scholarly journals CD4+ Cell Count and HIV Load as Predictors of Size of Anal Warts Over Time in HIV-Infected Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Luu ◽  
E. S. Amirian ◽  
W. Chan ◽  
R. P. Beasley ◽  
L. B. Piller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Anal Warts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Over Time

Late HIV presentation – missed opportunities and factors associated with a changing pattern over time

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 814-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah O’Connell ◽  
Julia Enkelmann ◽  
Corinna Sadlier ◽  
Colm Bergin
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Late Presenters ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Over Time

Delayed diagnosis of HIV infection has negative clinical, economic and public health implications. The study primary aim was to identify factors associated with late HIV presentation (Late Presenters [LPS], CD4 cell count < 350 cells/mm3). A secondary aim was to identify changing trends of late HIV presentation from 2002 to 2014 at our centre. A retrospective cohort study was performed. Demographic data and CD4 cell count of new HIV diagnoses presenting to our ambulatory HIV service over four time-periods from 2002 to 2014 were recorded. Proportion of LPS and factors associated with late presentation were compared using Graphpad Instat. In 2014, of 231 new patients attending for HIV care, 75 (32.6%) were late presenters versus 146 (66.4%) in 2002. This indicates a decreasing proportion of LPS from 2002 to 2014. However, the proportion of those with CD4 cell counts <200 on presentation at these two time intervals remain unchanged. The overall proportion of male LPS has increased over time and the proportion of LPS in the men who have sex with men (MSM) cohort has decreased over time, reflecting increased frequency of both HIV testing and diagnoses in MSM in recent years. The proportion of heterosexual LPS has not changed significantly in the same time period and LPS were older in 2014 versus 2002. The proportion of LPS defined by CD4 cell count remains higher than is justifiable in an era of increased HIV testing and awareness. Further targets for HIV testing to decrease rates of LPS include non-traditional risk groups including heterosexual and older patient cohorts. LPS rates are lower than rates found internationally, and it is possible that consensus definition of LPS needs to be revised.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Trend of CD4 Cell Count Over Time in Case of HIV/AIDS Patients under ART Follow-up

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kabtamu Tolosie Gergiso ◽  
Markos Abiso Erango
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Visit Time ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Over Time

Background: Globally 36.7 million people living with HIV, 1.8 million new HIV infection, and 1 million AIDS-related deaths in 2016.Patient mortality was high during the first 6 months after therapy for all patient subgroups and exceeded 40 per 100 patient years among patients who started treatment at low CD4 count. The aim this study was to evaluate the trend of CD4 cell count over time and to determine the progress of patient characteristics measured at baseline on CD4 cell count of HIV-infected patients who were under ART treatment in Arba Minch Hospital.  Methods: This study was retrospective follow up study using data extracted from medical records, patient interviews, and laboratory work-up. The study was employed among 550 adult patients that were selected by simple random sampling. The continuous outcome variable CD4 cell count has measured at months 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24. Longitudinal data analysis were used because the set of measurements on one patient tend to be correlated, measurements on the same patient close in time tend to be more highly correlated than measurements far apart in time, and the variability of longitudinal data often changes with time and the data handled through linear mixed effect models. Result: The fitted result of the linear mixed model showed that linear visit time effect and the baseline characteristics education status, condom, tobacco, degree of Disclosure, and weight effects had significant effect on CD4 measurements. Also, the interaction age with linear visit time effect had significant effect on the evolution of CD4 cell count. However, no significant difference between sex, WHO stage, and marital status groups. Conclusion: This study find that the CD4 cell count of HIV/AIDS patients is significantly determined by the visit time, education status, condom, tobacco, degree of Disclosure, and weight effects of patients.

Presentation to HIV care and antiretroviral therapy initiation and response in clinical practice from 2003 through 2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 853-860
Author(s):  
Andrea M Pallotta ◽  
Sana A Pirzada ◽  
Rabin K Shrestha ◽  
Belinda Yen-Lieberman ◽  
Leonard H Calabrese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Over Time

