Management of Dry Eyes

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 706-709
Author(s):  
Richard Newsom ◽  
Chantal Simon
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Dry Eyes

A dry eye (sometimes called keratoconjunctivitis sicca) is an eye where there are insuffi cient or inadequate tears to keep the front surface of the eye moist. Patients usually complain of grittiness or irritation which often worsens towards the end of the day.

scholarly journals Dry Eye Syndrome in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence, Etiology, and Clinical Characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Zhang ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Shijing Deng ◽  
Xuguang Sun ◽  
Ningli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Surface System ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Function Unit ◽  
Substantial Progress

There has been substantial progress in our understanding of the ocular surface system/lacrimal function unit in the past 15 years. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, more commonly referred to as dry eye syndrome (DES), is the most frequently encountered condition and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been identified as one of the leading causes of DES. Poor glycemic control affects both the anterior and the posterior segments of the eye and increasing prevalence of diabetes-associated DES (DMDES) has been reported in recent years. The pathogenesis and specific features of DMDES remain uncertain and interventions are limited to those used in DES. This review outlines the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and the current preventive and treatment strategies for diabetes-related DES.

Management of the dry eye

1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 81-83
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽  
Sjogren’S Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren's Syndrome ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Tear Flow ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Sjögren‘S Syndrome

A reduced tear flow may produce keratoconjunctivitis sicca. When this occurs with xerostomia (dry mouth) it comprises Sjogren’s syndrome which is usually associated with one of a variety of systemic disorders, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. Patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca usually present with non-specific symptoms, such as soreness, grittiness or a feeling of a foreign body in the eye, and the lack of tears may be overlooked.

Primary Sjögren Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. William St. Clair ◽  
Melissa A. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Rheumatologic Diseases ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition

This review focuses on the primary category of Sjögren syndrome (SS), a chronic inflammatory condition that is defined by the presence of dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) or dry mouth (xerostomia) in the absence of other rheumatologic diseases. SS may also have extraglandular manifestations in the form of pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, and neurologic diseases that can cause significant morbidity and increased mortality and is distinct from other connective tissue diseases. Although the etiology of primary SS is unknown, genome-wide association studies are continuing to reveal that susceptibility to the disease is based on genetic predisposition; patients with primary SS have been identified with several non–major histocompatibility complex genetic polymorphisms that are statistically associated with increased disease susceptibility. In a recent study, blood CD4+ T cells from patients with primary SS were shown to differ in their patterns of DNA methylation compared with healthy controls and demonstrated that many genes involved in lymphocyte activation and the immune response were poised for transcription. Treatment of primary SS mainly involves relief of symptoms and prevention of long-term disease complications. Although biologic therapies have been studied, the results so far have been either negative or inconclusive. This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 89 references.

Tear secretion from the lacrimal gland: variations in normal versus dry eyes

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-318159
Author(s):  
Swati Singh ◽  
Swapna S Shanbhag ◽  
Sayan Basu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Tear Secretion ◽  
Direct Assessment ◽  
Tear Flow

PurposeTo investigate the secretory status of the main lacrimal gland in healthy and dry eye disease (DED) via fluorescein-assisted direct assessment of tear secretion from the palpebral lobes.MethodsIncluded were 25 healthy subjects (50 lobes) and 75 subjects with DED (cicatrising conjunctivitis (CC, n=27), evaporative dry eyes (EDE, n=25) and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS, n=23)). Analysed parameters included number and location of ductular openings, tear flow rate per gland and per ductule, and the time lag for the initiation of secretion.ResultsDuctular openings could be observed in all patients with EDE and healthy subjects whereas only 33% (18/54) glands of CC patients and 67% glands (31/46) patients with SS revealed ductules. The median number of ductules per lobe was 4 in normal (range 3–5), 3 in EDE (3–6), 1 in SS (0–3) and 0 in CC group (0–3) (p<0.000001). The median tear flow rate per lobe in CC (0.00 μL/min) and SS (0.21 μL/min) was significantly lesser than normal lobes (1.05 μL/min, and EDE (0.99 μL/min eyes. The tear flow rate differed significantly between SS and CC group (p<0.0001). The maximum time lag occurred in the CC group (median, 20 s), followed by the SS group (median, 1.5 s) whereas the EDE group had similar time lag (<1 s) as of normal glands (p<0.0001).ConclusionDirect assessment of tear secretion from the palpebral lobe demonstrates significant differences between EDE, aqueous deficient dry eye and dry eye in CC.

