scholarly journals International perceptions of an integrated, multi-sectoral, ecosystem approach to management

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Marshak ◽  
Jason S. Link ◽  
Rebecca Shuford ◽  
Mark E. Monaco ◽  
Ellen Johannesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Fisheries Conservation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Abstract The Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM) has emerged over the past decades, largely to promote biodiversity conservation, and more recently sectoral tradeoffs in the management of marine ecosystems. To ascertain the state of practice of EAM operationalization, a workshop was held, which included a pre-workshop online survey. The survey gauged international participants’ perspectives regarding capacity, knowledge, and application of EAM. When asked about the subject, most survey respondents had a general understanding of EAM, and provided a clear definition. Major perceived challenges to EAM objectives by those surveyed included limited knowledge, conflicting interests, insufficient communication, and limited organizational legal frameworks or governance structures. Of those directly involved in an ecosystem approach, the majority responded that processes were in place or developed for application of integrated knowledge toward assessing key issues within their respective sectors (i.e. fisheries, conservation, energy), and that capacity was generally high. Our results show that most respondents, irrespective of sector or geography, see value in considering an integrated, broader ecosystem approach as they manage their sector. Although many participants were from the North Atlantic region, our results suggest that much of the international community is converging toward continued understanding of broad-scale, integrated approaches to marine resource management.

scholarly journals Changes in Estonian Defense Policy Following Episodes of Russian Aggression

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Cooper
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Effective Deterrent ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Overall Effectiveness ◽  
The Eu

After successive episodes of Russian aggression, both Estonia and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) remain on edge about the future of their relationship with Moscow. To understand how Estonia has deterred Russia from further hostile acts, this paper analyzes the Estonian government’s response to them and how the establishment of defense programs have made Estonia a pillar of anti-Russian policy in Europe. Such programs and policy changes which continue to deter Russia from these aggressive tactics include but are not limited to NATO’s Cooperative Cyber Defense Center of Excellence, the EU’s East StratCom Task Force, and the development of dependable relationships between NATO, the EU, and the Estonian private defense sector. The paper also analyzes the overall successes and deficiencies of these policy changes, makes future recommendations for the Estonian government, and evaluates the implications of these changes in the broad realm of international security. Analyzing these successes and deficiencies is important for determining the overall effectiveness of the changes in Estonian policy over the past decade. Through in-person interviews with both American and Estonian government officials, online research, and interactions with academic experts on the subject, the paper argues these new programs and evolving relationships are an adequate and effective deterrent to prevent further Russian cyber and conventional military attacks.

Re-imagining Democracy in the Age of Revolutions

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
North Atlantic Region ◽  
Institutional Form ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The Subject

This book charts a transformation in how people thought about democracy in the North Atlantic region in the years between the American Revolution and the revolutions of 1848. In the mid-eighteenth century, ‘democracy’ was a word known only to literate publics; it was associated primarily with the ancient world, and had negative connotations: democracies were conceived to be unstable, warlike, and prone to mutate into despotisms. By the mid-nineteenth century, by contrast, democracy had become an important category for thinking about the modern world, and had passed into general use – though it was still not necessarily an approving term; in fact, there was much debate about whether democracy could achieve robust institutional form in advanced societies. In this book, an international cast of contributors shows how common trends worked through in four settings: the United States, France, Britain and Ireland, with special attention to the eras of the 1789 and 1848 revolutions. It is argued that ‘modern democracy’ was not invented in one place and then diffused elsewhere, but instead was the subject of parallel re-imaginings, as ancient ideas and examples were selectively invoked and reworked for modern use in different ways in different environments. The book significantly enhances our understanding of the diversity and complexity of our democratic inheritance

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