scholarly journals Chronic and Early Antiretroviral Therapy Impact Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Serological Assay Sensitivity, Leading to More False-Negative Test Results in HIV Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1660-1669
Author(s):  
Karolien Stoffels ◽  
Fien Vanroye ◽  
Virginie Mortier ◽  
Laurent Debaisieux ◽  
Marie-Luce Delforge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Test ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Confirmatory Assay ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
False Negative Test

Abstract This retrospective study evaluated the reactivity of 3 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) confirmatory assays (INNO-LIA, Geenius, and MP) and 7 HIV rapid tests on samples from 2 different study populations in Belgium. For the early-treated cohort (83 HIV-1 adult patients treated within 3 months after infection), HIV-1 diagnosis was not obtained in at least 1 confirmatory assay in 12.0% (10/83) and in an HIV rapid test in 31.3% (26/83). Confirmation assay sensitivities ranged from 87.5% to 95.2%, whereas rapid test assay sensitivities ranged from 75.9% to 100%. The time to treatment initiation or the length of time on treatment did not have a statistical influence on the probability to obtain a false-negative test result. The fastest reversion was demonstrated after 4 months of treatment. Among the long-term treated cohort (390 HIV-1 patients with ≥ 9 years of undetectable viral load), false-negative test results were found in at least 1 HIV confirmatory assay for 2.1% (8/390) of the patients and in a HIV rapid test for 4.9% (19/390). Confirmation assay sensitivities ranged from 98.1% to 99.5%, whereas rapid test sensitivities ranged from 96.2% to 100%. Longer treatment increased nonreactivity of the HIV rapid tests (P = .033). Undetectable viral load decreases the sensitivities of HIV diagnostic tests, and further monitoring of the performance of serological assays is advised.

Incidence and Recovery of Salmonellae and Other Bacteria from Commercially Processed Poultry Carcasses at Selected Pre- and Post-Evisceration Steps

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. LILLARD
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Test ◽  
Commercial Plant ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
False Negative Test ◽  
Progressive Sampling

This study was undertaken to determine whether bacteria are already attached to poultry skin when birds arrive at the processing plant. Multiple rinses were performed on breast skin and whole carcasses taken from five processing points in a commercial plant: Before scalding, after scalding, after picking, after the final washer, and from the exit end of the chiller. Aerobic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from carcasses in up to 40 consecutive whole carcass rinses with a difference of only about one log for Enterobacteriaceae, and 1 to 2 logs for aerobes from the first to the last rinse of carcasses taken from the beginning and the end of the processing line. Data from rinses prior to scalding indicated that bacteria were firmly attached to poultry carcasses when they first arrived in the plant. Not all bacteria were removed during processing; however, there were fewer aerobes and Enterobacteriaceae at progressive sampling points. Attached salmonellae were not always recovered in the first whole carcass rinse, but were sometimes recovered in 3rd, 5th, and 10th rinses. These data show that a single whole carcass rinse can result in false negative test results for salmonellae. Because of the small number of positive samples in this study, the probability of recovering salmonellae with a single whole carcass rinse could not be estimated accurately.

scholarly journals False-negative test results to non-agglutinating (incomplete) antibodies.

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
E de Klerk ◽  
C A Sharp ◽  
C Geffen ◽  
R Anderson
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Test ◽  
False Negative Test

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection with Different Subtypes Using Rapid Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Phillips ◽  
Timothy C. Granade ◽  
Chou-Pong Pau ◽  
Debra Candal ◽  
Dale J. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT We evaluated six rapid tests for their sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection using 241 specimens (172 HIV-1 positive, 69 HIV-1 negative) representing different HIV-1 subtypes (A [n = 40], B [n = 47], C [n = 28], E [n = 42], and F [n = 7]). HIVCHEK, Multispot, RTD and SeroStrip were 100% sensitive and specific. Capillus failed to identify two of eight subtype C specimens (overall sensitivity of 98.85%), while the SUDS test (the only test approved by the Food and Drug Administration) gave false-positive results for 5 of 69 seronegative specimens (specificity of 93.24%). Our results suggest that although rapid tests perform well in general, it may be prudent to evaluate a rapid test for sensitivity and specificity in a local population prior to its widespread use.

Risk factors for false positive and for false negative test results in screening with fecal occult blood testing

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (10) ◽  
pp. 2408-2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Stegeman ◽  
Thomas R. de Wijkerslooth ◽  
Esther M. Stoop ◽  
Monique van Leerdam ◽  
M. van Ballegooijen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Testing ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Test ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
False Negative Test

scholarly journals Informed choice on Pap smear still limited by lack of knowledge on the meaning of false-positive or false-negative test results

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida J. Korfage ◽  
Marjolein van Ballegooijen ◽  
Brendy Wauben ◽  
J. Dik F. Habbema ◽  
Marie-Louise Essink-Bot
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Test ◽  
False Negative Test ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

scholarly journals Detecção de HIV/AIDS por meio de teste rápido: estudo comparativo

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Alecsandra Bezerra Monteiro de Oliveira ◽  
Carmem Gabriela Gomes de Figueiredo ◽  
Maria Soraya Pereira Franco Adriano
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Aids

