scholarly journals The impact of prenatal care quality on neonatal, infant and child mortality in Zimbabwe: evidence from the demographic and health surveys

2016 ◽  
pp. czw154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Makate ◽  
Clifton Makate
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Contextual and Compositional Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity in India over Two Decades: An Analysis of National Demographic and Health Surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1607-1607
Author(s):  
Jeswin Baby ◽  
Jithin Sam Varghese ◽  
Tinku Thomas ◽  
Shruthi Cyriac ◽  
Shivani Patel
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Identify contextual (state characteristics) and compositional (individual characteristics) drivers of changes in overweight in women from 1998–2016 across 26 states of India. Methods Nationally representative data on individual socio-demographics and objectively-measured anthropometry for non-pregnant and ever-married women 15–49y were obtained from the Indian National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-2, 1998–99, n = 61,979; NFHS-3, 2005–06, n = 66,694; and NFHS-4, 2015–16, n = 387,732). Individual-level data were merged with year-matched state-level nutritional and economic indicators obtained from multiple national databases. State indicators included per capita consumption of cereals, oils and sugar, per capita gross state domestic product (GDP), literacy rates, labour force participation rate, and population proportion engaged in sedentary employment. Cross-classified generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) with random effects classified each woman by state and round of survey. Models examined overweight/obesity trends as well as estimated the adjusted odds ratios and 95% Bayesian credible intervals for overweight/obesity associated with contextual and individual factors. Results From 1998 to 2016, the prevalence of overweight/obesity increased in all states of India. Higher household wealth (Quintile 5 vs 1: 4.18 [4.06–4.30]), education (post-secondary vs pre-school or less: 1.55 [1.51–1.60]), were associated with higher adjusted odds of overweight/obesity. State average sugar (g; 1.04 [1.03–1.05]) and oil (g; 1.04 [1.03–1.06]) intake, log (GDP per capita) (2.18 [2.14–2.21]) and literacy rates (1.01 [1.01–1.01]) were positively and independently associated with higher odds of overweight. The impact of state characteristics on prevalence of overweight/obesity decreased across rounds. Conclusions While the role of state economic and nutritional context as a driver of overweight has waned over time, contextual indicators remain salient correlates of an individual adult's likelihood of being overweight. Findings suggest that rising overweight in India must be understood and addressed from a socio-ecological lens that considers context alongside individual risks. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Prenatal care coverage and correlates of HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: Insight from demographic and health surveys of 16 countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242001
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Emmanuel Awopegba ◽  
Amarachi Kalu ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Background Prenatal screening of pregnant women for HIV is central to eliminating mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV. While some countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have scaled up their prevention of MTCT programmes, ensuring a near-universal prenatal care HIV testing, and recording a significant reduction in new infection among children, several others have poor outcomes due to inadequate testing. We conducted a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys (DHS) to assess the coverage of HIV testing during pregnancy and also examine the factors associated with uptake. Methods We analysed data of 64,933 women from 16 SSA countries with recent DHS datasets (2015–2018) using Stata version 16. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to examine correlates of prenatal care uptake of HIV testing. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results Progress in scaling up of prenatal care HIV testing was uneven across SSA, with only 6.1% of pregnant women tested in Chad compared to 98.1% in Rwanda. While inequality in access to HIV testing among pregnant women is pervasive in most SSA countries and particularly in West and Central Africa sub-regions, a few countries, including Rwanda, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Zambia have managed to eliminate wealth and rural-urban inequalities in access to prenatal care HIV testing. Conclusion Our findings highlight the between countries and sub-regional disparities in prenatal care uptake of HIV testing in SSA. Even though no country has universal coverage of prenatal care HIV testing, East and Southern African regions have made remarkable progress towards ensuring no pregnant woman is left untested. However, the West and Central Africa regions had low coverage of prenatal care testing, with the rich and well educated having better access to testing, while the poor rarely tested. Addressing the inequitable access and coverage of HIV testing among pregnant women is vital in these sub-regions.

scholarly journals Determinants of Growth Retardation in Pakistani Children under Five Years of Age

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1009-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Arshad Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The World ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality

Ensuring the survival and well being of children is a concern of families, communities, and nations throughout the world. Since the turn of the 20th century infant and child mortality in more developed countries has steadily declined and, currently, has been reduced to almost minimal levels. In contrast, although infant and child mortality has declined in the past three decades in most less developed countries, the pace of change and the magnitude of improvement vary considerably from one country to another. Children are at risk of both mortality and morbidity. The problem of malnutrition is widespread in developing countries and particularly severe in South Asian countries, where almost fifty percent of the undernourished children of the world live [Carlson and Wardlaw (1990)]. Rural populations are especially prone to malnutrition because they are more likely to be poor [Tinger (1998)]. The analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in 19 developing countries shows that children living in rural areas are more likely to be malnourished [Sommerfelt and Stewart (1994)].

scholarly journals Reduction in child mortality in Ethiopia: analysis of data from demographic and health surveys

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Doherty ◽  
Sarah Rohde ◽  
Donela Besada ◽  
Kate Kerber ◽  
Samuel Manda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys

scholarly journals Can an Enhanced Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Program Reduce Neonatal Mortality? Analysis of Pooled Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 823-823
Author(s):  
Michael Dibley ◽  
Yasir Nisar ◽  
Shahreen Raihana ◽  
Patrick Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Iron Folic Acid ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Nepal has improved the national antenatal iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation program through the ‘Iron Intensification Project’ (IIP) between 2003 and 2011. This study assesses the effect of this enhanced IFA supplementation on the risk of neonatal mortality over a 20-year period in Nepal. Methods For the impact evaluation, we used a non-randomized stepped wedge study design, using survival information from 16,159 most recent live births from the pooled data from four Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016). The primary outcomes were neonatal mortality indicators. The use of any antenatal care (ANC) services and antenatal IFA supplements were the secondary outcomes. The main exposure variable was the status of the IIP in the district of the mother's residence at the time of birth. Analyses used multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for up to 22 potential confounders, and the cluster sampling design. Results After the IIP, the risk of death on the first day of life was significantly reduced by 35% [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.43 to 0.97], in the early neonatal period by 32% (aHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.96), and in the neonatal period by 29% (aHR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.99). After the IIP, there was a significant reduction of the odds of non-use of ANC services and IFA supplements. Conclusions An enhanced IFA supplementation program was associated with a significant reduction in neonatal mortality in Nepal. Funding Sources Ph.D. scholarship from the University of Sydney.

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