scholarly journals IS THE PATH EASIER ON THE BRIGHTER SIDE? OPTIMISM AND DAILY STRESS PROCESSES ACROSS 16 YEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S813-S813
Author(s):  
Lewina O Lee ◽  
Avron Spiro ◽  
Daniel K Mroczek ◽  
Laura D Kubzansky
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Diary Studies ◽  
Daily Diary Studies

Abstract Accumulating evidence supports optimism as a health asset, yet little is known about underlying pathways. This study evaluates the long-term influence of optimism on exposure and affective reactivity to daily stressors. The sample comprised 233 community-dwelling men who completed a validated measure of optimism in 1986 (age: M=59, SD=6), and participated in up to three 8-day daily diary studies between 2002-10. Daily stressor occurrence, end-of-day positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) were assessed nightly in the diary studies. Results from multilevel structural equation modeling showed that optimism was unrelated to affective stress reactivity. However, higher optimism preceded lower overall NA and higher overall PA. Lower daily stressor exposure mediated the association from optimism to lower NA (indirect effect: B=-0.26, 95% Bayesian CI: -0.48, -0.09), but it did not account for the optimism-PA association. Our findings add to knowledge on pathways by which optimism promotes affective well-being in old age.

scholarly journals Integrating state dynamics and trait change: A tutorial using the example of stress reactivity and change in well-being

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110140
Author(s):  
Annette Brose ◽  
Andreas Benjamin Neubauer ◽  
Florian Schmiedek
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Term Change ◽  
One Step ◽  
As Stress

Recent theoretical accounts on the causes of trait change emphasize the potential relevance of states. In the same vein, reactions to daily stress have been shown to prospectively predict change in well-being, speaking for the proposition that state dynamics can be a precursor to long-term change in more stable individual-differences characteristics. A common analysis approach towards linking state dynamics such as stress reactivity and change in some more stable individual differences characteristic has been a two-step approach, modeling state dynamics and trait change separately. In this paper, we elaborate on one-step procedures to simultaneously model state dynamics and trait change, realized in the multilevel structural equation modeling framework. We highlight three distinct advantages over the two-step approach which pre-exists in the methodological literature, and we disseminate these advantages to a larger audience. We target a readership of substantive researchers interested in the relationships between state dynamics and traits or trait change, and we provide them with a tutorial style paper on state-of-the-art methods on these topics.

Discretionary HR practices and employee well-being

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Trong Luu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hr Practices

Purpose The more HRM systems invest in employees’ work life and career growth beyond legal requirements, the happier employees are. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of discretionary HR practices in promoting employee well-being as well as mechanisms underlying this effect. Design/methodology/approach The participants for the study came from retail shops of a large information technology company in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The data set collected from these participants was analyzed through multilevel structural equation modeling and bootstrapping methods. Findings The results of this study provided empirical support for the relationships between discretionary HR practices and the psychological, physical and social dimensions of employee well-being. Job crafting was found to serve as a mediator for these relationships. Abusive supervision played a role in attenuating the effects of discretionary HR practices on the dimensions of employee well-being as well as job crafting. Originality/value This inquiry extends the research stream on the HRM-employee well-being relationship by examining the predictive role of discretionary HR practices.

How salespersons induce trust between consumers and retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1104-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molka Abbes ◽  
Alain Goudey
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Managerial Level

Purpose – Although there is existing research investigating trust itself, there is a need for research on the concept of trust, specifically in retail environments. The purpose of this paper is to identify specific the dimensions of the concept of trust with retailing and to note impactful antecedents as activators for managers to secure long-term business. Design/methodology/approach – The authors propose a multi-dimensional measurement scale of trust that is examined through a structural equation modeling the connections between the determinants of the concept and its various features. Findings – This research has identified two new key dimensions for trust, specific to the well-being retailing context: customer/salesperson relationship and customer/sales environment relationship. Hence, this research primarily highlights the role of the salesperson and advice in establishing and sustaining the customer-retailer trust relationship. Practical implications – On the managerial level, this research helps further an advanced relational approach in the area of consumer product distribution by paying particular attention to building and developing a trust-based relationship. This research may serve as a “handbook” for any retailer looking to establish and sustain a durable relationship with their customers. Originality/value – The paper adapts the concept of trust in the specific context of brick-and-mortar retailing and tests it thanks to a quantitative study in the field of well-being retailing. The paper uses empirical data to establish original indications regarding: new relevant dimensions for trust in a retailing context that could be used by shop managers to develop a better comprehension of trust and impactful antecedents of trust in a retailing context that could be activated by shop managers to enhance trust regarding their shops.

scholarly journals Availability, Use, and Cultivation of Support Networks as Predictors of the Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Chinese: A Panel Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Ming Lin Chong ◽  
Chau-kiu Cheung ◽  
Jean Woo ◽  
Alex Yui-Huen Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To examine the impact of the availability, use, and cultivation of a support network on the well-being of community-dwelling, middle-aged, and older Chinese.Methods. A total of 2,970 Hong Kong Chinese aged 40–74 years were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in 2004. Out of the original group of interviewees, 2,120 (71.4%) were interviewed again in 2005.Results. Structural equation modeling revealed a good fit of the model employing Wave 1 support network data and demographic characteristics to predict Wave 2 well-being. As hypothesized, the availability of important social ties and the cultivation of one’s support networks were found to predict well-being one year later, but not the use of support networks to meet emotional, financial, or companion needs after controlling for demographic variables and baseline well-being.Discussion. Cultivating support networks can be interpreted as positive and active coping. Such cultivation is in line with what socioemotional selectivity theory predicts; specifically, when people age, they become more selective and concentrate on strengthening their relationship with those they are emotionally close to. We argue that network cultivation deserves more attention in theory, practice, and research to strengthen the resilience and adaptability of individuals approaching and experiencing old age.

