotten, Finland, and Västerbotten, Sweden. Two specific hypotheses are tested. First, we anticipate that older adults are loyal voters but less avid in engaging in politics between elections. Second, we expect individuallevel resources to explain why older people participate in politics. The article offers two contributions to the literature on political participation of older adults. First, it corroborates earlier findings by showing that older adults indeed have a higher inclination to vote than to engage in political activities between elections, but it also shows that the latter engagement is more diversified than one could expect. Second, although the findings largely support the resource model, they suggest that we need to consider also other factors such as the overall attitude towards older people.

scholarly journals Racialised professionals’ experiences of selective incivility in organisations: A multi-level analysis of subtle racism

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872672095772
Author(s):  
Mustafa Bilgehan Ozturk ◽  
Aykut Berber
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Subtle Racism ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Organisational Level

This article explores how racialised professionals experience selective incivility in UK organisations. Analysing 22 in-depth, semi-structured interviews, we provide multi-level findings that relate to individual, organisational and societal phenomena to illuminate the workings of subtle racism. On the individual level, selective incivility appears as articulated through ascriptions of excess and deficit that marginalise racialised professionals; biased actions by white employees who operate as honest liars or strategic coverers; and white defensiveness against selective incivility claims. On the organisational level, organisational whitewashing, management denial and upstream exclusion constitute the key enablers of selective incivility. On the societal level, dynamic changes relating to increasing intolerance outside organisations indirectly yet sharply fuel selective incivility within organisations. Finally, racialised professionals experience intersectional (dis-)advantages at the imbrications of individual, organisation and society levels, shaping within-group variations in experiences of workplace selective incivility. Throughout all three levels of analysis and their interplay, differences in power and privilege inform the conditions of possibility for and the continual reproduction of selective incivility.

scholarly journals A multi-level analysis of the relationship between environmental factors and questing Ixodes ricinus dynamics in Belgium

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Li ◽  
Paul Heyman ◽  
Christel Cochez ◽  
Leopold Simons ◽  
Sophie O Vanwambeke
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Analysis

A Multi-Level Analysis of Organizational Justice Climate, Structure, and Employee Mental Health†

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester S. Spell ◽  
Todd J. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Employee Mental Health ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Level Analysis

This study uses a sample of 483 employees to investigate how fairness assessments and organizational structure relate to employee mental health. The authors explain these effects using a social contagion framework, which describes the creation of group effects that would occur in addition to individual-level influences. They found that the interactive effects of distributive and procedural justice climates significantly influence individual feelings of both anxiety and depression. This effect goes beyond the main effects of justice at the individual level.

scholarly journals Religiousness and existential insecurity: A cross-national comparative analysis on the macro- and micro-level

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Höllinger ◽  
Johanna Muckenhuber
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Cross National

In Sacred and Secular (2011 [2004]) Norris and Inglehart argued that improvements in material living conditions and higher degrees of existential security lead to a decline in religiousness both on the macro-level of the comparison between countries and on the individual level. Since then, a number of studies have examined this relationship and confirmed the assumptions of the existential security thesis. This article revisits this thesis using data from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey (2010–2014). The multi-level analysis reveals two key results. Consistent with previous studies, a strong correlation was found between better life conditions and lower levels of religiousness on the macro-level. Individual life conditions and threatening experiences, however, have only a very small impact on religiousness. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between macro-level and micro-level results are discussed in the final section.

Neighbourhood-level social capital, marginalisation, and the incidence of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in Toronto, Canada: a retrospective population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Martin Rotenberg ◽  
Andrew Tuck ◽  
Kelly K. Anderson ◽  
Kwame McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background Studies have shown mixed results regarding social capital and the risk of developing a psychotic disorder, and this has yet to be studied in North America. We sought to examine the relationship between neighbourhood-level marginalisation, social capital, and the incidence of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in Toronto, Canada. Methods We used a retrospective population-based cohort to identify incident cases of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder over a 10 year period and accounted for neighbourhood-level marginalisation and a proxy indicator of neighbourhood social capital. Mixed Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs). Results In the cohort (n = 649 020) we identified 4841 incident cases of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. A 27% variation in incidence was observed between neighbourhoods. All marginalisation dimensions, other than ethnic concentration, were associated with incidence. Compared to areas with low social capital, areas with intermediate social capital in the second [aIRR = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.33] and third (aIRR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.08–1.40) quintiles had elevated incidence rates after accounting for marginalisation. There was a higher risk associated with the intermediate levels of social capital (aIRR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.00–1.39) when analysed in only the females in the cohort, but the CI includes the possibility of a null effect. Conclusions The risk of developing schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in Toronto varies by neighbourhood and is associated with socioenvironmental exposures. Social capital was not linearly associated with risk, and risk differs by sex and social capital quintile. Future research should examine these relationships with different forms of social capital and examine how known individual-level risk factors impact these findings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document