scholarly journals PSYCHOSOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AMONG MEXICAN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S869-S870
Author(s):  
L Paige B Downer ◽  
Rebeca Wong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Mexican Adults

Abstract The incidence of mental health problems, specifically depression, are increasing among older adults. Previous research identified psychosocial characteristics related to mental resiliency, such as increased conscientiousness and internal locus of control, as contributing to improved health behaviors and better physical and mental health outcomes. This study identifies the association between these psychosocial traits and depressive symptomatology among Mexican adults aged 50 and older using Wave 4 of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (2015). We hypothesize that psychosocially ‘strong’ older Mexican adults, those with higher levels of conscientiousness and an internal locus of control, will report fewer depressive symptoms; we theorize that gender moderates this relationship. Older Mexican adults’ mental health status was measured through depressive symptomatology using a 9-item version of the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Conscientiousness was measured using a 6-item sub-dimension of the “Big 5” personality scale. Locus of control was measured using an 8-item scale adapted from Rotter (1966). Multivariable linear regression was performed and adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics and comorbid chronic health conditions. Depressive symptoms were lower with higher age and formal education; however, older adults in rural environments who are divorced/separated or widowed exhibit higher depressive symptoms. The association between conscientiousness and depressive symptoms differed by gender. Locus of control and conscientiousness influenced depressive symptomatology in men, however, only conscientiousness impacted women’s depressive symptoms. Continued research is needed to assess psychosocial changes over the life-course as they contribute to resilience from adverse life-events that influence mental health in old age.

scholarly journals Association of Social Relationships and Depression Among Older Mexican Adults: Does a Rural or Urban Context Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 505-505
Author(s):  
Paige Downer ◽  
Rebeca Wong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Mexican Adults

Abstract Social characteristics such as strong community and family ties have been associated with positive mental health outcomes in older adults. However, this evidence is based primarily on non-Hispanic White populations and may vary according to living in a rural versus urban community. We hypothesize that the positive impact of available social networks, perceived support, and social participation on older Mexican adults’ likelihood for high depressive symptoms (i.e., depression) will be greater for those living in rural (community < 2,500 people) than urban communities. Data came from the 2012 Wave of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Depressive symptoms were measured using a 9-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Social participation is the respondent’s self-reported participation in hobbies, religious activities, volunteering, and visits with neighbors. Available social network is measured as having relatives and/or good friends living in the neighborhood. Perceived support is the respondent’s perception of friends/family’s willingness to help with finances and personal care. The final sample of 6,266 respondents was majority (62.4%) female, mean age of 69 years, 17.8% lived in a rural community, and 34.5% with depression. Logistic regression models stratified by rural/urban indicated that available social network and perceived social support were not associated with depression in rural or urban communities. In general, the social participation activities were associated with significantly lower odds of depression for older adults living in urban but not rural communities. This research highlights the influence of older adults’ community on their social relationships and mental health.

scholarly journals Does Cognitive Training Improve Internal Locus of Control Among Older Adults?

2009 ◽  
Vol 65B (5) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Wolinsky ◽  
M. W. Vander Weg ◽  
R. Martin ◽  
F. W. Unverzagt ◽  
S. L. Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control

scholarly journals Time Use, Gender, and Mental Health of Older Adults in Rural China

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 863-863
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Lin ◽  
Feinian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Socially Isolated

Abstract Time use is considered a valuable descriptor of people’s lifestyles, and studying how people spend their time is critical for understanding the determinants and consequences of individual well-being. In this study, we first develop a time use typology to characterize how older adults in rural Chinese families allocate their time in later life, and then examined how older adults’ time allocation influenced their mental health, with a special focus on differential implications for older women and men. Data derived from 2015 and 2018 waves of a longitudinal study of 1,007 older adults, aged 60 and older, living in rural areas of Anhui Province, China. We specifically focused on how social and solitary dimensions of time use, as well as time spent within and outside households, impacted depressive symptoms of older adults. Using the K-means cluster analysis, we identified four time use categories: “work-oriented,” “socially-active,” “homemaker/ caretaker,” and “socially-isolated.” Results from fixed-effects regression analysis demonstrated that older women involved in “socially-active” time-use category tended to report better mental than those in other time-use types, while the time spent on housework and caregiving was harmful to their mental health. For older men, more time spent on paid activities outside households (“work-oriented”) was associated with better psychological outcomes while solitary leisure time (“socially-isolated”) was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. These findings will be helpful for health policymakers and practitioners who seek to better identify vulnerable subpopulations and to design effective intervention strategies to reduce mental health problems.

scholarly journals Factors related to depression in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in two coastal regions of Peru: An analytical cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 958
Author(s):  
Elena de Jesús Quispe Sáenz ◽  
José Fernando Salvador-Carrillo ◽  
ORIANA RIVERA-LOZADA ◽  
CESAR ANTONIO BONILLA ASALDE
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recreational Activities

