scholarly journals Comprehensive characterization of cellular immune responses following Ebola virus infection

2016 ◽  
pp. jiw508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Dahlke ◽  
Sebastian Lunemann ◽  
Rahel Kasonta ◽  
Benno Kreuels ◽  
Stefan Schmiedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization ◽  
Ebola Virus Infection

scholarly journals Human Ebola virus infection results in substantial immune activation

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (15) ◽  
pp. 4719-4724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita K. McElroy ◽  
Rama S. Akondy ◽  
Carl W. Davis ◽  
Ali H. Ellebedy ◽  
Aneesh K. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Ebola Virus Infection

Four Ebola patients received care at Emory University Hospital, presenting a unique opportunity to examine the cellular immune responses during acute Ebola virus infection. We found striking activation of both B and T cells in all four patients. Plasmablast frequencies were 10–50% of B cells, compared with less than 1% in healthy individuals. Many of these proliferating plasmablasts were IgG-positive, and this finding coincided with the presence of Ebola virus-specific IgG in the serum. Activated CD4 T cells ranged from 5 to 30%, compared with 1–2% in healthy controls. The most pronounced responses were seen in CD8 T cells, with over 50% of the CD8 T cells expressing markers of activation and proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that all four patients developed robust immune responses during the acute phase of Ebola virus infection, a finding that would not have been predicted based on our current assumptions about the highly immunosuppressive nature of Ebola virus. Also, quite surprisingly, we found sustained immune activation after the virus was cleared from the plasma, observed most strikingly in the persistence of activated CD8 T cells, even 1 mo after the patients’ discharge from the hospital. These results suggest continued antigen stimulation after resolution of the disease. From these convalescent time points, we identified CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses to several Ebola virus proteins, most notably the viral nucleoprotein. Knowledge of the viral proteins targeted by T cells during natural infection should be useful in designing vaccines against Ebola virus.

scholarly journals Recombinant proteins of Zaire ebolavirus induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses and protect against live virus infection in mice

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (22) ◽  
pp. 3090-3100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel T. Lehrer ◽  
Teri-Ann S. Wong ◽  
Michael M. Lieberman ◽  
Tom Humphreys ◽  
David E. Clements ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Zaire Ebolavirus ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Safety and Immunogenicity of Heterologous and Homologous 2-Dose Regimens of Adenovirus Serotype 26– and Modified Vaccinia Ankara–Vectored Ebola Vaccines: A Randomized, Controlled Phase 1 Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Goldstein ◽  
Viki Bockstal ◽  
Stephan Bart ◽  
Kerstin Luhn ◽  
Cynthia Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Adenovirus Serotype ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Background This phase 1 placebo-controlled study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of 2-dose regimens of Ad26.ZEBOV (adenovirus serotype 26 [Ad26]) and MVA-BN-Filo (modified vaccinia Ankara [MVA]) vaccines with booster vaccination at day 360. Methods Healthy US adults (N = 164) randomized into 10 groups received saline placebo or standard or high doses of Ad26 or MVA in 2-dose regimens at 7-, 14-, 28-, or 56-day intervals; 8 groups received booster Ad26 or MVA vaccinations on day 360. Participants reported solicited and unsolicited reactogenicity; we measured immunoglobulin G binding, neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses to Ebola virus glycoprotein. Results All regimens were well tolerated with no serious vaccine-related adverse events. Heterologous (Ad26,MVA [dose 1, dose 2] or MVA,Ad26) and homologous (Ad26,Ad26) regimens induced humoral and cellular immune responses 21 days after dose 2; responses were higher after heterologous regimens. Booster vaccination elicited anamnestic responses in all participants. Conclusions Both heterologous and homologous Ad26,MVA Ebola vaccine regimens are well tolerated in healthy adults, regardless of interval or dose level. Heterologous 2-dose Ad26,MVA regimens containing an Ebola virus insert induce strong, durable humoral and cellular immune responses. Immunological memory was rapidly recalled by booster vaccination, suggesting that Ad26 booster doses could be considered for individuals at risk of Ebola infection, who previously received the 2-dose regimen.

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