Application of the Microcapsule Agglutination Test to Serologic Studies of an Early Stage of Lyme Disease in Japan

1991 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Arimitsu ◽  
I. Takashima ◽  
Z. Yoshii ◽  
Y. Higashi ◽  
S. Kameyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Agglutination Test

scholarly journals Point-of-care serodiagnostic test for early-stage Lyme disease using a multiplexed paper-based immunoassay and machine learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyou-Arm Joung ◽  
Zachary S. Ballard ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Derek K. Tseng ◽  
Hailemariam Teshome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Subset ◽  
Antigen Peptide ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Threshold Tuning

ABSTRACTCaused by the tick-borne spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, Lyme disease (LD) is the most common vector-borne infectious disease in North America and Europe. Though timely diagnosis and treatment are effective in preventing disease progression, current tests are insensitive in early-stage LD, with a sensitivity <50%. Additionally, the serological testing currently recommended by the US Center for Disease Control has high costs (>$400/test) and extended sample-to-answer timelines (>24 hours). To address these challenges, we created a cost-effective and rapid point-of-care (POC) test for early-stage LD that assays for antibodies specific to seven Borrelia antigens and a synthetic peptide in a paper-based multiplexed vertical flow assay (xVFA). We trained a deep learning-based diagnostic algorithm to select an optimal subset of antigen/peptide targets, and then blindly-tested our xVFA using human samples (N(+) = 42, N(−)= 54), achieving an area-under-the-curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of 0.950, 90.5%, and 87.0% respectively, outperforming previous LD POC tests. With batch-specific standardization and threshold tuning, the specificity of our blind-testing performance improved to 96.3%, with an AUC and sensitivity of 0.963 and 85.7%, respectively.

scholarly journals Active and Passive Immunity against Borrelia burgdorferi Decorin Binding Protein A (DbpA) Protects against Infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2143-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Hanson ◽  
David R. Cassatt ◽  
Betty P. Guo ◽  
Nita K. Patel ◽  
Michael P. McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
In Vitro Growth

ABSTRACT Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, binds decorin, a collagen-associated extracellular matrix proteoglycan found in the skin (the site of entry for the spirochete) and in many other tissues. Two borrelial adhesins that recognize this proteoglycan, decorin binding proteins A and B (DbpA and DbpB, respectively), have recently been identified. Infection of mice by low-dose B. burgdorferi challenge elicited antibodies against DbpA and DbpB that were sustained at high levels, suggesting that these antigens are expressed in vivo. Scanning immunoelectron microscopy showed that DbpA was surface accessible on intact borreliae. Passive administration of DbpA antiserum protected mice from infection following challenge with heterologous B. burgdorferi sensu stricto isolates, even when serum administration was delayed for up to 4 days after challenge. DbpA is the first antigen target identified that is capable of mediating immune resolution of early, localizedB. burgdorferi infections. DbpA immunization also protected mice from B. burgdorferi challenge; DbpB immunization was much less effective. DbpA antiserum inhibited in vitro growth of manyB. burgdorferi sensu lato isolates of diverse geographic, phylogenetic, and clinical origins. In combination, these findings support a role for DbpA in the immunoprophylaxis of Lyme disease and suggest that DbpA vaccines have the potential to eliminate early-stageB. burgdorferi infections.

scholarly journals Three cases of early-stage localised Lyme disease

2017 ◽  
pp. 204-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahizer Yaldiz ◽  
◽  
Teoman Erdem ◽  
Fatma H Dilek
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Early Stage

scholarly journals Detection of Borrelia in Early-Stage Lyme Disease Using T2 Magnetic Resonance

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Snyder ◽  
Cheryl Bandoski-Gralinski ◽  
Jessica Townsend ◽  
Heidi Giese ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Thomann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Early Stage

scholarly journals Molecular Adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi in the Murine Host

2002 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Ting Liang ◽  
F. Kenneth Nelson ◽  
Erol Fikrig
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Molecular Adaptation ◽  
Immune Selection ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism

An analysis of expression of 137 lipoprotein genes on the course of murine infection revealed a two-step molecular adaptation by Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete. For the first step, regardless whether the initial inocula of B. burgdorferi expressed either all (cultured spirochetes) or less than 40 (host-adapted spirochetes) of the 137 lipoprotein genes, the spirochetes were modulated to transcribe 116 of the genes within 10 d after being introduced to the murine host. This step of adaptation was induced by the microenvironment of the host tissue. During the second step, which was forced by host immune selection pressure and occurred between 17 and 30 d after infection, B. burgdorferi down-regulated most of the lipoprotein genes and expressed less than 40 of the 137 genes. This novel adaptation mechanism could be a critical step for B. burgdorferi to proceed to chronic infection, as the pathogen would be cleared at the early stage of infection if the spirochetes failed to undergo this process.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of 41 kD Flagellin Gene and Its Human B-Cell Epitope in Borrelia burgdorferi Strains of China

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Huixin Liu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Xuexia Hou ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Qin Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Epitope Region ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
B Cell Epitope ◽  
Human B Cell

The 41 kD flagellin of Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) is a major component of periplasmic flagellar filament core and a good candidate for serodiagnosis in early stage of Lyme disease. Here, we chose 89 B. burgdorferi strains in China, amplified the gene encoding the 41 kD flagellin, and compared the sequences. The results showed that genetic diversity presented in the 41 kD flagellin genes of all 89 strains among the four genotypes of B. burgdorferi, especially in the genotype of B. garinii. Some specific mutation sites for each genotype of the 41 kD flagellin genes were found, which could be used for genotyping B. burgdorferi strains in China. Human B-cell epitope analysis showed that thirteen of 15 nonsynonymous mutations occurred in the epitope region of 41 kD flagellin and thirty of 42 B-cell epitopes were altered due to all 13 nonsynonymous mutations in the epitope region, which may affect the function of the antigen. Nonsynonymous mutations and changed human B-cell epitopes exist in 41 kD flagellin of B. burgdorferi sensu lato strains; these changes should be considered in serodiagnosis of Lyme disease.

scholarly journals Point-of-Care Serodiagnostic Test for Early-Stage Lyme Disease Using a Multiplexed Paper-Based Immunoassay and Machine Learning

ACS Nano ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyou-Arm Joung ◽  
Zachary S. Ballard ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Derek K. Tseng ◽  
Hailemariam Teshome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of Care

scholarly journals Single Core Genome Sequencing for Detection of both Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato and Relapsing Fever Borrelia Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Sin Hang Lee ◽  
John Eoin Healy ◽  
John S Lambert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relapsing Fever

Lyme disease, initially described as Lyme arthritis, was reported before nucleic-acid based detection technologies were available. The most widely used diagnostic tests for Lyme disease are based on the serologic detection of antibodies produced against antigens derived from a single strain of Borrelia burgdorferi. The poor diagnostic accuracy of serological tests early in the infection process has been noted most recently in the 2018 Report to Congress issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Tick-Borne Disease Working Group. Clinical Lyme disease may be caused by a diversity of borreliae, including those classified as relapsing fever species, in the United States and in Europe. It is widely accepted that antibiotic treatment of Lyme disease is most successful during this critical early stage of infection. While genomic sequencing is recognized as an irrefutable direct detection method for laboratory diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis, development of a molecular diagnostic tool for all clinical forms of borreliosis is challenging because a “core genome” shared by all pathogenic borreliae has not yet been identified. After a diligent search of the GenBank database, we identified two highly conserved segments of DNA sequence among the borrelial 16S rRNA genes. We further developed a pair of Borrelia genus-specific PCR primers for amplification of a segment of borrelial 16S rRNA gene as a “core genome” to be used as the template for routine Sanger sequencing-based metagenomic direct detection test. This study presented examples of base-calling DNA sequencing electropherograms routinely generated in a clinical diagnostic laboratory on DNA extracts of human blood specimens and ticks collected from human skin bites and from the environment. Since some of the tick samples tested were collected in Ireland, borrelial species or strains not known to exist in the United States were also detected by analysis of this 16S rRNA “core genome”. We recommend that hospital laboratories located in Lyme disease endemic areas begin to use a “core genome” sequencing test to routinely diagnose spirochetemia caused by various species of borreliae for timely management of patients at the early stage of infection.

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