GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED NEGATIVE BINOMIAL REGRESSION UNTUK MENANGANI OVERDISPERSI PADA JUMLAH PENDUDUK MISKIN

Poverty is a condition that is often associated with needs, difficulties an deficiencies in various life circumstances. The number of poor people in Indonesia increase in 2020. This research focus on modelling the number of poor people in Indonesia using Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression (GWNBR) method. The number of poor people is count data, so analysis used to model the count data is poisson regression. If there is overdispersion, it can be overcome using negative binomial regression. Meanwhile to see the spatial effect, we can use the Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression method. GWNBR uses a adaptive bisquare kernel for weighting function. GWNBR is better at modelling the number of poor people because it has the smallest AIC value than poisson regression and negative binomial regression. While the GWNBR method obtained 13 groups of province based on significant variables.

KONSTRUKTIVISTIČKI PRISTUP UČENJU DECE PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA

Constructivism, as a theory about learning and knowledge, is the subject of a large number of both theoretical and empirical researches. Views on the values of constructivism range from advocacy to refutation. What is characteristic of modern educational policy is the focus on productivity, activity and knowledge that will be applicable in real life circumstances. The basic idea of constructivism is based on these assumptions. In this paper, we deal with the question of why this approach is extremely important in early childhood. The preschool period is one of the most sensitive periods in development. It is characterized by numerous regularities and specifics, which should be followed within every program intended for the upbringing and education of children in the preschool period. Preschool children are characterized by curiosity, desire to learn, activity but also short-term maintenance of intentional attention, rapid fatigue and loss of interest in things that are familiar to them. Therefore, the constructivist approach in this period is very suitable, because it does not insist on imposing certain knowledge, but suggests an activity based on interests. The modern preschool institution has the task of providing children with a favorable social and material environment that will encourage development through activity and gaining experience and thus support the realization of their potential. Keywords: constructivism, preschool education, active learning.

Alexander Ostrovsky vis-a-vis Fyodor Dostoevsky: the omedy “Rich Brides” and the novel “The Idiot”

The comedy “Rich Brides” by Alexander Ostrovsky and the novel “The Idiot” by Fyodor Dostoevsky are close in staging the main plot move – the fate of a woman who sinned due to life circumstances. The main characters of both works fell victims to wealthy patrons who were going to marry them off. They have different personalities, and the heroine of “Rich Brides” Valentina Belyosova, unlike Fyodor Dostoevsky's heroine Nastasya Barashkova, at first glance seems frivolous, but the women, being accused of immorality, transformed, as female pride and a desire to defend themselves awakened in them. Impressed by Yuriy Tsyplunov's bitter emotional accusations, Valentina Belyosova is imbued with respect for him and even confesses her love. The characters in “Rich Brides” are melodramatic and comic with unexpected turns of events. Alexander Ostrovsky does not parody or imitate the author of the novel “The Idiot”, but the metamorphosis that occurred in the feelings and behaviour of Valentina Belyosova (partly in Yuriy Tsyplunov) testifies to the playwright's ability to portray complex characters, which brings his talent closer to Fyodor Dostoevsky's ability to artistically represent the dialectic of personality.

LOGIC AND POETRY: THE CONTIGUITY OF THE CREATIVE WORLDS OF N. A. VASILIEV IN THE BACKGROUND OF LIFE CIRCUMSTANCES

The complexity of the structure and the varieties of the shades of the theme of the relationship between scientific and artistic creativity presented by us in the article the amazing “destiny of ideas” within the framework of modern – non-classical (non-aristotelian) logic. Nikolai Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1880-1940) was a versatile personality, but two aspects of his work deserve special attention – the poetry in the style of symbolism, which he was engaged in his youth, and the logical studies that allow him to be considered one of the founders of non-classical logic. Despite the difference in the degree of significance of the N. Vasiliev’s poetic and logical heritage, it is easy to see that it is in the poetry that the future logical ideas are first formed. The otherworld, the imaginary worlds are a characteristic feature of the poetry of symbolism. The creative collision of N. Vasiliev lies in the fact that in his case the poet anticipates logician. In the article “Logic and Metalogic” he declares that the classical (aristotelian) logic is not the only one, that the types of reasoning and argumentation, that is, the logical systems depend on the different preconditions. These preconditions are associated with those diverse worlds, with those different realities on which the reasoning is superimposed. The cognitive construct playing the role of “reality” loses its the status of the invariant for various logics, it can vary, which does not mean the loss of the unity of the foundations of rationality, on the contrary, it is the acquisition of the arsenal of the intellectual tools with rich possibilities for constructing a variety of rational interpretations. The life of N. Vasiliev turned out to be full of the unfinished projects, the troubles, because of its inconsistency, it looks tragic. But it was the logical ideas ahead of their time, among which the idea of the possibility strictly logically, and therefore non-contradictory to think contradictory worlds, gave N. Vasiliev the “registrate in eternity”.