Background: Mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and their aggravation have been studied extensively in the general population. However, there are few studies on depression in older adults and the few existing results may be contradictory, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with depression in older adults in two coastal regions of Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study uses an analytical cross-sectional design in a population of older adults, who participated in a non-governmental ambulatory social support program in Callao and Ica, two coastal regions of Peru. We administered an on-site structured questionnaire to record sociodemographic data, the Geriatric Depression Scale by Yesavage to measure depression, and the Barthel Index to assess physical function. In order to determine cognitive impairment as an exclusion criterion, the MEC-30 was used. The association between variables was assessed through contingency tables, using the odds ratio (OR) with its corresponding confidence interval (95% CI) and the X2 test. Finally, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Out of the 244 older adults surveyed, 39% had depressive symptoms, of which 28.3% (n=69) and 10.7% (n=26) were moderately and severely depressive, respectively. The findings significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms were being 76 years old or older [p=0.005, OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.29-4.20], not participating in weekly recreational activities [p=0.004, OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.31-3.99] and the presence of comorbidities [p=0.026, OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.07-3.29]. Conclusion: There are few studies exploring depression in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic; this research shows the importance of mental health care in this population and, particularly, of those who are 76 or older because they suffer from comorbid conditions and have interrupted recreational activities.

scholarly journals Internal Locus of Control and Sense of Coherence Decrease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of Students and Professionals in Social Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Misamer ◽  
Jörg Signerski-Krieger ◽  
Claudia Bartels ◽  
Michael Belz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
The Impact

Mental health is severely challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic due to a variety of restrictions in public and private life. Students in particular may face additional and unique stressors: face-to-face classes have been largely replaced by digital formats, leading to further reduced social contacts, thus facilitating the development of psychological symptoms. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of the current peri-pandemic situation on students’ 1) locus of control and 2) sense of coherence, both of which have been linked to mental health in previous work. A total of 403 social work students from Germany participated, providing both retrospective (pre-pandemic) and current (February/March 2021) ratings. Furthermore, 324 social work professionals were included to analyze differences between both groups. Locus of control shifted significantly from internal to external during the pandemic for students and professionals. Furthermore, high mental burden correlated with increased external and decreased internal locus of control. Sense of coherence decreased during the pandemic for the entire sample and correlated with high mental burden. Overall, students showed a stronger drop compared to professionals, primarily due to a more pronounced decrease in perceived meaningfulness (all p < 0.001). In summary, students and professionals responded with increased feelings of powerlessness in the absence of sufficient coping strategies—this could lead to further deterioration of mental health as the pandemic continues. In this context, students appear to be particularly vulnerable to a reduction in sense of coherence. We conclude that interventions to improve coping strategies are urgently needed.

Umgang mit illegalen Drogen im »bürgerlichen« Milieu: Zum Steuerungseinfluss formeller und informeller Sozialkontrolle – Erste Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Mann ◽  
Klaus Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Erste Ergebnisse

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse eines Pilotforschungsprojektes vorgestellt, dessen empirischer Fokus auf das in der bundesrepublikanischen Drogenforschungslandschaft weitgehend ausgesparte Feld eines sozial integrierten Umgangs mit illegalen Drogen in gesellschaftlich etablierten Sozialkontexten gerichtet ist. Besonderes Interesse gilt dem Vermittlungsgeschehen zwischen formeller und informeller sozialer Kontrolle: Wie geht der Einzelne mit konfligierenden Botschaften einer auf ein generelles Drogenverbot abgestellten Rechtssphäre und dem darauf abgestellten institutionellen Kontext strafrechtlicher und sozialmedizinischer Kontrolle einerseits und etwaigen gebrauchsmotivierenden Botschaften der Peer-Group, des Freundes- und Bekanntenkreises andererseits um? </P><P> Innerhalb der Pilotphase wurden 34 sozial integrierte Konsumenten diverser illegaler Drogen interviewt. Die Stichprobenbildung folgte der Methode des Snowball Samplings. Die bisherigen Beobachtungen lassen sich zu zwei für den weiteren Forschungsverlauf relevanten Arbeitshypothesen verdichten: <UL><LI>Der Drogenkonsum untersteht offenbar in der Selbstwahrnehmung im Sinne einer Selbstattribution einem ›internal locus of control‹. <LI>Auch wenn es trotz des bestehenden Drogenverbots zum Konsum illegaler Drogen kommt, scheint mit dem Verbotsstatus bestimmter Substanzen häufig ein informeller Kontrolleinfluss assoziiert, welcher Konsum regulierend unterhalb der Schwelle des generalpräventiven Anspruchs des BtMGs wirksam wird.</UL>

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