scholarly journals Marine litter within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Galgani ◽  
G. Hanke ◽  
S. Werner ◽  
L. De Vrees
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽  
Member States ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Monitoring Protocols ◽  
Available Information

Abstract Galgani, F., Hanke, G., Werner, S., and De Vrees, L. 2013. Marine litter within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1055–1064. There have been numerous anthropogenic-driven changes to our planet in the last half-century. One of the most evident changes is the ubiquity and abundance of litter in the marine environment. The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC) establishes a framework within which EU Member States shall take action to achieve or maintain good environmental status (GES) of their marine waters by 2020. GES is based on 11 qualitative descriptors as listed in Annex I of the MSFD. Descriptor 10 (D 10) concerns marine litter. As a follow-up to the related Commission Decision on criteria and methodological standards (2010/477/EU) in which 56 indicators for the achievement of GES are proposed, the EC Directorate-General for the Environment, on the request of the European Marine Directors, established a Technical Subgroup on Marine Litter (TSG ML) under the Working Group on GES. The role of TSG ML is to support Member States through providing scientific and technical background for the implementation of MSFD requirements with regard to D 10. Started in 2011, TSG ML provides technical recommendations for the implementation of the MSFD requirements for marine litter. It summarizes the available information on monitoring approaches and considers how GES and environmental targets could be defined with the aim of preventing further inputs of litter to, and reducing its total amount in, the marine environment. It also identifies research needs, priorities and strategies in support of the implementation of D 10. The work of TSG ML also focuses on the specification of monitoring methods through the development of monitoring protocols for litter in the different marine compartments, and for microplastics and litter in biota. Further consideration is being given to monitoring strategies in general and associated costs. Other priorities include the identification of sources of marine litter and a better understanding of the harm caused by marine litter.

scholarly journals A Drop in the Ocean: Patchy Evidence on the Societal Benefits of Marine Litter Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Stoever ◽  
Katrin Rehdanz ◽  
Ikechukwu Charles Okoli
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Eu

The benefits of marine litter reduction to society, which are mostly non-market ones, need to be valued and quantified in monetary terms to be included in cost benefit analyses required by the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. This article investigates the extent to which these benefits can be derived from existing studies. We review the available empirical evidence and analyze its key characteristics based on descriptive statistics. Comparing the availability of estimates with the requirements for the EU Member States, we find a striking mismatch between the data available and the information required, which cannot be alleviated by benefit transfer. This finding is valid for both, ex-ante and ex-post, evaluation attempts. We conclude that the evidence available at present is too patchy to derive country-wide policy implications to the extent necessary to comprehensively conduct the evaluations required by the Directive.

Changing the Base: Legal Implications of Scientific Criteria and Methodological Standards on what Constitutes Good Marine Environmental Status

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Markus
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Good Environmental Status ◽  
Marine Environmental ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe Decision on Criteria and Methodological Standards on Good Environmental Status of Marine Waters provides the conceptual framework for the assessment and valuation of the marine waters of EU Member States. In particular, it provides concepts for defining what constitutes good marine environmental status – a status which Member States are obligated to achieve by the year 2020 under the 2008 Marine Strategy Framework Directive. This article aims to elucidate the epistemic and normative dimensions of scientific criteria and methodological standards, as well as their importance in the legal treatment of the marine environment of the EU. The article also assesses how and to what extent the transnational process leading up to the Decision was structured, surveying existing ideas and perspectives as to what exactly constitutes good environmental status, and examining whether the structure of the Decision ensures that those affected by it would want to accept it.

scholarly journals Marine Litter Pollution in Baltic Sea Beaches – Application of the Sand Rake Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirco Haseler ◽  
Arunas Balciunas ◽  
Rahel Hauk ◽  
Viktorija Sabaliauskaite ◽  
Irina Chubarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
High Pollution Level