RESEARCH OF POLYVECTOR ACTIVITY OF THE CENTER OF SOCIAL SERVICES FOR THE FAMILY, CHILDREN AND YOUTH AS A SUBJECT OF SOCIAL WORK

The socio-economic development of Ukraine is accompanied by a number of contradictions and difficulties, involving the displays of social policy mechanisms to protect and support people in difficult life circumstances. The complex work is to become an effective tool for the implementation of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens of Ukraine in terms of social security. The purpose of the study − to highlight the structural elements of the system of social services of Ukraine, in particular, the centers of social services for families, children and youth as a center for social work implementation. Another task – to prove the validity of the Center’s multi-vector activities by analyzing the documents of the Khmelnytskyi City Center for Social Services for Families, Children and Youth. Social services are differentiated as a form of social work of the network of social work bodies, whose professional activity is aimed at implementing the state social policy for socially vulnerable groups of people to support their livelihoods. Based on practical data, we emphasized the effectiveness of multidisciplinary work of social workers in the application of an interdisciplinary form of work, helping individuals to overcome difficult life circumstances. A number of institutions (Khmelnytskyi City Center for Work with Children and Adolescents at the place of residence, Khmelnytskyi City District Department of the State Institution «Probation Center», Khmelnytskyi City Employment Center, Juvenile Prevention Department of the Headquarters of the National Police of Khmelnytskyi region, Remand Prison, the Service for Children of the Khmelnytskyi City Council) habe been characterised, which make up the system of social services, the Center for Social Services for Families, Children and Youth including (example of Khmelnytskyi). The areas of work (individual and group counseling, informational and educational work in educational institutions, social and preventive work with different categories of clients, psychological and motivational work, social support, advertising and information activities in the social sphere) have been disclosed proving the sufficiently high level of efficiency of institution polyvector activity.

Exploring how veterinary professionals perceive and use grief support resources to support companion animal caregivers in Ontario, Canada

Objective: The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore veterinary professionals’ use and perceptions of grief resources and services to support companion animal caregivers following companion animal euthanasia. Background: The loss of a companion animal can be a source of great sorrow and grief. Like human loss, many companion animal caregivers may seek out and benefit from grief resources, of which veterinary professionals are often important providers. Yet, little is known about how, when or for what reasons veterinary professionals provide these resources. Methods: A qualitative study consisting of group and individual interviews involving 38 veterinary professionals and staff from 10 veterinary hospitals in Ontario, Canada was conducted. Verbatim transcripts were evaluated using inductive thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes. Results: Results indicated that typically resources were only provided if a caregiver requested information, or when veterinary professionals recognised that the caregiver may benefit from these resources. To assess a caregiver’s need, participants reported considering their age, the strength of the human-animal bond, their previous and ongoing life circumstances, and their emotional state. Several barriers limiting veterinary professionals’ use of grief resources were also described including perceptions that few adequate resources existed and a lack of knowledge of existing or new resources. Conclusion: Overall, findings suggest that there are substantial opportunities to improve and embed a provision of grief resources within the veterinary profession. There is a need to develop adequate resources to meet caregivers’ supportive needs and implement these resources within the greater veterinary profession.

Differentiated Embedding and Social Relationships Among Russian Migrant Physicians in Finland: A Narrative Socio‐Analysis

Migrants’ processes of (dis)embedding in local and transnational social networks have received growing attention in recent years, but most research focuses on low‐skilled migration. This study explores the affordances and challenges that Russian physicians, as a high‐skilled migrant group in Finland, experience in these processes in work and non‐work domains. Based on semi‐structured biographical interviews with 26 Russian physicians, the study employs Bourdieu’s socio‐analysis to analyze their narratives. The results reveal that Russian migrant physicians negotiate and experience differentiated embedding across work–life domains in local and transnational contexts. They mostly develop collegial relationships with Finnish colleagues and benefit from fulfilling professional relationships in the work domain. However, alongside time and efforts needed for building social ties, various factors often impede friendship making and socialization with locals beyond the work domain. These physicians cope with individual life circumstances through their enduring and supportive relationships with their Russian relatives and colleagues–friends. These results indicate that high‐skilled migrants have a greater opportunity to connect professionally with locals than low‐skilled migrants, but experience similar challenges to the latter in building close personal relationships.

