scholarly journals Digital technologies, employment, and skills

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Reljic ◽  
Rinaldo Evangelista ◽  
Mario Pianta
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Economies

Abstract This article investigates the relationship between the diffusion of digital technologies, employment, and skills. The empirical analysis is carried out on industry-level data of six major European economies (Germany, France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, and the UK) over the 2009–2014 period. We analyze two dimensions of digitalization: industries’ consumption of intermediate inputs from digitally intensive sectors and investment in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tangible and intangible assets, considering also patterns of demand, education, technological change, and offshoring. The results show that job creation in industries is positively associated with an increasing share of digital goods and services in total intermediate inputs and is negatively linked with processes of ICT capital deepening. We then explore how these two different patterns of digitalization are related to the evolution of four occupational groups—managers, clerks, craft, and Manual workers, defined on the basis of International Standard Classification of Occupations classes—finding a positive link between ICT consumption and managerial jobs, and negative ones between digital variables and mid-skill occupations.

Classification of Digital Technologies in the Sphere of Public Procurement and corporate Readiness for Their Implementation

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
M. Umnova ◽  
A. Kokoreva ◽  
O. Ikonnikov
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Business World ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The digitalization of public procurement is a popular topic of discussion in both the scientific and business world. Currently, government procurement of goods and services in Russia does not use the full potential of digital technologies and is at the stage of electronization and automation. Technologies such as big data analytics, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and additive manufacturing are not yet widely used. This article examines this problem from two sides. First, the existing and promising digital technologies of public procurement are studied, their classification is given by complexity, level of application and functions. The directions for the development of digital technologies are discussed using examples in Russian and foreign practice. Secondly, attention is also paid to the problem of organizations' readiness for digital transformation in technological and organizational aspects, taking into account the influence of environmental factors.

scholarly journals Technological Development and the Labour Market: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Automation in Hungary in the International Comparison?

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Miklós Illéssy ◽  
Ákos Huszár ◽  
Csaba Makó
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
The Us ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Analyse Data

In our study, we analyse data from the Hungarian Microcensus (2016) in order to map the proportion of Hungarian jobs threatened by the spread of automation. In doing so, we use the internationally well-known methodology of Carl Benedict Frey and Michael A. Osborne who estimated the probability of computerization for 702 occupations. The analysis was then repeated by Panarinen and Rouvinen for the Finnish labour market by converting the probabilities defined for the US occupational statistics to the European International Standard Classification of Occupations. Similar calculations were conducted for the Swedish and Norwegian labour markets. According to our results, almost every second Hungarian employee (44%) works in a job that is threatened by the development of digital technologies. The same ratio is 47% in the US and 53% in Sweden, while it is much lower in Finland (35%) and Norway (33%). It is especially alarming that 13% of the Hungarian workforce (i.e., almost 600,000 employees) works in an occupation where the probability of computerization is above 95%, while the number of those working in occupations where the same ratio is above 90% exceeds one million (i.e., 25% of the total Hungarian labour force). Diving deeper into the analysis, we can state that those with higher educational qualifications are more likely to work in an occupation that is more protected against computerization. Overall, there are no significant differences in the probability of computerization by gender; however, women are over-represented in the most endangered occupations.

scholarly journals DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ONLINE HIGHER-EDUCATION: THE CREATORS AND KILLERS OF DIGITAL DIVIDES

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Allah Nawaz ◽  
Abid Hussain ◽  
Aamir Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Online Higher Education ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Information And Communication

The digital technologies have gained continuous momentum during the last decades in emerging economies. Contemporary world is divided into ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ on the basis of access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) mainly internet. This is called digital-divide: classification of the global-community into digitally literate and illiterate citizens. ICTs are said to be the main cause of this problem however the same technologies offer opportunities to not only bridge the digital divide but also improve life particularly, higher-education. This paper brings together the experience and viewpoints of researchers about the definition, causes, ICT-based solutions and hurdles in implementing online higher education in the universities to manage digital-divides in the developing countries. Based on the literature about the digital technologies and its application in the different spheres, it is argued that ICTs are not threats rather the opportunities provided they are harnessed in tune with the human and non-human contexts of the higher education in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Tele-Education under the COVID-19 Crisis: Asymmetries in Romanian Education

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1502
Author(s):  
Cristina Nicolau ◽  
Ramona Henter ◽  
Nadinne Roman ◽  
Andrea Neculau ◽  
Roxana Miclaus
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Standard Classification

The COVID-19 pandemic has deepened social and educational asymmetries in some developing countries, such as Romania. Tele-education failed to replace face-to-face education due to the lack of symmetrical policy, connectivity, infrastructure, digitalized educational materials and digital competences. Was this issue predictable and, hence, the stakeholders’ mission failed? Our qualitative research aims at analyzing, in depth, these digitalization asymmetries, with a sample formed of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) specialists working for/with Romanian 1–4 International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) schools. The collected primary data were processed with Atlas.ti 8. The results emphasize major key areas to be addressed with future public symmetrical policy and change management strategies: equal access to infrastructure, as well as development of compulsory and complementary digital skills (for teachers and students). The necessity to support school management in accessing funding is also required to enhance digitalization.

ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN CIVIL PROCESS

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Alexandr Neznamov
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Civil Process ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
The Impact

Digital technologies are no longer the future but are the present of civil proceedings. That is why any research in this direction seems to be relevant. At the same time, some of the fundamental problems remain unattended by the scientific community. One of these problems is the problem of classification of digital technologies in civil proceedings. On the basis of instrumental and genetic approaches to the understanding of digital technologies, it is concluded that their most significant feature is the ability to mediate the interaction of participants in legal proceedings with information; their differentiating feature is the function performed by a particular technology in the interaction with information. On this basis, it is proposed to distinguish the following groups of digital technologies in civil proceedings: a) technologies of recording, storing and displaying (reproducing) information, b) technologies of transferring information, c) technologies of processing information. A brief description is given to each of the groups. Presented classification could serve as a basis for a more systematic discussion of the impact of digital technologies on the essence of civil proceedings. Particularly, it is pointed out that issues of recording, storing, reproducing and transferring information are traditionally more «technological» for civil process, while issues of information processing are more conceptual.

Future Directions

2020 ◽  
pp. 476-479
Author(s):  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
Kyle A. Faust ◽  
David Faust
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Disease ◽  
Levels Of Use ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Mental Health Treatments ◽  
The Many

As digital technology development continues to expand, both its positive and negative applications have also grown. As such, it is essential to continue gathering data on the many types of digital technologies, their overall effects, and their impact on public health. The World Health Organization’s inclusion of Gaming Disorder in the eleventh edition of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-11) indicates that some of the problematic effects of gaming are similar to those of substance-use disorders and gambling. Certain behaviors easily engaged in via the internet may also lead to compulsive levels of use in certain users, such as shopping or pornography use. In contrast, digital technologies can also lead to improvements in and wider accessibility to mental health treatments. Furthermore, various types of digital technologies can also lead to benefits such as increased productivity or social functioning. By more effectively understanding the impacts of all types of digital technologies, we can aim to maximize their benefits while minimizing or preventing their negative impacts.

Workplace “Digital Culture” and the Uptake of Digital Solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 368-402
Author(s):  
Simeon J. Yates ◽  
Eleanor Lockley
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Company Culture ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

This chapter reviews prior work on technology acceptance and then reports on a nationally representative survey of UK employees exploring both employee’s personal experiences of digital technologies at home and work and their evaluations of the effectiveness of the technologies and the “digital culture” in their organization. Presenting the results of 3040 UK workers, it seeks to explore the factors that influence digital roll-outs by focusing on the experiences and perceptions of the UK workforce as a whole, with the expectation that introducing new technology alone isn’t enough. This research explores how “digitally ready” organizations are in the UK in terms of people, processes, and company culture. It concludes that a large proportion of the UK workforce are not seeing the benefits of digital technologies. Importantly, there is a need for organizations to understand that making digital solutions a success is a process of cultural change in their organization.

scholarly journals Validity of classification of distal radial fractures in the Swedish fracture register

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malena Bergvall ◽  
Carl Bergdahl ◽  
Carl Ekholm ◽  
David Wennergren
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Distal Radial Fractures ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Small Peak ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Fracture Register ◽  
Standard Classification

Abstract Background Distal radial fractures (DRF) are one of the most common fractures with a small peak in incidence among young males and an increasing incidence with age among women. The reliable classification of fractures is important, as classification provides a framework for communicating effectively on clinical cases. Fracture classification is also a prerequisite for data collection in national quality registers and for clinical research. Since its inception in 2011, the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) has collected data on more than 490,000 fractures. The attending physician classifies the fracture according to the AO/OTA classification upon registration in the SFR. Previous studies regarding the classification of distal radial fractures (DRF) have shown difficulties in inter- and intra-observer agreement. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the registration of DRF in adults in the SFR as it is carried out in clinical practice. Methods A reference group of three experienced orthopaedic trauma surgeons classified 128 DRFs, randomly retrieved from the SFR, at two classification sessions 6 weeks apart. The classification the reference group agreed on was regarded as the gold standard classification for each fracture. The accuracy of the classification in the SFR was defined as the agreement between the gold standard classification and the classification in the SFR. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was evaluated and the degree of agreement was calculated as Cohen’s kappa. Results The accuracy of the classification of DRF in the SFR was kappa = 0.41 (0.31–0.51) for the AO/OTA subgroup/group and kappa = 0.48 (0.36–0.61) for the AO/OTA type. This corresponds to moderate agreement. Inter-observer agreement ranged from kappa 0.22–0.48 for the AO/OTA subgroup/group and kappa 0.48–0.76 for the AO/OTA type. Intra-observer agreement ranged from kappa 0.52–0.70 for the AO/OTA subgroup/group and kappa 0.71–0.76 for the AO/OTA type. Conclusions The study shows moderate accuracy in the classification of DRF in the SFR. Although the degree of accuracy for DRF appears to be lower than for other fracture locations, the accuracy shown in the current study is similar to that in previous studies of DRF.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document