scholarly journals Innovation–diffusion, the economy and contemporary challenges: a comment

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067-1073
Author(s):  
Jan Fagerberg ◽  
Bart Verspagen

Abstract According to Christopher Freeman technological revolutions play a key role in capitalist development. In this article, we ask to what extent more recent developments are consistent with the perspective advanced by Freeman. We focus on two issues in particular, the climate challenge and what has been dubbed “A Fourth Industrial Revolution” that is, advances in artificial intelligence and the proliferation of the internet of things.

Author(s):  
Mahmut Sami Ozturk

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the role of audit activities and auditors in Industry 4.0. The preferred methodological approach in the study is a general analysis of auditing in Industry 4.0 in the form of a literature review. According to the purpose of the study, the effect and role of auditing big data, the internet of things, the cloud, artificial intelligence, and other components in Industry 4.0 are investigated. Furthermore, auditing activities that can be implemented in Industry 4.0 are presented as suggestions in the study. The study explains the role of auditing as a whole in Industry 4.0 as a consequence of examining audit activities for each component in Industry 4.0.


Author(s):  
Mahmut Sami Ozturk

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the role of audit activities and auditors in Industry 4.0. The preferred methodological approach in the study is a general analysis of auditing in Industry 4.0 in the form of a literature review. According to the purpose of the study, the effect and role of auditing big data, the internet of things, the cloud, artificial intelligence, and other components in Industry 4.0 are investigated. Furthermore, auditing activities that can be implemented in Industry 4.0 are presented as suggestions in the study. The study explains the role of auditing as a whole in Industry 4.0 as a consequence of examining audit activities for each component in Industry 4.0.


History has always been a great indicator of past behaviour as well as of future trends. However, when you think of what future jobs may look like, you do not certainly expect to find a plausible response in the past. Technologies and scientific advancements in general make it almost impossible to predict what you will be required to know in order to get—or maintain—your job in the next six months, let alone in the next couple of years. Whilst disruption seems such a new concept nowadays, we will learn that disruptive innovations have always been part of our story. The authors look at the major industrial revolutions known to humans and discuss patterns to help us prepare for the forthcoming future.


2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Ungerer

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is a phrase that is frequently heard in the media. This study explores the major changes that this revolution has installed for us. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is an umbrella term for many aspects, and the study takes note of the concepts like the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, artificial general intelligence, artificial superintelligence, transhumanism and Homo digitalis. The spin-off effect of this revolution may cause possible disruptive effects on Homo sapiens by creating greater numbers of Homo disruptus. The term Homo disruptus is not a frequently used term, although it can be used in conjunction with the disruption that will be part of our future. Disruption may occur because of emerging technology, robotics, unemployment, digital dictatorships and exploitation, the side effects of Homo digitalis and transhumanism. The church will be part and parcel of this world, although the church does not have to be a victim and can play a significant role in anchoring Homo disruptus with the timeless message of the gospel and finding innovative ways to deal with their disruptive world.


Author(s):  
Yu. MELESHKO

The article is devoted to the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of the economic mechanism of providing industrial services as a way to improve the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. The importance of industrial services in improving the competitiveness of industrial enterprises (in the context of the fourth industrial revolution), the state and structure of the sector of these services in the Republic of Belarus are shown. The features of the development of the Internet of Things are considered, the specifics of the economic mechanism for the provision of industrial services and the existing trends in their development in the Republic of Belarus are shown. The directions for improving the economic mechanism for the provision of industrial services in the Republic of Belarus have been identified and practical recommendations have been made for its improvement in the context of the modernization of the national economy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Al Faruqi

With the rapid development of technology in the digitalization era, Industry 4.0 became a terminology that became a reference for research and development in the field of technology in various sectors. This continues to trigger all people to develop technology to enable better utilization in facilitating human life. Society 5.0 is an idea that explains the revolution in people's lives with the development of the fourth industrial revolution. The concept that wants to be presented is how there is a revolution in society that both utilizing technology and also considering humanities aspects. Some sectors of work and needs are beginning to enter digitalization that utilizes Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Robotics, Automation, Machine Learning, and the Internet of Things.


Author(s):  
Aghnia Nadhira Aliya Putri ◽  
N. Nurlaela Arief ◽  
Aurik Gustomo

In the Era of Industry 4.0, technology has a significant impact on how people live and work. The pharmaceutical sector is likely to face an "innovator dilemma" when dealing with the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Pharmaceutical employees should prepare to adopt technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data, Robotic, 3-D printing (Baines et al., 2018). Even in the industry based on technology, companies' performance does not rely solely on technological expertise. Technology is not the most significant barrier to adopting the 4.0 Era, but organizational culture and employee readiness are the biggest challenges (Vuong et al., 2019). To survive in Industrial Era 4.0, having sufficient knowledge of technology's changes and speed is essential. Nevertheless, there is no doubt that specific low-skilled jobs will be eliminated (Dirican, 2015). Supposedly, the development of technology does not replace workers but instead increases efficiency in work. Note that the future workforce has a critical role to play in the success of factory innovation. Transformation in era 4.0 requires workforces to have good competence. Keywords: Competency, Sub-Competencies, Pharma 4.0, Delphi Study


Author(s):  
Carlos Hernán Fajardo-Toro ◽  
Andrés Aguilera-Castillo ◽  
Mauricio Guerrero-Cabarcas

Technological advances and novel applications in areas such as industrial robots (eventually personal robotics), artificial intelligence, big data, 3D printing, the internet of things, biotechnology, blockchain, and others have revived the debate on how the development and implementation of technological innovations may displace labor. These technologies are allowing the innovation of products, services, and business models at unprecedented speed, in the same way they are putting at risk both qualified and unqualified jobs and occupations. Most of the specialized literature dealing with the issue of technology and labor comes from the economics discipline, but it is pertinent to discuss how this translates into the managerial, organizational, and strategic principles framed for the fourth industrial revolution.


Chapter 1 explores digital technologies that are fundamental to the Fourth Industrial Revolution implementation. The technologies discussed are “Cloud Computing and Predictive Analytics”, “The Internet of Things (IoT)”, “Super-Computers”, “IBM's ‘Watson' Super-Computer”, and “Super-Computers: in General”. The authors strongly recommend that all stakeholders become familiar with the fundamental technology of cloud computing, and the business benefits of cloud computing and of predictive analytics. The internet of things (IoT) is a particularly significant actor in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This chapter provides an overview of the IoT. A careful reading of this chapter is essential for all stakeholders in order that to appreciate both the pros and cons of the IoT.


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