scholarly journals Resilience-based alcohol education: developing an intervention, evaluating feasibility and barriers to implementation using mixed-methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Richard O de Visser ◽  
Rebecca Graber ◽  
Charles Abraham ◽  
Angie Hart ◽  
Anjum Memon
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Intervention Mapping ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Alcohol Education ◽  
School Students ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Evaluation Time

Abstract Alcohol education must ensure that young people have appropriate information, motivation and skills. This article describes the fifth phase in a program of intervention development based on principles of social marketing and intervention mapping. The aim was to enhance drink refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) and help develop skills for non-drinking or moderate drinking. We conducted a mixed-methods feasibility trial that measured intervention effects among 277 UK secondary school students aged 14–16, and used qualitative methods to explore four teachers’ experiences of delivering the intervention. The intervention did not produce the desired changes in DRSE or alcohol use, but nor did it increase alcohol use. In the qualitative process evaluation, time constraints, pressure to prioritize other topics, awkwardness and embarrassment were identified as barriers to fidelitous delivery. A more intense and/or more prolonged intervention delivered with greater fidelity may have produced the desired changes in DRSE and alcohol use. This study illustrates how principles of social marketing and intervention mapping can aid development of resilience-based education designed to help students develop skills to drink moderately, or not drink. It also highlights the need to consider the constraints of micro-social (school) and macro-social (societal) cultures when designing alcohol education.

scholarly journals Changing activity behaviours in vocational school students: The stepwise development and optimised content of the ‘Let’s Move it’ intervention

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelli Hankonen ◽  
Pilvikki Absetz ◽  
Vera Araujo-Soares
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intervention Mapping ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Teacher Behavior ◽  
School Students ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
Intervention Protocol

Background: School-based interventions that sustainably increase physical activity (PA) are lacking. Systematic and participatory, theory and evidence-based intervention development may enhance effectiveness of complex behavioral interventions. Aims: To illustrate a stepwise process to develop intervention targeting PA and sedentary behavior (SB) among older adolescents.Methods: Two established intervention development frameworks (Intervention Mapping and Behaviour Change Wheel) were integrated, leading to a comprehensive evidence and theory based process. It was informed by empirical studies, literature reviews, expert and stakeholder consultation, including scenario evaluation and component pre-testing. Results: After problem specification (step 1), behavioral diagnosis (step 2) identified a variety of determinants in the domains of capability (e.g. self-regulation skills), motivation (e.g.outcome expectations) and environmental opportunities. These were organized into an intervention theory integrating several formal theories, including self-determination theory. Theory-aligned principles guided material design (Step 3). Feasibility RCT allowed optimization into a final intervention protocol (Step 4).Conclusions: Intervention elements directly and indirectly target students by changing teacher behavior and the school and wider environment. A systematic development and optimization led to a high potential for sustainability. This description provides a practical, hands-on example of intervention development process. The detailed intervention content, with specification of hypothesized mechanisms, allows replication and adaptation.

Development of a multimedia intervention to improve pneumoconiosis prevention in construction workers using RE-AIM framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieling Chen ◽  
Cho Lee Wong ◽  
Bernard Man Hin Law ◽  
Winnie Kwok Wei So ◽  
Doris Yin Ping Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Mapping ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D

Summary Pneumoconiosis is a common occupational lung disease among construction workers. Educational interventions targeting specific ethnic groups of construction workers are of benefit for pneumoconiosis prevention. The aim of this study was to develop a multimedia educational intervention for pneumoconiosis prevention for South Asian construction workers, and to evaluate its feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness in increasing knowledge of pneumoconiosis, modifying beliefs about pneumoconiosis, and enhancing intention to implement measures for its prevention among the workers. This evaluation was performed using the Reach-Effectiveness-Adoption-Implementation-Maintenance framework. A one-group design was adopted and intervention mapping was used to guide the process of intervention development, while the Health Belief Model guided the development of intervention content. The intervention was delivered at construction sites, ethnic minority associations and South Asian community centres. Data were collected via surveys completed at pre-intervention, post-intervention and 3 months after the intervention. A total of 1002 South Asian construction workers participated in the intervention. The participants reported a moderate-to-large increase in knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action and self-efficacy (Cohen’s d: 0.37–0.89), a small reduction in perceived barriers (Cohen’s d = 0.12) and a moderate improvement in attitudes and intention to practice (Cohen’s d: 0.45, 0.51) at post-intervention. A follow-up survey of 121 participants found that the implementation of preventive measures appeared to increase. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the implementation of a culturally adapted multimedia educational intervention could be an effective approach to improving knowledge, self-efficacy and intention regarding pneumoconiosis prevention among South Asian construction workers.