Most marine litter monitoring methods used on beaches focus on macro-litter (>25 mm) only and show shortcomings regarding smaller litter classes (<25 mm), especially at Baltic Sea beaches. Therefore, we used a sand rake method developed for large micro- (2–5 mm), and meso- (5–25 mm) litter to quantify the overall pollution status of Baltic Sea beaches and to test if the method is useful in terms of the requirements of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Between July 2017 and October 2019, 197 sand rake method surveys were carried out at 35 regions around the Baltic Sea. In total, 9345 litter pieces were found on an area of 10,271 m2 of which 69.9% were 2–25 mm in size. Artificial polymers (4921 litter pieces) were predominant (mean 52.7% ± 13.3). Abundance of litter was 0.91 pieces/m2 ± 1.50 (median 0.40 pieces/m2). The most common litter were industrial pellets (19.8%), non-identifiable plastic pieces 2–25 mm (17.3%), cigarette butts (15.3%), and paraffin (11.9%). At 15 surveys at the German North Sea island of Sylt the litter abundance ranged from 0.45 pieces/m2 (median) to 0.59 pieces/m2 ± 0.37 (mean). Here, 69.2% of the litter was 2–25 mm in size and paraffin was predominant (69.2%). Beaches show a high pollution level with large micro- and meso-litter (2–25 mm) and our data can serve as a Baltic-wide pollution baseline. In contrast to the naked eye OSPAR method for macro-litter, the sand rake method is generally applicable on all sandy beaches, both urban and remote. This method also allows for the provision of a full spatial pollution pattern and can serve for assessing the effectiveness of marine litter mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Long-term Sustainability Of Public Finance In The Central And Eastern EU Member States

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Uryszek
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
European Central Bank ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Central ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Research Period

The main goal of this article is to investigate the level of long-term sustainability of public finance in the Central and Eastern EU Member States. This aim is accompanied by the following hypothesis: an inability to generate primary surpluses and significantly growing public debt volumes prevent the attainment of sustainability in the area of public finance. The research method is based on GDP and public debt growth rates, as well as on the values of discounted primary fiscal balances at the actual and structural level. The research period covers the years 2000-2014. Data were taken from Eurostat, the European Commission's Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs and the European Central Bank.

Doing Everything You Can, but Not (yet) Getting it Right: Challenges to Brussels' Great Expectations for Water Quality1

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Angela Buelow
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Eu Water Framework Directive ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Water ◽  
Improve Water Quality ◽  
Governance Architecture

To arrive at a good status of all European water bodies is the main objective of the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD). Since its adoption in 2000, the policy has fundamentally changed the institutional, procedural and organizational structures of Member States' water management, leading to an Europeanization of national legislation and decision-making structures. The case of WFD implementation in Schleswig-Holstein is an example of the policy's highly innovative governance architecture that unfortunately is not (yet) able to take that one last hurdle: to improve water quality and establish a good water status across EU Member States by 2015 or 2027.

BIOECONOMY DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL BASED ON MORE EFFICIENT LAND USE IN THE EU

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina PILVERE ◽  
Aleksejs NIPERS ◽  
Bartosz MICKIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Green Growth ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Key Industries ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Production Resource

Europe 2020 Strategy highlights bioeconomy as a key element for smart and green growth in Europe. Bioeconomy in this case includes agriculture, forestry, fisheries, food and pulp and paper production, parts of chemical, biotechnological and energy industries and plays an important role in the EU’s economy. The growth of key industries of bioeconomy – agriculture and forestry – highly depends on an efficient and productive use of land as a production resource. The overall aim of this paper is to evaluate opportunities for development of the main sectors of bioeconomy (agriculture and forestry) in the EU based on the available resources of land. To achieve this aim, several methods were used – monographic, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, statistical analysis methods. The findings show that it is possible to improve the use of land in the EU Member States. If all the Member States reached the average EU level, agricultural products worth EUR 77 bln would be annually additionally produced, which is 19 % more than in 2014, and an extra 5 billion m3 volume of forest growing stock would be gained, which is 20 % more than in 2010.

Vocational Education in the New EU Member States

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Canning ◽  
Martin Godfrey ◽  
Dorota Holzer-Zelazewska
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
New Eu Member States
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