Dada a importância do teste rápido para diagnóstico da infecção pelo vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV), determinamos o número de testes rápidos (TR) realizados e reagentes entre 2015 e 2016 pela seção de DST/Aids do município de João Pessoa/PB, Brasil. Dos 77130 TR realizados pelo Serviço de Atendimento Especializado/Centro de Testagem e Acompanhamento e Rede Cegonha de João Pessoa/PB/Brasil, 45.91 % e 54.09% foram executados 2015 e 2016 respectivamente. Em todo o período 445 foram reagentes para o HIV ½, sendo os meses de maio, julho e novembro de 2016 os que apresentaram maior taxa de detecção (n=34, n=39, n=23 respectivamente). Verificamos um aumento de 15,1% de testes rápidos realizados e de 35,8% de testes reagentes no ano 2016 para o HIV 1/2 permitindo a detecção precoce já na atenção primária à saúde e o acesso ao tratamento adequado dos pacientes através de ações previstas nas políticas públicas vigentes no país.Descritores: HIV, Diagnóstico, Promoção da Saúde. Detection of HIV/AIDs through rapid test: a comparative studyAbstract: Given the importance of the rapid test for diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, we determined the number of rapid tests (RT) performed and reagents between 2015 and 2016 by the DST/AIDS section of the city of João Pessoa/PB, Brazil. Of the 77130 TR carried out by the Specialized Attendance Service/Center for Testing and Monitoring and Stork Network of João Pessoa/PB/Brazil, 45.91% and 54.09% were executed in 2015 and 2016 respectively. In the whole period, 445 were HIV 1/2 reagents, with May, July and November 2016 having the highest detection rate (n=34, n=39, n=23 respectively). We verified a 15.1% increase in rapid tests performed and 35.8% in reagent tests in the year 2016 for HIV 1/2, allowing for early detection in primary health care and access to adequate treatment of patients through actions foreseen in the public policies in force in the country.Descriptors: HIV, Diagnosis, Health Promotion. Detección del VIH/SIDA por medio de prueba rápida: estudio comparativoResumen: Dada la importancia de la prueba rápida para el diagnóstico de la infección por el virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH), determinamos el número de pruebas rápidas (TR) realizadas y reactivas entre 2015 y 2016 por la sección de ITS/Sida del municipio de João Pessoa/PB, Brasil. De los 77130 TR realizados por el Servicio de Atención Especializada/Centro de Pruebas y Seguimiento y Red Cigüeña de João Pessoa/PB/Brasil, el 45.91% y el 54.09% fueron ejecutados 2015 y 2016 respectivamente. En todo el período 445 fueron reactivos para el VIH 1/2, siendo los meses de mayo, julio y noviembre de 2016 los que presentaron mayor tasa de detección (n=34, n=39, n=23, respectivamente). Hemos comprobado un aumento del 15,1% de pruebas rápidas realizadas y del 35,8% de pruebas reactivas en el año 2016 para el VIH 1/2, permitiendo la detección precoz ya en la atención primaria a la salud y el acceso al tratamiento adecuado de los pacientes a través de acciones previstas en las políticas públicas vigentes en el país.Descriptores: VIH, Diagnóstico, Promoción de la Salud.

RE: “PROBABILITY OF INTRODUCING DISEASES BECAUSE OF FALSE NEGATIVE TEST RESULTS”

1991 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Thorburn ◽  
John J. McDermott ◽  
S. Wayne Martin
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Test ◽  
False Negative Test

scholarly journals Evaluation of antenatal rapid human immunodeficiency virus testing in rural South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson ◽  
Pravi Moodley ◽  
Benn Sartorius ◽  
Paul K. Drain
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rapid Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Hiv Rapid Testing ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Testing Algorithm

Introduction: South African guidelines recommend two rapid tests for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using the serial HIV testing algorithm, but the accuracy and compliance to this algorithm is unknown in rural clinics. We evaluated the accuracy of HIV rapid testing and the time to receiving test results among pregnant women in rural KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).Method: We observed the accuracy of rapid HIV testing algorithms for 208 consenting antenatal patients accessing voluntary HIV testing services in nine rural primary healthcare (PHC) clinics in KZN. A PHC-based HIV counsellor obtained finger-prick whole blood from each participant to perform rapid testing using the Advanced Quality™ One Step anti-HIV (1&2) and/or ABON™ HIV 1/2/O Tri-Line HIV test. A research nurse obtained venous blood for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) HIV test, which is the gold standard diagnostic test. We recorded the time of receipt of HIV test results for each test.Results: Among 208 pregnant women with a mean age of 26 years, 72 women from nine rural PHC clinics were identified as HIV-positive by two rapid tests with an HIV-prevalence of 35% (95% Bayesian credibility intervals [BCI]: 28% – 41%). Of the 208 patients, 135 patients from six clinics were tested with the serial HIV testing algorithm. The estimated sensitivity and specificity for the 135 participants were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93% – 100%) and 99% (CI: 95% – 100%), respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were estimated at 98% (CI: 94% – 100%) and 95% (CI: 88% – 99%), respectively. All women received their HIV rapid test results within 20 min of testing. Test stock-out resulted in poor test availability at point-of-care, preventing performance of a second HIV test in three out of nine PHC clinics in rural KZN.Conclusion: Despite the poor compliance with national guidelines for HIV rapid testing services, HIV rapid test results provided to pregnant women in rural PHC clinics in KZN were generally accurate and timely. Test stock-out was shown to be one of the barriers to test availability in rural PHC clinics, resulting in poor compliance with guidelines. We recommend a compulsory confirmation HIV rapid test for all HIV-negative test results obtained from pregnant patients in rural and resource-limited settings.

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