Early-Life Circumstances and Racial Disparities in Cognition among US Older Adults

ImportanceExisting studies concentrate on exploring mid-life to late-life risk factors on racial disparities in cognition. Given the critical role of neurocognitive development in early life, understanding contributions of early-life circumstances has important implications for early-stage interventions.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between early-life circumstances and racial disparities in cognition, and to determine their overall and respective contributions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe assembled three analytic samples from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (1995-2018), a nationally representative longitudinal survey of Americans 50 years or older. 17,092 participants, with 13,907 identifying as non-Hispanic White (White) and 3,185 as non-Hispanic Black (Black), were included in the Core sample. The Trauma and PGS samples respectively included 6,533 participants (5,696 White, 837 Black) and 5,532 participants (4,893 White, 639 Black).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were cognitive score and cognitive impairment, as assessed by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS). We used the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition (BOD) to evaluate disparities in cognitive outcomes between White and Black participants attributable to differences in early-life circumstances.ResultsAmong all White and Black participants at initial survey, their respective average age were 58.1 (95% CI, 58.0-58.3) years and 55.8 (95% CI, 55.5-56.0) years; their respective average cognitive score were 17.3 (95% CI, 17.2-17.3) points and 14.6 (95% CI, 14.4-14.7) points; and their respective proportion with cognitive impairment were 7.2 (95% CI, 6.8-7.6) percentage points (pp) and 22.9 (95% CI, 21.5-24.4) pp. Across three analytic samples, overall differences in early-life circumstances respectively explained 23.5%–40.4% and 33.8%–65.3% of the racial gaps in cognitive score and proportion of cognitive impairment between White and Black participants. Difference in educational attainment contributed the most. In the Trauma sample, for example, years of education explained 3.1 (95% CI, 1.9-4.3) pp or 18.6% of the racial gap in proportion of cognitive impairment using the baseline assessment, and 3.3 (95% CI, 2.0-4.5) pp or 26.9% using the latest assessment. Additional early-life contributors included educational environments (e.g., ownership of books, parental education, time spent with mothers) and socioeconomic status (e.g., financial difficulty). However, childhood trauma and selected genetic factors were not significant contributors.Conclusions and RelevanceLess favorable early-life circumstances are associated with clinically meaningful and statistically significant racial gaps in cognition.Key PointsQuestionsHow much do differences in early-life circumstances explain late-life disparities in cognitive outcomes between non-Hispanic Black (Black) and non-Hispanic White (White) older adults? What are the key early-life contributors to these racial disparities?FindingsEarly-life circumstances contribute substantially to racial disparities in cognitive outcomes over age 50. Educational attainment and early-life educational environment are the most important contributors, even after accounting for a rich set of other early-life socioeconomic, demographic, health, traumatic, and genetic factors.MeaningExposure to less favorable early-life circumstances for Black than White adults was associated with large racial gaps in cognitive outcomes.

Emotional Intelligence Contributes to the Feeling of Self-Realization: A Case of Russian Young Adults

Introduction. Young adults compose one of the most dynamic social groups, sensitive to changes. Dependent on various personal characteristics and life circumstances, this sensitivity could lead either to successful social adaptation and subsequent life satisfaction or trigger dysfunctional behaviours and psychological maladaptation. Young adults often face the contradiction between profound need for self-realization and limited capacity for achieving it and need psychological resources to overcome this challenge. This study takes to the next new level empirical exploration of the role emotional intelligence plays in shaping self-realization in young adults. Methods. The sample of study participants included full- (N = 52) and part-time (N = 60) university students. They completed demographic forms, Multidimensional Questionnaire on Personality Self-Realization – personal, professional, and social, and the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. Correlational and regression analyses were employed for data processing. Results. Participants’ age, especially in conjunction with the part-time working status was negatively correlated with all three types of self-realization, Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the general factor of emotional intelligence significantly contributed to self-realization (p < 0.01). Furthermore, its interpersonal component was the strongest predictor, uniquely contributing from 7 % to 16% of explained variability in the criterion variables. Discussion. The findings indicate that emotional intelligence is a strong adaptive factor capable of compensating for the negative influence of challenging changes in life circumstances. Implications for further research and applied practice of psychological aid for young adults in their transition from educational to working environments are considered and discussed.

Association of Early-Life Family and Nieghborhood Circumstances With Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Older Adults

A growing body of literature suggests that early life circumstances can influence mental health throughout the lifespan. However, how these early life circumstances cumulatively contribute to depression in old age is not completely understood. The present study examined the associations of eight factors representing multifaceted early life experience at individual, family, and community levels with depression among community-dwelling older adults. Data were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We included 8,239 community-dwelling individuals who were ≥60 years, completed the life history questionnaire, and had assessment of depression. Chi-square test was used to examine the unadjusted associations between each of the eight early life risk factors and depression. An early life disadvantage index was established using risk factors that were significantly associated with depression. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of each early life risk factor and the index with depression. Of 8,239 individuals included, 2,055 (24.9%) had depression. In bivariate analysis, each of eight early life risk factors was significantly associated with depression. Except for maternal and paternal education, all risk factors persisted to be associated with depression after multivariable adjustment. In the multivariable-adjusted model, a one-point higher in the early life disadvantage index (range: 0-6) was associated with a 45% (95% CI: 37%, 53%) higher odds of depression. There was a strong association between early life environments and depressive symptoms among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Adverse early life circumstances could contribute cumulatively to depression in old age.