scholarly journals GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CARE USE IN THE NETHERLANDS: CHANGES BETWEEN 1995 AND 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S532-S532
Author(s):  
Mari Aaltonen ◽  
Dorly Deeg ◽  
Marjolein Broese van Groenou
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Care Policy

Abstract In recent decades, care policy in the Netherlands reduced budgets for residential care and formal home care, which increased the demand for informal care. Women use formal care more often than men, but we lack information on the extent to which the gender gap in care use is explained by differences in individual chracteristics and changes in care policy. Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) were employed to explore the gender gap in the use of informal, formal and private home care, community services, and residential care in the years 1996-2016, analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). The data consisted of 9,497 observations, gathered from 3,369 respondents aged 65-85. Women used all types of formal care more than men. The gender differences persisted even when individual characteristics were taken into account; however, only in residential care the differences diminished after care preferences were included in the analysis. During the study years, the gender gap increased in formal home care and in non-use of care, as women increasingly used formal home care and the proportion of men without care expanded. The gender gap in informal care use reversed, with men using more informal care during the earlier years and women using more in the later years. The persistent and even increasing gender differences in care use deserve further exploration of the role of gender in current care culture. The growing gender gab in non-use of care raises concern for older men and their possible increase in unmet care needs.

scholarly journals Trends in the use of care among people aged 65–85 with cognitive impairment in the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-72
Author(s):  
Mari Aaltonen ◽  
Jani Raitanen ◽  
Hannie Comijs ◽  
Marjolein Broese van Groenou
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Care Policies ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObservation of long-term trends within countries is needed to increase insight into how policy initiatives are reflected in the use of care over time in addition to individual determinants of care use. In the past decades, Dutch care policies have favoured homecare and reduced the availability of institutional care which extended the care responsibilities of formal and informal care-givers at home. This study investigates the changes in the use of informal and formal homecare, community services and residential care among cognitively impaired older adults over time in the Netherlands. In addition, of special interest here are the associations of the presence of a spouse, other family members or social network with care use, and the interdependency between the use of different types of care. The study employs the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) covering the years 1992–2012, analysed with generalised estimating equations. The data consisted of 1,022 observations gathered from 813 respondents aged 65–85. The respondents were cognitively impaired according to the age- and education-standardised Mini-Mental State Examination score. The analyses took into account several individual determinants of care use. The use of informal care and residential care decreased while the use of formal homecare and community services remained the same. Simultaneously, the proportion of those who did not use the studied care types increased. The contribution of partners in informal care decreased. Informal care and formal homecare use increasingly became complementary services. The findings suggest that the decreases in informal care and residential care have not been replaced by other types of care, as reflected in the increased number of persons receiving no care. Care policies should not rely excessively on the availability of informal help and should guarantee adequate formal help, especially for those in high need.

scholarly journals Gender gap in self-rated health: A cohort perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Gil-Lacruz ◽  
Ana Isabel Gil-Lacruz ◽  
Isabel Aguilar-Palacio
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Abstract Background: The relation among gender differences and culture in self-rated health is not only bidirectional and static. In this sense, it is important to difference between effects of age and cohort. The aim of this study is analyzing gender gap differences in self-rated health from a generational perspective in order to explore health diversity from a multidisciplinary approach with policy implications. Methods: We used data drawn from the European Health Interview Survey for 8 Eastern European Countries and EUROSTAT from 2006 through 2009. We conducted multilevel analyses to understand individual and national health determinants of self-rated health by gender and if national differences remain after controlling from micro variables. In order to analyse the role of equity (Gini Quartile) and capacity to create richness (GDPpc Quartile) in gender differences, Oaxaca analyses were developed.Results: Self-rated health gender gap increases with age. Individual characteristics, such as educational level or smoking influence the citizens´ perceived health, with a stronger effect on women than on men. Both characteristics (endowment effects) and effects of individual characteristics (coefficient effects) on health are important to understand gender gaps among people from silent generation.Conclusions: Our research points out that random effects are greater for men than for women. Besides, random effects might be explained to certain extent by both indexes (Gini and GDPpc). The combined effects of gender, cohort and geographical differences on self-rated health have to be taken into account to figure out public health policies.

scholarly journals The gender differences in highly paid wage: a case study of Peruvian physicians

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elard Amaya ◽  
Benoît Mougenot
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Female Physicians ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Monthly Earning

Abstract: In recent decades, the number of women pursuing careers in health has significantly increased. However, the physician labor market is still characterized by gender differences regarding payment. Using a nationally representative Peruvian sample of health providers (3,219 male and 1,063 female physicians), we estimated the gender gap in the likelihood of earning high wages for physicians and decomposed this gap in a proportion related to differences in individual characteristics (e.g. specialty, labor experience), and a residual proportion related to differences in returns to these characteristics. Our main results reveal that male physicians have on average an 81% higher likelihood of earning high salaries (monthly earning level > 5,000 PEN) relative to their female counterparts. Further, the main proportion of this gap is associated to the unexplained component (among 57% and 77%, according to the model specification), which may be associated to unobservable characteristics and discrimination in the Peruvian labor market.