Proteomic analysis of tears and serum for dry eye disease using ovariectomized cynomolgus monkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiaolong yang ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkey ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background Ovariectomized cynomolgus monkey 30 months after surgery was selected as the research object to identify protein changes in tears and serum to provide a reference for the diagnosis and pathogenesis of dry eye in menopausal women. Methods Six cynomolgus monkey were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group (3 in each group). The experimental group underwent bilateral ovariectomy, while the control group underwent sham surgery with their ovaries reserved. Proteomic analysis was performed by LC-MS/MS on tears and serum collected from two groups. Differentially expressed proteins were identified and were performed cluster analysis, which included gene ontology, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and protein-protein interaction. Results 33 differentially expressed proteins have been identified in tears and17 differentially expressed proteins have been identified in serum. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis in tears has discovered Glucagon signaling pathway and neurotrophin signaling pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dry eye. Gene ontology enrichment analysis in serum has discovered insulin-like growth factor binding and growth factor binding in molecular function probably make effort in pathogenesis of dry eye. KEGG analysis in serum has discovered salivary secretion may be the key pathway in pathogenesis of dry eye. Conclusions Protein G7PCH4, Q2PG17 and G7PT55 in tears may be the key protein in pathogenesis of dry eyes. Protein G7P1T1, G7PUN9 and G8F302 in serum may play an important role in pathogenesis of dry eyes.

scholarly journals Defining the needs and preferences of patients with dry eye disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000315
Author(s):  
Penny Asbell ◽  
Elisabeth Messmer ◽  
Colin Chan ◽  
Gary Johnson ◽  
Brigitte Sloesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Visual Disturbance ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Emerging Trends

ObjectiveDry eye disease is a multifactorial chronic disease, leading to ocular discomfort and visual disturbance with a substantial impact on quality of life. Therefore, the patient’s perspective should be taken into account early in the drug development process. We have developed a step-by-step methodology based on the self-explicated conjoint approach to assess the needs and preferences of patients with moderate-to-severe dry eye disease.Methods and AnalysisFollowing a literature review and social media listening (step 0), qualitative phone call interviews were conducted with 12 patients (step 1). Patients’ responses underwent content analysis and were coded, quantified and displayed as charts. Based on the emerging trends and attributes identified as relevant in steps 0 and 1, a quantitative online questionnaire was designed and conducted with 160 patients across four countries (step 2).ResultsThe online questionnaire was rated as easy/very easy to understand by 60% of respondents, 62% rated the survey as easy/very easy to complete and 71% rated it as interesting/very interesting. Treatment satisfaction was the most important aspect for patients, and the three most relevant attributes were as follows (with the most important indexed to 100%): ‘treatment effectiveness on symptoms of dry eyes’ (100%), ‘frequency of treatment use’ (96%) and ‘how the treatment works’ (95%).ConclusionOur methodology was well received by patients, and the results will help inform future clinical trial development and discussions with health technology assessment bodies and regulators on unmet needs and product attributes that are of most value to patients with dry eye disease.

scholarly journals A Randomized, Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of a New Eyedrop Formulation for Moderate to Severe Dry Eye Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Chiambaretta ◽  
Serge Doan ◽  
Marc Labetoulle ◽  
Nicolas Rocher ◽  
Lamia El Fekih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Conjunctival Hyperemia ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Global Performance

Purpose This study compared the efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid (HA)-trehalose, a new eyedrop containing trehalose (a natural bioprotectant) and HA, to an established formulation containing only HA. Methods This was a phase III, randomized, active-controlled, investigator-masked, multicenter study in France and Tunisia. In all, 105 adult patients (≥18 years) with moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED) received either HA-trehalose (n = 52) or HA (n = 53) 3-6 times per day for 84 days. The primary efficacy variable was the Oxford grading score at day 35. A questionnaire on dry eye and symptoms, Schirmer test, tear break-up time, conjunctival hyperemia, and global performance were assessed as secondary efficacy criteria at baseline, day 35, and day 84. Safety assessments were standard. Results Noninferiority of HA-trehalose to HA for keratoconjunctivitis sicca assessed by Oxford grading score was demonstrated at day 35. For the secondary efficacy parameters, reductions in dry eye questionnaire classes of none or mild at day 84, dry eye symptoms of stinging, itching, and blurred vision at day 35, and investigator (days 35 and 84) and patient assessments (day 35) of global performance were significantly better for HA-trehalose. There were no clinically meaningful differences between groups for the other secondary criteria. Both treatments were well-tolerated, and there were fewer ocular symptoms upon instillation and fewer adverse events for HA-trehalose than for HA. Conclusions Hyaluronic acid-trehalose is effective and safe, with better patient satisfaction, than existing HA-only eyedrops particularly from the first month of treatment, and offers a therapeutic advancement in the treatment of moderate to severe DED.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document