17. Personal Claims and Remedies

2019 ◽  
pp. 804-852
Author(s):  
Paul S Davies ◽  
Graham Virgo

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter considers the personal liability of trustees for breach of trust and studies proprietary remedies, which involve the claimant’s recovering particular property from the defendant, or obtaining a security interest in the defendant’s property. Proprietary remedies provide the crucial advantage of providing the claimant with priority over other creditors in the event of the defendant’s insolvency. Personal claims, by contrast, do not enjoy such priority over the claims of others. However, where the defendant is solvent and the property in question has fallen in value, a personal remedy for the value of the claimant’s loss or defendant’s gain may be preferable to a proprietary remedy. Personal remedies are also to be preferred when the property in which the claimant had a proprietary interest has been dissipated, because in such circumstances no proprietary remedy will be possible.

2021 ◽  
pp. 967-996
Author(s):  
Ben McFarlane ◽  
Nicholas Hopkins ◽  
Sarah Nield

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter reviews the use of land (or legal and equitable property rights relating to land) as security for the repayment of money by a borrower to a lender. It also describes charging orders, the use of which increases in the context of the recession. There are four types of security interest: the pledge; the lien; the mortgage; and the charge. The borrower holds the equity of redemption under a classic mortgage by conveyance or sub-demise, but its continued relevance under the predominant legal charge by way of mortgage is questionable. It is observed that the domestic lending market has seen the development of Islamic mortgages, the emergence of shared-ownership schemes, and equity release schemes.


Author(s):  
Ben McFarlane ◽  
Nicholas Hopkins ◽  
Sarah Nield

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter explores the defences against pre-existing property rights that are available to a purchaser of registered land. It is concerned with priority rules in registered land. The LRA 2002 offers a distinct set of priority rules for one category of transaction: a registrable disposition of a registered estate for valuable consideration. The chapter analyses the priority rules applicable to such transactions, including the effect of limitations on owner's powers, entry of a land registry notice and the category of ‘overriding interests’, in relation to which there is no defence. The chapter concludes by examining the policy of the LRA 2002 to transactions that are tainted by fraud or wrongdoing that is not such as to invalidate the transaction. Such transactions may result, under the general law, in the imposition of personal liability on the registered proprietor, or the creation of new direct rights in favour of a third party.


2021 ◽  
pp. 579-618
Author(s):  
Ben McFarlane ◽  
Nicholas Hopkins ◽  
Sarah Nield

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter explores the defences against pre-existing property rights that are available to a party who acquires for value and registers a right in registered land. The Land Registration Act 2002 (LRA 2002) offers a distinct set of priority rules for one category of transaction: a registrable disposition of a registered estate for valuable consideration. The chapter analyses the priority rules applicable to such transactions, including the effect of the entry of a land registry notice, the category of ‘overriding interests’ (property rights immune to a lack-of-registration defence), and limitations on the powers of a registered owner. The chapter concludes by examining the policy of the LRA 2002 to transactions that are tainted by fraud or wrongdoing that is not such as to invalidate the transaction. Such transactions may result, under the general law, in the creation of new direct rights which may, for example, impose personal liability on a registered party.


Land Law ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben McFarlane ◽  
Nicholas Hopkins ◽  
Sarah Nield

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter reviews the use of land (or legal and equitable property rights relating to land) as security for the repayment of money by a borrower to a lender. It also describes charging orders, the use of which increases in the context of the recession. There are four types of security interest: the pledge; the lien; the mortgage; and the charge. The borrower holds the equity of redemption under a classic mortgage by conveyance or sub-demise, but its continued relevance under the predominant legal charge by way of mortgage is questionable. It is observed that the domestic lending market has seen the development of Islamic mortgages, the emergence of shared-ownership schemes, and equity release schemes.


Author(s):  
Ben McFarlane ◽  
Nicholas Hopkins ◽  
Sarah Nield

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter reviews the use of land (or legal and equitable property rights relating to land) as security for the repayment of money by a borrower to a lender. It also describes the charging orders, where their use has increased in the context of the recession. There are four types of security interest: the pledge, the lien, the mortgage, and the charge. The borrower holds the equity of redemption under a classic mortgage by conveyance or sub-demise but its continued relevance under the predominant legal charge by way of mortgage is questionable. It is observed that the domestic lending market has seen the development of Islamic mortgages, the emergence of shared-ownership schemes, and equity release schemes.


Land Law ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben McFarlane ◽  
Nicholas Hopkins ◽  
Sarah Nield

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter explores the defences against pre-existing property rights that are available to a purchaser of registered land. It is concerned with priority rules in registered land. The LRA 2002 offers a distinct set of priority rules for one category of transaction: a registrable disposition of a registered estate for valuable consideration. The chapter analyses the priority rules applicable to such transactions, including the effect of the entry of a land registry notice, the category of ‘overriding interests’ (property rights immune to a lack of registration defence), and limitations on the powers of a registered owner. The chapter concludes by examining the policy of the LRA 2002 to transactions that are tainted by fraud or wrongdoing that is not such as to invalidate the transaction. Such transactions may result, under the general law, in the imposition of personal liability on the registered proprietor, or the creation of new direct rights in favour of a third party.


Derrida Today ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morris

Over the past thirty years, academic debate over pornography in the discourses of feminism and cultural studies has foundered on questions of the performative and of the word's definition. In the polylogue of Droit de regards, pornography is defined as la mise en vente that is taking place in the act of exegesis in progress. (Wills's idiomatic English translation includes an ‘it’ that is absent in the French original). The definition in Droit de regards alludes to the word's etymology (writing by or about prostitutes) but leaves the referent of the ‘sale’ suspended. Pornography as la mise en vente boldly restates the necessary iterability of the sign and anticipates two of Derrida's late arguments: that there is no ‘the’ body and that performatives may be powerless. Deriving a definition of pornography from a truncated etymology exemplifies the prosthesis of origin and challenges other critical discourses to explain how pornography can be understood as anything more than ‘putting (it) up for sale’.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 287-297
Author(s):  
Nita Triana

This article examines the execution of a security interest in Islamic banking in the Islamic economic disputes in  the  Purbalingga  Religious  Court. The case of non-performing loans in the world of Islamic banking is often the case, this was due to the debtor defaults. Mortgages used as collateral can be executed based on the decision of the Religious Court. The method used in this research is a kind of field research with the approach of Socio Legal Research, including in the realm of non-doctrinal study. The results show the execution of a security interest in dispute sharia economy in Purbalingga Religious Court has been run in accordance with the mandate of the Act: On the substance of the Implementation of the decision of execution is the end of a case that is the result of what is required by the plaintiff are determined in a court of Religion with using the guidelines do not separate from the disciplinary proceedings contained in HIR or Rbg. On the  Structure  of  Purbalingga Religious Court  carry out executions by institutions that are available from the start to the filing of the petition to the Chairman of the Religious Courts, judges who will examine the final verdict, Executor who will call and will execute and when the auction Clerk role of the mentor  State Property Office and Auction (KPKNL). Culturally law. Purbalingga Religious Court  carry out the execution-based approaches to religion and culture. This approach proved to facilitate execution. Obstacles that faced in general, form, creditors often receive a guaranteed land and buildings where the land certificate is no longer appropriate to the actual situation, the Debtor is not willing to leave the place right dependents, barriers to the sale of objects auction execution which does not go unsold objects auction / auction. Constraints that normally occurs in the execution of this economic security rights dispute, can be resolved by various reinforcement structures / institutions and culture through the law chosen by the Purbalingga Religious Courts.


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