scholarly journals Detecção de HIV/AIDS por meio de teste rápido: estudo comparativo

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Alecsandra Bezerra Monteiro de Oliveira ◽  
Carmem Gabriela Gomes de Figueiredo ◽  
Maria Soraya Pereira Franco Adriano
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Aids

Dada a importância do teste rápido para diagnóstico da infecção pelo vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV), determinamos o número de testes rápidos (TR) realizados e reagentes entre 2015 e 2016 pela seção de DST/Aids do município de João Pessoa/PB, Brasil. Dos 77130 TR realizados pelo Serviço de Atendimento Especializado/Centro de Testagem e Acompanhamento e Rede Cegonha de João Pessoa/PB/Brasil, 45.91 % e 54.09% foram executados 2015 e 2016 respectivamente. Em todo o período 445 foram reagentes para o HIV ½, sendo os meses de maio, julho e novembro de 2016 os que apresentaram maior taxa de detecção (n=34, n=39, n=23 respectivamente). Verificamos um aumento de 15,1% de testes rápidos realizados e de 35,8% de testes reagentes no ano 2016 para o HIV 1/2 permitindo a detecção precoce já na atenção primária à saúde e o acesso ao tratamento adequado dos pacientes através de ações previstas nas políticas públicas vigentes no país.Descritores: HIV, Diagnóstico, Promoção da Saúde. Detection of HIV/AIDs through rapid test: a comparative studyAbstract: Given the importance of the rapid test for diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, we determined the number of rapid tests (RT) performed and reagents between 2015 and 2016 by the DST/AIDS section of the city of João Pessoa/PB, Brazil. Of the 77130 TR carried out by the Specialized Attendance Service/Center for Testing and Monitoring and Stork Network of João Pessoa/PB/Brazil, 45.91% and 54.09% were executed in 2015 and 2016 respectively. In the whole period, 445 were HIV 1/2 reagents, with May, July and November 2016 having the highest detection rate (n=34, n=39, n=23 respectively). We verified a 15.1% increase in rapid tests performed and 35.8% in reagent tests in the year 2016 for HIV 1/2, allowing for early detection in primary health care and access to adequate treatment of patients through actions foreseen in the public policies in force in the country.Descriptors: HIV, Diagnosis, Health Promotion. Detección del VIH/SIDA por medio de prueba rápida: estudio comparativoResumen: Dada la importancia de la prueba rápida para el diagnóstico de la infección por el virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH), determinamos el número de pruebas rápidas (TR) realizadas y reactivas entre 2015 y 2016 por la sección de ITS/Sida del municipio de João Pessoa/PB, Brasil. De los 77130 TR realizados por el Servicio de Atención Especializada/Centro de Pruebas y Seguimiento y Red Cigüeña de João Pessoa/PB/Brasil, el 45.91% y el 54.09% fueron ejecutados 2015 y 2016 respectivamente. En todo el período 445 fueron reactivos para el VIH 1/2, siendo los meses de mayo, julio y noviembre de 2016 los que presentaron mayor tasa de detección (n=34, n=39, n=23, respectivamente). Hemos comprobado un aumento del 15,1% de pruebas rápidas realizadas y del 35,8% de pruebas reactivas en el año 2016 para el VIH 1/2, permitiendo la detección precoz ya en la atención primaria a la salud y el acceso al tratamiento adecuado de los pacientes a través de acciones previstas en las políticas públicas vigentes en el país.Descriptores: VIH, Diagnóstico, Promoción de la Salud.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection with Different Subtypes Using Rapid Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Phillips ◽  
Timothy C. Granade ◽  
Chou-Pong Pau ◽  
Debra Candal ◽  
Dale J. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT We evaluated six rapid tests for their sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection using 241 specimens (172 HIV-1 positive, 69 HIV-1 negative) representing different HIV-1 subtypes (A [n = 40], B [n = 47], C [n = 28], E [n = 42], and F [n = 7]). HIVCHEK, Multispot, RTD and SeroStrip were 100% sensitive and specific. Capillus failed to identify two of eight subtype C specimens (overall sensitivity of 98.85%), while the SUDS test (the only test approved by the Food and Drug Administration) gave false-positive results for 5 of 69 seronegative specimens (specificity of 93.24%). Our results suggest that although rapid tests perform well in general, it may be prudent to evaluate a rapid test for sensitivity and specificity in a local population prior to its widespread use.

scholarly journals Chronic and Early Antiretroviral Therapy Impact Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Serological Assay Sensitivity, Leading to More False-Negative Test Results in HIV Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1660-1669
Author(s):  
Karolien Stoffels ◽  
Fien Vanroye ◽  
Virginie Mortier ◽  
Laurent Debaisieux ◽  
Marie-Luce Delforge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Test ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Confirmatory Assay ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
False Negative Test

