scholarly journals Exploring the effect of Marine Protected Areas on the dynamics of fish communities in the southern Benguela: an individual-based modelling approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Yemane ◽  
Yunne-Jai Shin ◽  
John G. Field
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Small Pelagic Fish ◽  
Multispecies Model ◽  
Modelling Approach

Abstract Yemane, D., Shin, Y-J., and Field, J. G. 2009. Exploring the effect of Marine Protected Areas on the dynamics of fish communities in the southern Benguela: an individual-based modelling approach. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 378–387. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been suggested as a tool that can achieve some of the goals of an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF), e.g. prevention of overexploitation, biodiversity conservation, recovery of overexploited population, but the consequences of their establishment on the dynamics of protected components are often unclear. Spatial and multispecies models can be used to investigate the effects of their introduction. An individual-based, spatially explicit, size-structured, multispecies model (known as OSMOSE) is used to investigate the likely consequences of the introduction of three MPAs off the coast of South Africa, individually or in combination. The simultaneous introduction of the MPAs affected varying proportions of the distribution of the modelled species (5–17%) and 12% of the distribution of the whole community. In general, the introduction of the MPAs in the different scenarios resulted in a relative increase in the biomass of large predatory fish and a decrease in the biomass of small pelagic fish. The simulation demonstrates that consideration of trophic interactions is necessary when introducing MPAs, with indirect effects that may be detrimental to some (mainly smaller prey) species.

scholarly journals A modelling approach to assess the impact of land mining on marine biodiversity: Assessment in coastal catchments experiencing catastrophic events (SW Brazil)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL Almeida MAGRIS ◽  
Martinho Marta-Almeida ◽  
Jose Alberto Monteiro ◽  
Natalie Ban
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Pulse Disturbance ◽  
Tailing Dam ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Modelling Approach

Analysis that link hydrological processes with oceanographic dispersion offer a promising approach for assessing impacts of land-based activities on marine ecosystems. However, such an analysis has not yet been customised to quantify specific pressures from mining activities on marine biodiversity including those from spillages resulting from tailing dam failure. Here, using a Brazilian catchment in which a tailing dam collapsed (Doce river) as a case study, we provide a modelling approach to assess the impacts on key ecosystems and marine protected areas subjected to two exposure regimes: (i) a pulse disturbance event for the period 2015-2016, following the immediate release of sediments after dam burst, which witnessed an average increase of 88% in sediment exports; and (ii) a press disturbance phase for the period 2017-2029, when impacts are sustained over time by sediments along the river’s course. We integrated four components into impact assessments: hydrological modelling, coastal-circulation modelling, ecosystem mapping, and biological sensitivities. The results showed that pulse disturbance causes sharp increases in the amount of sediments entering the coastal area, exposing key sensitive ecosystems to pollution (e.g. rhodolith beds), highlighting an urgent need for developing restoration strategies for these areas. The intensity of impacts will diminish over time but the total area of sensitive ecosystems at risk are predicted to be enlarged. We determined monitoring and restoration priorities by evaluating and comparing the extent to which sensitive ecosystems within marine protected areas were exposed to disturbances. The information obtained in this study will allow the optimization of recovery efforts in the marine area affected, and valuation of ecosystem services lost.

scholarly journals Managing mobile species with MPAs: the effects of mobility, larval dispersal, and fishing mortality on closure size

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. F. Le Quesne ◽  
Edward A. Codling
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Population Model ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Explicit Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Population

Abstract Le Quesne, W. J. F., and Codling, E. A. 2009. Managing mobile species with MPAs: the effects of mobility, larval dispersal, and fishing mortality on closure size. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 122–131. The use of closed areas (marine protected areas, marine reserves, no-take zones) has been suggested as a possible solution to the perceived global fisheries crisis. However, to optimize the design and evaluate the effectiveness of closed areas, we need to understand the interaction between larval dispersal, adult mobility, and fishing mortality. In this paper, a simple, spatially explicit dynamic population model was developed to examine the effects of these interacting factors on optimal closure size and resulting yields. The effect of using one large or several smaller closed areas was also examined. Our model confirmed previous results: closed areas do not improve the yield of populations that are optimally managed or underexploited and, as mobility increases, optimum closure size increases. The model also predicted some interesting counter-intuitive results; for overexploited stocks, the greatest benefit from closed areas can be obtained for stocks with highest mobility, although this may require closure of 85% of the total area. For the tested parameter settings, adult spillover had greater potential to improve yield than larval export, and using several small closed areas rather than a single larger one had the same effect as increasing the mobility of the population.

Protecting juveniles, spawners or both: A practical statistical modelling approach for the design of marine protected areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2328-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Grüss ◽  
Christopher R. Biggs ◽  
William D. Heyman ◽  
Brad Erisman
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Modelling Approach

scholarly journals Taking home-ranges into account for Mediterranean MPAs could offer increased recovery benefits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
OCTO
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Home Ranges

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a common fisheries management tool that relies on the assumption that species protected within a spatially-explicit area are allowed to recover and later “spill over” the boundaries of the MPA where they may be harvested. By fully protecting an MPA, species inside will grow and reproduce a steady supply of “spilled over” fish to be harvested. But how large of an area should you protect at a minimum to offer this benefit?

Seychelles' marine protected areas: Comparative structure and status of reef fish communities

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Jennings ◽  
Suzanne S. Marshall ◽  
Nicholas V.C. Polunin
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Comparative Structure

scholarly journals Assessing fishery footprints and the trade-offs between landings value, habitat sensitivity, and fishing impacts to inform marine spatial planning and an ecosystem approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jennings ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
J. G. Hiddink
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fishing Impacts

Abstract Jennings, S., Lee, J., and Hiddink, J. G. 2012. Assessing fishery footprints and the trade-offs between landings value, habitat sensitivity, and fishing impacts to inform marine spatial planning and an ecosystem approach. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1053–1063. European and national policy commitments require further integration of fisheries and environmental management. We measured fishery footprints and assessed trade-offs between landings value, habitat sensitivity, and beam trawling impacts in UK territorial waters in the southern and central North Sea where marine spatial planning is underway and a network of Marine Protected Areas has been proposed. For fleets (UK and non-UK) and years (2006–2010) considered, total trawled area included extensive ‘margins’ that always accounted for a smaller proportion of total fishing effort and value (proportions investigated were ≤10, 20, or 30%) than their proportional contribution to total habitat sensitivity and trawling impact. Interannual and fleet-related differences in the distribution and intensity of trawling activity, driven by location choice and fisheries regulations, had more influence on overall trawling impacts than the exclusion of beam trawlers from a proposed network of Marine Protected Areas. If reducing habitat impacts is adopted as an objective of fisheries or environmental management, then the direct management of fishing footprints, e.g. by defining fishing grounds that exclude existing margins, can disproportionately reduce trawling impacts per unit effort or value.

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