P59 Parenting and Snacks: A Mixed Methods Study to Guide Intervention Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. S51
Author(s):  
Virginia Gray ◽  
Youngok Jung ◽  
Jyotsna Pattnaik ◽  
Nancy Dayne ◽  
Sarah Domino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Guide Intervention

scholarly journals Electronic cigarette and cannabis use: results from the 2018 Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Luken ◽  
Johannes Thrul ◽  
Renee M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior

Abstract Objective To determine the relationship between lifetime e-cigarette use and current cannabis use among youth. Our analyses accounted for county variability, in addition to student-level covariates. Methods This study examined responses from high school students on a state-level population survey, the 2018 Maryland Youth Risk Behavior Survey/Youth Tobacco Survey, a cross-sectional, complex survey sample. Of participating students, final analyses included an unweighted sample of 41,091 9th to 12th grade students who provided complete reports for measured variables. Analyses with survey weights were conducted between August 2019 and May 2020. A multivariable logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between lifetime e-cigarette use and current (past 30-day) cannabis use, after controlling for county, lifetime cigarette use, current (past 30-day) alcohol use, emotional distress, and demographics. Results Lifetime e-cigarette use significantly increased the odds of current cannabis use among Maryland high school students (aOR = 6.04; 95% CI 5.27, 6.93). Other significant risk factors for current cannabis use included lifetime cigarette use (aOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.86, 2.68) and current alcohol use (aOR 5.21, 95% CI 4.42, 6.14). Significantly higher odds of current cannabis use were also found among older high school students, males, non-Hispanic Blacks and students identifying as other race, and those reporting emotional distress. Conclusions Lifetime e-cigarette use among Maryland high school students is strongly associated with current cannabis use when including counties as a covariate. Non-significant county differences, however, suggest smaller geographical units may be required to control for variability. Efforts should focus on reducing youth e-cigarette use to decrease cannabis use. Maryland’s recent implementation of Tobacco 21 and a ban on flavored e-cigarettes will be of interest for future evaluations.

A mixed-methods study of English vocabulary for medical purposes: medical students’ needs, difficulties, and strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Lee Reynolds ◽  
Xiaofang Zhang ◽  
Chen Ding
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
School Students ◽  
Teacher Interviews ◽  
Vocabulary Strategies ◽  
Medical Vocabulary

Abstract This mixed-methods study investigated the English medical vocabulary strategies, needs, and difficulties of Taiwanese medical school students via an open- and closed-ended questionnaire (n = 17), a test measuring vocabulary size (n = 17), student interviews (n = 5), and teacher interviews (n = 3). Students reported using some vocabulary strategies more than others. A statistically significant negative relationship between students’ English vocabulary size and their use of word cards for vocabulary learning was also revealed. Through analysis of the interview data gathered from the medical students and their English teachers, five vocabulary learning difficulties faced by the medical students were uncovered: (1) nonexistent intentional English vocabulary learning, (2) stagnant specialized medical English vocabulary acquisition, (3) lack of sufficient contextualized academic English writing practice with newly encountered specialized medical vocabulary; (4) lack of teacher feedback on the students’ vocabulary use; and (5) lack of pedagogical communication among faculty. The pedagogical implications of these results were discussed with a focus on improving students’ vocabulary learning efficiency in light of their specialized English medical vocabulary needs.

A prototype-targeting intervention for the promotion of healthy eating in adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 450-469
Author(s):  
Birte Dohnke ◽  
Tanja Dewitt ◽  
Amina Steinhilber
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Intervention Mapping ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Data Assessment ◽  
Systematic Planning

Purpose Unhealthy eating among adolescents from families with lower social status is a major concern. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and evaluation of a prototype-targeting intervention for the promotion of healthy eating in this target group. Design/methodology/approach The planning model intervention mapping (IM) was chosen to proceed systematically, to use theory and evidence herein and to make decisions transparent. A controlled study with three times of data assessment was conducted to evaluate process characteristics and effects (N=108). Findings “Provide opportunities for social comparison” (behavioural change technique 6.2) was chosen as change method and “perceived similarity” was identified as the condition for its effectiveness. An intervention unit was designed for application. The evaluation results show the feasibility of the unit; materials and activities successfully applied the change method and its condition for effectiveness; and intervention objectives were generally achieved. Practical implications A prototype-targeting intervention is provided that is based on theory and evidence, and is suitable for implementation. More generally, the paper can serve as a blueprint for the systematic planning of theory- and evidence-based interventions targeting specific personal determinants for behaviour change. Originality/value The paper makes an important contribution to the application of the prototype-related theory and a useful addition of IM to the growing field of intervention development and design.

scholarly journals Micro-level factors associated with alcohol use and binge drinking among youth in the COMPASS study (2012/13 to 2017/18)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Simone D. Holligan ◽  
Wei Qian ◽  
Margaret de Groh ◽  
Ying Jiang ◽  
Scott T. Leatherdale
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
School Students ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Current Alcohol

Introduction This study examined the associations of micro-level factors with current alcohol use and binge drinking among a large sample of Canadian youth. Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among high school students enrolled in the COMPASS study between 2012/13 and 2017/18. We used generalized estimating equations modelling to determine associations between micro-level factors and likelihood of current versus non-current alcohol use and binge drinking among respondents. Results Students reporting current cannabis use were more likely to report current alcohol use over never use (odds ratio [OR] = 4.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.33–4.60) compared to students reporting non-current cannabis use. Students reporting current smoking of tobacco products were more likely to report current binge drinking over never binge drinking (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 2.45–2.58), compared to non-smoking students. Students reporting weekly disposable incomes of more than $100 were more likely to report current over never binge drinking (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 2.09–2.19), compared to students reporting no weekly disposable income. Conclusion Higher disposable incomes, smoking of tobacco products and use of cannabis were associated with current alcohol use and binge drinking among youth. Findings may inform design of polysubstance use prevention efforts in high schools.

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