Abstract This retrospective study evaluated the reactivity of 3 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) confirmatory assays (INNO-LIA, Geenius, and MP) and 7 HIV rapid tests on samples from 2 different study populations in Belgium. For the early-treated cohort (83 HIV-1 adult patients treated within 3 months after infection), HIV-1 diagnosis was not obtained in at least 1 confirmatory assay in 12.0% (10/83) and in an HIV rapid test in 31.3% (26/83). Confirmation assay sensitivities ranged from 87.5% to 95.2%, whereas rapid test assay sensitivities ranged from 75.9% to 100%. The time to treatment initiation or the length of time on treatment did not have a statistical influence on the probability to obtain a false-negative test result. The fastest reversion was demonstrated after 4 months of treatment. Among the long-term treated cohort (390 HIV-1 patients with ≥ 9 years of undetectable viral load), false-negative test results were found in at least 1 HIV confirmatory assay for 2.1% (8/390) of the patients and in a HIV rapid test for 4.9% (19/390). Confirmation assay sensitivities ranged from 98.1% to 99.5%, whereas rapid test sensitivities ranged from 96.2% to 100%. Longer treatment increased nonreactivity of the HIV rapid tests (P = .033). Undetectable viral load decreases the sensitivities of HIV diagnostic tests, and further monitoring of the performance of serological assays is advised.

scholarly journals Comprehensiveness and programmatic vulnerability to stds/hiv/aids in primary care

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Ferreira do Val ◽  
Lucia Yasuko Izumi Nichiata
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv Aids




This study aimed to identify programmatic vulnerability to STDs/HIV/AIDS in primary health centers (PHCs). This is a descrip - tive and quantitative study carried out in the city of São Paulo. An online survey was applied (FormSUS platform), involving administrators from 442 PHCs in the city, with responses received from 328 of them (74.2%), of which 53.6% were nurses. At - tention was raised in relation to program - matic vulnerability in the PHCs regarding certain items of infrastructure, prevention, treatment, prenatal care and integration among services on STDs/HIV/AIDS care. It was concluded that in order to reach comprehensiveness of actions for HIV/ AIDS in primary health care, it is necessary to consider programmatic vulnerability, in addition to more investment and reor - ganization of services in a dialogue with the stakeholders (users, multidisciplinary teams, and managers, among others).




scholarly journals Performance of Two Commercial Immunochromatographic Assays for Rapid Detection of Antibodies Specific to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Types 1 and 2 in Serum and Urine Samples in a Rural Community-Based Research Setting (Rakai, Uganda)

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Kagulire ◽  
P. D. Stamper ◽  
P. Opendi ◽  
J. L. Nakavuma ◽  
L. A. Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
Urine Assay ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Serum And Urine

ABSTRACT Rapid detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies is of great importance in developing and developed countries to diagnose HIV infections quickly and at low cost. In this study, two new immunochromatographic rapid tests for the detection of HIV antibodies (Aware HIV-1/2 BSP and Aware HIV-1/2 U; Calypte Biomedical Corporation) were evaluated in rural Africa to determine the tests' performance and comparability to commercially available conventional enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot (WB) tests. This prospective study was conducted from March 2005 through May 2005 using serum and urine from respondents in the Rakai Community Cohort Survey. Nine hundred sixty-three serum samples were tested with the Aware blood rapid assay (Aware-BSP) and compared to two independent EIAs for HIV plus confirmatory Calypte WB for any positive EIAs. The sensitivity of Aware-BSP was 98.2%, and the specificity was 99.8%. Nine hundred forty-two urine samples were run using the Aware urine assay (Aware-U) and linked to blood sample results for analysis. The sensitivity of Aware-U was 88.7% and specificity was 99.9% compared to blood EIAs confirmed by WB analysis. These results support the adoption of the Aware-BSP rapid test as an alternative to EIA and WB assays for the diagnosis of HIV in resource-limited settings. However, the low sensitivity of the Aware-U assay with its potential for falsely negative HIV results makes the urine assay less satisfactory.

scholarly journals Suitability of the HIV/AIDS Control Program in the HIV/AIDS Control Policy in Banjarmasin to Achieve "Getting to Zero"

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3(S)) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Nana Noviana ◽  
Sri Suwitri ◽  
Bambang Supriyono ◽  
Sutopo Patria Jati
Keyword(s):  
Control Policy ◽  
Control Program ◽  
City Government ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Stakeholder Support ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv Aids

Increasing HIV/AIDS infection has made Banjarmasin City government increasingly worried, sothat the realization of policy implementation is needed to solve the problem. Because if the problem ofHIV/AIDs is allowed to have an impact on regional development, budgeting and also have an impact onpoverty. Based on these, this research is focused on the suitability of the program with the needs of thecommunity in implementing HIV/AIDS control policies. This study aims to describe, analyze and interpretmatters relating to the suitability of the program with the need to implement policies in an effort to controlHIV/AIDS in the city of Banjarmasin. The qualitative research method uses a descriptive approach based on apublic policy perspective. This study seeks to present the empirical facts of the Banjarmasin Citygovernment's naturalistic actions and reveal hidden values. So it is expected to illustrate the phenomenon ofthe implementation of government policies regarding the suitability of the program with the need to controlHIV/AIDS in the city of Banjarmasin. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the suitabilityof the program with the needs in the Implementation of HIV/AIDS Control Policy in the city of Banjarmasinhas not run in accordance with the contents of the local regulations. Incompatibility of HIV/AIDS controlprograms with community needs in the city of Banjarmasin and the lack of stakeholder support andcoordination in efforts to control HIV/AIDS based on these findings and the suggestion of this research, it willhelp the Banjarmasin City Government take HIV/AIDS control policies that are oriented towards the needs ofthe people in Banjarmasin City. This research also aims to contribute to the public policy scientific literatureand individuals involved in controlling HIV/AIDS in the City of Banjarmasin.