scholarly journals Formal and informal care for people with dementia: variations in costs over time

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUSTINE SCHNEIDER ◽  
ANGELA HALLAM ◽  
M. KAMRUL ISLAM ◽  
JOANNA MURRAY ◽  
BETH FOLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Formal Service ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Formal Services ◽  
Over Time

The services used by people with dementia and their carers were measured at three time points over 17 months. This analysis is unusual in that both informal care and formal inputs were costed. The costs estimates for informal inputs developed here may be applied to other data sets. Two hypotheses to explain the inter-relationship between informal and formal care inputs, substitution and supplementation, were compared in analysing the data. This paper explores the variations in costs according to the living arrangements of the people with dementia, by level of dependency and over time, and finds systematic differences. The costs of the inputs from co-resident carers consistently exceeded the costs of formal services, with informal care constituting up to 40 per cent of the total costs burden for dementia care. When informal inputs were included, non-domestic residential care emerged as less, not more, costly than care in the community. There was a shift in costs burden from health services to social services over time as more people moved into non-domestic settings. Multivariate analyses identified several predictors of informal and formal care costs: physical disability, level of cognitive impairment, living in non-domestic settings, and formal care provided. Non-domestic care predicted lower inputs of both formal and informal services. Dementia level was positively associated with informal inputs. Physical frailty was associated with more formal care, but less informal care. More formal service inputs predicted higher informal care inputs. There is evidence of supplementation of informal care by formal services in the early stages of care, followed by substitution as the person with dementia enters residential care.

scholarly journals Is the Availability of Informal Care Associated with a Lower Uptake in Formal Home Care? An Application to Personal Care in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Daisy Duell ◽  
Marielle Non ◽  
Anne Marieke Braam ◽  
Lara Leloup ◽  
France Portrait
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Personal Care

scholarly journals Assessing and decomposing gender differences in evaluative and emotional well-being among older adults in the developing world

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémence Kieny ◽  
Gabriela Flores ◽  
Jürgen Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Life Circumstances

Abstract Using data from the World Health Organization’s Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE), we evaluate the relationship between gender and several measures of subjective well-being among older adults in developing countries. Furthermore, we contrast the partial associations of gender with these well-being measures when controlling only for age (age-adjusted analyses) with the corresponding partial associations when including individual characteristics and life circumstances as controls (multivariable-adjusted analyses). While age-adjusted analyses reveal that older women have lower levels of evaluative well-being than older men, multivariable-adjusted analyses show that - given similar life circumstances - they have equal or slightly higher evaluative well-being. This suggests that the gender gap in evaluative well-being may be explained by less favorable life circumstances of older women. Age-adjusted results also show that older women tend to have lower levels of emotional well-being. However, we find no reversal, but merely an attenuation of these gender differences in emotional well-being when controlling for additional individual characteristics and life circumstances. Finally, we perform Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions to disaggregate the gender gaps in well-being into explained parts - attributable to gender differences in individual characteristics and life circumstances - and unexplained parts - related to gender differences in the association between life circumstances and subjective well-being. These results further corroborate our findings that women tend to be disadvantaged in terms of both evaluative and emotional well-being, and that this disadvantage is mostly driven by observable factors related to the explained part of the decomposition, such as gender differences in socio-economic status and health.

Family Care Experience in a Decentralized Social Home Care Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-511
Author(s):  
Valentina Hlebec
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Informal Carer ◽  
Financial Contribution ◽  
Care Experience ◽  
Care Givers

This survey analyses the scope and intensity of informal care for the elderly residing in their homes in Slovenia and their determinants: the residing municipality of the care recipient, geographical distance between the informal carer and the care recipient, to the care recipients’ and the care givers’ individual characteristics. With the increasing private out-of-pocket financial contribution, which is determined by municipality, the scope and intensity of informal care shows a significant increase as shown by regression analysis. Inter-municipal cooperation and the introduction of gradual private financial contribution are proposed as tools for improving accessibility of social home care in Slovenia.

scholarly journals Influence of Contextual and Organisational Factors on Combining Informal and Formal Care for Older People. Slovenian Case

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Hlebec ◽  
Masa Filipovic Hrast
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Older People ◽  
Informal Care ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
National Studies ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
Organisational Factors

The need and availability of informal carers are the most important determinants of care arrangements for older people requiring care. In the present study, we focus on the role of predisposing, enabling factors as well as need in predicting the distribution of care arrangements of social home care users in Slovenia. We not only included individual factors but also community factors and, even more importantly, we addressed the organisational factors which have an effect on formal care usage. In a case study in Slovenia we showed that, apart from need for and availability of an informal care network, which were the strongest predictors of care arrangements (no care, informal care only, formal care only, mixed care) across the activities of daily living, organisational factors such as the temporal availability of social home care and the number of users were the second most important predictors of care arrangements of social home care users. The implications for the conceptual framework for studying care arrangements within national studies as well as in cross-national studies are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document