Universal HIV screening and treatment initiation of HIV-positive persons are well-established standards. However, late presentation to care is a barrier to early antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention of HIV transmission. We sought to determine the immunodeficiency at presentation to care and characterize the initiation and response to ART among HIV-positive persons over 2003–2013 in our urban HIV clinical practice at the Cleveland Clinic. Using a retrospective cohort study design, we assessed the CD4 cell count of HIV-positive patients at entry into care for each year and evaluated the trend over time. For patients who initiated treatment, we assessed the pretreatment CD4 cell count, consistency of timing and regimen with US treatment guidelines, and HIV RNA level at one-year and last follow-up visits. Regression analyses were used to determine predictors of study outcomes. We found that the cohort (N = 452) median CD4 cell count at presentation to care was 297 cells/mm3 (inter-quartile range: 104–479 cells/mm3), without any significant change over time (P = 0.62), and with 37% and 21% of presentations being late and advanced, respectively. Guideline-consistency (85%–100%) and regimen-consistency (41%–100%) were moderate to high and improved over time. Virologic suppression (<400 copies/ml) at one year and last follow-up was high (79% and 92%) and associated with regimen selection and durability. We conclude that CD4 cell count at first presentation to HIV care remained less than 350 cells/mm3 for 11 years in our clinical practice, despite advances in HIV testing and treatment guidelines. Early diagnosis and linkage to care and treatment are critical for ending the HIV epidemic.

scholarly journals Modelling Trends of Cd4 Counts for Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (Art) : After a Change in Who Guidelines in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline W Mugo ◽  
Ziv Shkedy ◽  
Samuel Mwalili ◽  
Roel Braekers ◽  
Dolphine Wandede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Regimens ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background In resource-limited settings, changes in CD4 counts constitute an important component in patient monitoring and evaluation of treatment response as these patients do not have access to routine viral load testing. In this study, we quantified trends on CD4 counts in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in a comprehensive health care clinic in Kenya between 2011 and 2017.We evaluated the rate of change in CD4 cell count in response to antiretroviral treatment. We further assessed factors that influenced time to treatment change focusing on baseline characteristics of the patients and different initial drug regimens used. The study involved 529 naïve HIV patients that had at least two CD4 count measurements for the period. The relationship between CD4 cell count and time was modeled using a semi parametric mixed effects model while the Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess factors associated with the first regimen change. Results The results demonstrated that CD4 counts increased over time and these trends were similar regardless of the treatment regimen used. Males were less likely to have drug regimens switch (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.5101, 95% CI: 0.1906 -1.3647) compared to females.Tenoforvir (TDF) based regimens had a lower drug substitution (aHR 0.2796, 95% CI: 0.0961-0.8629) compared to Zinovudine (AZT). Conclusion The backbone used was found to be associated with regimen changes among the patients with fewer switches being observed, with the use of TDF when compared to AZT. There was however no significant difference between TDF and AZT in terms of the change in CD4 count over time.

Self regard and concealment of homosexuality as predictors of CD4+ cell count over time among hiv seropositive gay men

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. Ullrich ◽  
Susan K. Lutgendorf ◽  
Jack T. Stapleton ◽  
Mardi Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals The Role of Aerosol Pentamidine Prophylaxis

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
E L C Ong
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most frequent opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS, occurring in 80% and recurring in 50% of patients within 12 months of the first episode. Prophylaxis for PCP is recommended if the CD4+ cell count is <200×106/l or 20% of the total lymphocyte count, or after an episode of PCP. The most effective prophylactic agent currently is trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and should be the drug of choice but alternatives such as aerosol pentamidine are being increasingly used for patients who cannot tolerate this combination or other oral preparations. If aerosol pentamidine is used and administered via a Respigard II Marquest nebulizer, the dosage should be higher than the currently recommended monthly dosage of 300 mg.

scholarly journals Frequency of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load in Iranian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Patients with CD4+ Counts <100 Cells/mm3

Intervirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari ◽  
Hoorieh Soleimanjahi ◽  
Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi ◽  
Mohammad Gholami ◽  
Leila Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of present work was to assess cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients with a CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> and to explore whether CMV DNA loads correlate with CD4+ cell counts or associated retinitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was conducted at the AIDS research center in Iran on HIV-1-infected patients with CD4+ count &#x3c;100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>, antiretroviral therapy-naive, aged ≥18 years with no previous history of CMV end-organ disease (CMV-EOD). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-nine of 82 patients (47.56%) had detectable CMV viral load ranging from 66 to 485,500 IU/mL. CMV viral load in patients with retinitis ranges from 352 to 2,720 IU/mL, and it was undetectable in 2 patients. No significant associations between CMV viremia and CD4+ cell count was found (<i>p</i> value = 0.31), whereas significant association of CMV viremia in HIV-infected patients with retinitis was found (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.02). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We estimated the frequency of CMV viral load infection in Iranian HIV-1-infected patients with a CD4+ cell count &#x3c;100 mm<sup>3</sup>/mL in the largest national referral center for HIV-1 infection in Iran. Further research is required on the relevance of CMV viral load in diagnostic and prognostic value of CMV-EOD.

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