scholarly journals Evolution in the Courtroom: Using Phylogenetics to Investigate Legal Claims of HIV Transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Toups ◽  
Jeremy M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Fast Rates

DNA sequences have become ubiquitous across the biological sciences and are even embedded in the public psyche, perhaps most famously in the context of forensic science. A human being’s DNA changes very little over his or her lifetime, and this inherent stability lends itself well to positively identifying individuals using DNA samples. However, not all genomes are so stable, even over short timespans. One particularly dramatic example is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Unlike the human genome, the HIV-1 genome has an extraordinarily high mutation rate. This, in combination with recombination, rapid proliferation, and strong selection exerted by host immune systems, leads to exceptionally fast rates of evolution. The result of these interacting processes is a population of diverse and dynamically evolving HIV-1 genomes in the host, which is one reason why the virus is so difficult to eradicate. HIV-1’s rapid rate of evolution also prevents the use of standard DNA fingerprinting techniques that rely on stable, unchanging genomes to connect the infections in different individuals, but such rapid evolution does lend itself particularly well to phylogenetic analysis.

The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Peripheral Arterial Disease in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462110094
Author(s):  
Amaraporn Rerkasem ◽  
Patumrat Sripan ◽  
Sasinat Pongtam ◽  
Sakaewan Ounjaijean ◽  
Kanokwan Kulprachakarn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Hiv 1

Adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) appear to be at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is particularly concerning as it is associated with myocardial infarction and stroke. Nevertheless, the incidence of PAD is still unknown. The authors prospectively recruited HIV-infected patients from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine in our center. We assessed ankle-brachial index (ABI) using the VaSera system™ (Fukuda Denshi Co., Ltd). Patients were grouped into 3 ABI levels: an ABI ≤0.90 was considered abnormal and evidence of PAD, an ABI 1.0 to 1.40 was considered normal, and 0.91 to 0.99 was considered borderline. Cardiovascular risk factors were compared across all 3 levels of ABI and were analyzed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression. Eight hundred ninety-two patients were recruited. The mean age was 42.9 ± 10.0 years and 458 (51.4%) were males. There were 704, 149, and 39 patients in the normal, borderline, and abnormal ABI groups, respectively. The latter group of 39 patients was considered to have PAD, yielding a prevalence of 4.37% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.21-5.93). Sex ratio, age, education levels, smoking rate, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, prevalence of comorbidities with hypertension and coronary heart disease, median triglyceride level, reduced kidney function and HIV-1 RNA undetectable ratio, duration of HIV diagnosis, and duration on antiretroviral treatment were significantly different among 3 ABI subgroups. Independent risk factors associated with PAD were being female (odds ratio [OR]: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.94-4.22), being <30 years of age (OR: 4.66; 95% CI: 2.78-7.81), being overweight (BMI 25-25.9; OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.20-0.76), being obese (BMI: 30; OR: 3.53; 95% CI: 1.51-8.22), having a diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.35-0.71), and having detectable HIV-1 RNA ≥20 copies/mL (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.13-3.03). In conclusion, the prevalence of PAD in HIV-infected Thais was 4.37% in infected patients on therapy attending outpatient clinics. For this population, PAD appears to be relatively poorly correlated with traditional risk factors of CVD.

scholarly journals Pengenalan Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome pada Pasien Anak Ditinjau dari Bidang Kedokteran Gigi Anak

Sari Pediatri ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Essie Octiara ◽  
Miftakhul Cahyati ◽  
Virmala Indah Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Aids

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) merupakan kumpulan gejala penyakityang disebabkan infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). 1 Di dunia pada tahun2002 sebanyak 3,2 juta anak telah terinfeksi HIV. Penularan HIV/AIDS pada anakdapat terjadi antara lain melalui tranfusi darah serta oleh ibu yang terinfeksi kepada bayiyang dikandungnya. Manifestasi pada rongga mulut merupakan salah satu gejala yangpertama kali timbul dan paling dapat dipercaya akan adanya infeksi HIV pada anak, danhal ini penting dalam mendiagnosis awal infeksi HIV serta dalam memberikan upayaintervensi dini. Manifestasi oral pada pasien anak dengan infeksi HIV berupa infeksijamur, virus, bakteri, neoplasma ataupun lesi idiopatik. Peran dokter gigi anak dalampreventif kesehatan mulut bagi pasien anak HIV antara lain melakukan supervisi semuapemberian makanan dengan botol, managemen medikasi yang kariogenik, sertamelakukan sealant dan pemberian fluor secara sistemik dan topikal.

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