scholarly journals Three-dimensional Fréchet sensitivity kernels for electromagnetic wave propagation

2015 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Strickland ◽  
T.C. Johnson ◽  
R.I. Odom
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation ◽  
Three Dimensional

Constitutive relations in classical optics in terms of geometric algebra

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfas Dargys
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Vector Space ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Geometric Algebra ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Basis Vectors

To have a closed system, the Maxwell electromagnetic equations should be supplemented by constitutive relations which describe medium properties and connect primary fields (E, B) with secondary ones (D, H). J.W. Gibbs and O. Heaviside introduced the basis vectors {i, j, k} to represent the fields and constitutive relations in the three-dimensional vectorial space. In this paper the constitutive relations are presented in a form of Cl3,0 algebra which describes the vector space by three basis vectors {σ1, σ2, σ3} that satisfy Pauli commutation relations. It is shown that the classification of electromagnetic wave propagation phenomena with the help of constitutive relations in this case comes from the structure of Cl3,0 itself. Concrete expressions for classical constitutive relations are presented including electromagnetic wave propagation in a moving dielectric.

scholarly journals Elevated Duct Effects on Radar Ranges Using an Airborne Microwave Refractometer

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
SBSS Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Airborne Radar ◽  
Atmospheric Refraction ◽  
The Tropics

Anomalous distribution of humidity and temperature in the troposphere is responsible for significant changes in electromagnetic wave propagation and results in enhancement/degradation of radar ranges, elevation errors etc. The present investigation assesses atmospheric refraction effects in the tropics by producing radar ray traces which depict the path of the airborne radar rays using a three-dimensional ray tracing technique combined with the radio refractivity vertical profile derived using an airborne microwave refractometer. The radar rays at the target can be represented as a sum of normal modes and an assembly of rays reflected from the elevated ducts/layers. The radar range errors at small elevation angles are evaluated.

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