The link of aneuploidy and heteroploidy in human solid tumours with early genetic events is poorly understood. The study of human preneoplastic precursor lesions, i.e., colorectal adenomas, chronic ulcerative colitis lesions, and Barrett’s esophagus, as considered in this review, appears particularly useful to achieve this aim. Literature data examined here on aneuploidy were obtained by image and flow cytometry, classical cytogenetics, andin situhybridization based cytogenetics. It appears that aneuploidy is linked with specific gene mutations, i.e., of the tumour suppressor gene p53 in chronic ulcerative colitis and in Barrett’s esophagus, and of the protooncogene K‐ras in colorectal adenomas. These data and data from experiments usingin vitroand mouse models, suggest that chromosome instability, tetraploidization, and asymmetrical chromosome segregation during cell division are the result of deregulated cell cycle genes with multiple functions that normally exert active checks on the cell cycle processes including apoptosis and chromosome stability.
Elevation in Cell Cycle and Protein Metabolism Gene Transcription in Inactive Colonic Tissue From Icelandic Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