scholarly journals How Within-Person Effects Shape Between-Person Differences: A Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas B. Neubauer ◽  
Annette Brose ◽  
Florian Schmiedek
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
Diary Studies ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation

Various theoretical accounts suggest that within-person effects relating to everyday experiences (assessed, e.g., via experience sampling studies or daily diary studies) are a central element for understanding between-person differences in future outcomes. In this regard, it is often assumed that the within-person effect of a time-varying predictor X on a time-varying mediator M contributes to the long-term development in an outcome variable Y. In the present work, we demonstrate that traditional multilevel mediation approaches fall short in capturing the proposed mechanism in various settings, however. We suggest that a model in which between-person differences in the strength of within-person effects predict the outcome Y mediated via mean levels in M more adequately aligns with the presumed theoretical account that within-person effects shape between-person differences. Using simulated data, we show that the central parameters of this multilevel structural equation model can be recovered well in most of the investigated scenarios. Our approach has important implications for whether or not to control for mean levels in models with within-person effects as predictors, as shown by various biases in misspecified models in the simulated data. We illustrate the model using empirical data targeting the question if the within-person association of occurrence of daily stressors (X) with daily experiences of negative affect (M) longitudinally predicts between-person difference in change in depressive symptoms (Y). Implications for other multilevel designs and intervention studies are discussed.

scholarly journals From Happiness Orientations to Work Performance: The Mediating Role of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Experiences

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5002 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Peiró ◽  
Malgorzata W. Kozusznik ◽  
Aida Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation ◽  
Eudaimonic Happiness

In organizations, psychologists have often tried to promote employees’ well-being and performance, and this can be achieved through different pathways. The happy-productive worker thesis states that ‘happy’ workers perform better than ‘unhappy’ ones. However, most studies have focused on hedonic well-being at the expense of the person’s eudaimonic experience. This study examines whether orientations to happiness (i.e., life of pleasure/meaning) are related to hedonic (i.e., perception of comfort) and eudaimonic (i.e., activity worthwhileness) experiences that, in turn, improve performance. We applied multilevel structural equation modeling to diary data (68 office workers; n = 471 timepoints). We obtained significant effects of: life of pleasure on self-rated performance through activity worthwhileness, life of meaning on performance (self-rated, rated by the supervisor) through activity worthwhileness, and life of meaning on performance rated by the supervisor through perception of comfort. Results show more significant paths from/or through eudaimonia to performance than from/or through hedonia. The results suggest that the pursuit and/or experience of eudaimonic happiness is more beneficial for work performance than the pursuit and/or experience of hedonic happiness. Theoretical and practical implications for organizations are discussed.

Between Childhood Maltreatment and Shame

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Talmon ◽  
Karni Ginzburg
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Self Objectification ◽  
Sense Of Shame

One of the most devastating long-term outcomes of childhood maltreatment is a sense of shame, which is connected to distress and reduced well-being. The aim of the current study was to examine a dual-path model and to test the relations between childhood maltreatment, shame, and well-being as mediated by both self-objectification and a sense of disrupted body boundaries among 531 female college/university students living in Israel. Results from the structural equation modeling analyses indicated that both self-objectification and disrupted body boundaries significantly mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and sense of shame. In addition, both were associated with reduced levels of well-being, through the mediating role of shame. Finally, we discuss the role these paths may play in the detrimental long-term effects of childhood maltreatment and how they may be targeted in clinical interventions for adult survivors.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Control: Investigating the Effect of Control Diversity on Subjective Well-Being in Later Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 614-614
Author(s):  
Ajit Mann ◽  
Jeanne Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Recent advancements in research on control beliefs have enabled the assessment of inter-individual differences in its intra-individual variability via a measure of control diversity. However, past research has focused on control diversity in relation to daily stressors. Among a sample of prosocial exemplars, this experience sampling study investigates control diversity across general daily activities and explores its relationship with subjective well-being. Participants indicated the activity they were primarily involved in, the extent to which they felt in control over the situation, and levels of positive and negative affect each time they were signaled; satisfaction with life was measured using a one-time survey at the end of the study. Results from multilevel structural equation modeling suggested that control diversity did not significantly predict positive or negative affect, or satisfaction with life. The study points toward the lack of association between control diversity and subjective well-being and highlights future directions for research.

Relationships Between Bidirectional Work-Family Interactions and Psychological Well-Being

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Chao Zhang ◽  
Oi Ling Siu ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Weiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Direct Model ◽  
Work Family

This study investigated the direct, reversed, and reciprocal relationships between bidirectional work-family conflict/work-family facilitation and psychological well-being (PWB). We administered a three-wave questionnaire survey to 260 married Chinese employees using a time lag of one month. Cross-lagged structural equation modeling analysis was conducted and demonstrated that the direct model was better than the reversed causal or the reciprocal model. Specifically, work-to-family conflict at Time 1 negatively predicted PWB at Time 2, and work-to-family conflict at Time 2 negatively predicted PWB at Time 3; further, work-to-family facilitation at Time 1 positively predicted PWB at Time 2. In addition, family-to-work facilitation at Time 1 positively predicted PWB at Time 2, and family-to-work conflict at Time 2 negatively predicted PWB at Time 3.

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