Dry Eye Syndrome in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence, Etiology, and Clinical Characteristics

There has been substantial progress in our understanding of the ocular surface system/lacrimal function unit in the past 15 years. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, more commonly referred to as dry eye syndrome (DES), is the most frequently encountered condition and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been identified as one of the leading causes of DES. Poor glycemic control affects both the anterior and the posterior segments of the eye and increasing prevalence of diabetes-associated DES (DMDES) has been reported in recent years. The pathogenesis and specific features of DMDES remain uncertain and interventions are limited to those used in DES. This review outlines the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and the current preventive and treatment strategies for diabetes-related DES.

Download Full-text

“Keratrop” eye drops efficacy in dry eye syndrome treatment in diabetic patients

The Eye ◽

10.33791/2222-4408-2020-4-36-41 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4(132)) ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

F. A. Bakhritdinova ◽

F. A. Haydarova ◽

K. I. Narzikulova ◽

I. F. Nabieva

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Artificial Tears ◽

Antidiabetic Treatment ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Significance. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide. People with diabetes are at higher risk to dry eye syndrome (DES). The increasing dependence of society on computers, air conditioning, and visual workload, etc. results in an increase in the manifestations of DES in diabetic patients. A significant part of the socially active population with diabetes requires prescription of drugs aimed at correcting disorders associated with both hyperglycemia and dry eyes. Conservative treatment of DES in case of diabetes includes prescription of artificial tears, metabolic, immunocorrecting, hormonal, antiallergic therapies as well as treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The tear substitutes, however, cannot always satisfy the needs of doctors and patients due to the imperfections of their formulas. Therefore, more and more new drugs are introduced to the market that require a comprehensive assessment.Purpose. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Keratrop eye drops – a new artificial tear formulation – in dry eye syndrome treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods. The study included 65 patients (130 eyes) with dry eye syndrome stages I and II associated with mild and moderate diabetes. These were adult patients of both sexes who had not previously received artificial tears as treatment and were undergoing either inpatient or domiciliary care. All studied patients provided a written informed consent and were divided into 2 groups by random sampling. The main group (35 patients) was receiving Keratrop instillations 2 times a day during 14 days, in the course of antidiabetic treatment. Instillations of “artificial tear” were not prescribed to patients of the control group (30 patients), and they only received antidiabetic treatment prescribed by the endocrinologist. Before and after treatment, all patients underwent standard ophthalmic examinations, meibography imaging, tear film assessment and filled in OSDI questionnaires.Results. The study showed that during treatment, in patients of the experimental group – with both I and II dry eye syndrome stages – a significant decrease in subjective and objective manifestations was observed, along with an improvement in the tear film stability. In the control group, positive dynamics was observed only in patients with the first stage of dry eye syndrome.Conclusion. Dry eye syndrome treatment in patients with diabetes should be comprehensive and must include both basic antidiabetic therapy and instillation of tear substitutes.

Download Full-text

Complex therapy "dry eye syndrome" in patients with diabetes mellitus

ACADEMICIA An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal ◽

10.5958/2249-7137.2020.01176.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 673

Author(s):

G. R. Odilova ◽

B. Narzullaev

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Complex Therapy ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Download Full-text

Pengaruh HbA1c Terhadap Sindroma Mata Kering Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus di Surabaya

Hang Tuah Medical journal ◽

10.30649/htmj.v18i1.268 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

NI WAYAN WIWIN OKTORI ◽

VARIDIANTO YUDO TJAHJONO

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Health Center ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Research Data ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Hba1c Test ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Schirmer I Test ◽

Hba1c Levels

AbstractBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem experienced by many countries and becomes a serious problem, affecting health in the world. Various complications of DM related to the surface of the eye is dry eye syndrome. Dry eye syndrome is an eye disorder with symptoms of discomfort, pain, dryness and foreign body sensation in the eye. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is one indicator of DM and it is stated that the prevalence of dry eye syndrome is significantly higher in DM sufferers than in healthy individuals. The Aim of this study to know the effect of HbA1c on dry eye syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus Method :. This study used a cross sectional method and the sampling method used was purposive sampling. Samples taken as many as 34 people are patients with diabetes mellitus aged 18-55 years who have HbA1c results seen from medical records at the Public Health Center Jagir Surabaya. The research data was taken using the Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ), interviews and Schirmer Test I. The research data was then analyzed using a contingency test.Result: The significance value of the HbA1c test with the Schirmer I Test showed p = 0.026; that’s means a significant effect between HbA1c levels on dry eye syndrome with the Schirmer I Test and the significance value of the HbA1c test with the DEQ questionnaire shows p <0.001; that’s means a significant effect between HbA1c levels on dry eye syndrome and DEQ questionnaire, performed on patients with diabetes mellitus in Jagir Health Center, Surabaya City<pre>Conclusion: There is an influence of HbA1c levels on dry eye syndrome</pre> Key Word : Dry Eye, Dry Eye Questionnaire, HbA1c, Diabetes Mellitus.

Download Full-text

The basics of the prevention and treatment of dry eye syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus

Vrach ◽

10.29296/25877305-2019-04-11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

Author(s):

V. Shishkova

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Download Full-text

Biochemical studies of tears in patients with diabetes mellitus and dry eye syndrome

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj1931 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 733-735

Author(s):

A M Nugumanova ◽

G H Khamitova

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

The Third ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Tear Glucose

Aim. To study the lacrimal fluid glucose level in patients with diabetes and dry eye syndrome with hyperglycemia and after compensation. Methods. Glucose oxidase method was used to determine the level of glucose in tears of 40 patients with diabetes (80 eyes) who were treated at the endocrinology department. Of these, the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 has been established in 17 (42.5%) patients, type 2 - in 23 (57.5%). The study also included the control group, which included 20 healthy volunteers (40 eyes) aged 25 to 45 years (12 females, 8 males). Three groups were formed: healthy subjects, patients with diabetes mellitus and no signs of dry eye syndrome, patients with diabetes mellitus and clinical signs of dry eye syndrome. Results. Glucose level in the tear fluid of healthy individuals did not exceed 0.2 mmol/l. No signs of «dry eye» syndrome were found in patients with blood glucose levels up to 9 mmol/l (2nd clinical group). Patients of 3rd group were observed with the clinical symptoms with «dry eye» syndrome if there was an increase of blood glucose level over 17 mmol/l, tear glucose levels were also increased to 7 mmol/l. After the treatment the level of blood glucose in the patients of the second group decreased from 9 to 5 mmol/l, while tear glucose levels decreased from 1.2 to 0.5 mmol/l. In the third group the same clinical pattern was observed: reduction of blood glucose from 17.1 to 7 mmol/l was accompanied by a decrease of tear glucose levels from 7 to 1 mmol/l. There was a reduction of the subjective complaints characteristic for dry eye syndrome in patients from the third group. Conclusion. «Dry eye» syndrome is associated with increased tear glucose levels. The blood glucose level control is one of the methods of dry eye syndrome prevention in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Download Full-text

Current state-of-the-art antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease

Future Cardiology ◽

10.2217/fca-2021-0014 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Johny Nicolas ◽

Victor Razuk ◽

Gennaro Giustino ◽

Roxana Mehran

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Anticoagulation Therapy ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Current State ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

The Status ◽

Artery Disease

Diabetes mellitus is a complex disease that leads to long-term damage to various organ systems. Among the numerous cardiovascular disease-related complications, thrombotic events frequently occur in patients with diabetes. Although guidelines exist for treating and preventing most diabetes-related co-morbidities, the evidence on antithrombotic therapy in primary and secondary prevention is limited due to the scarcity of randomized trials dedicated to patients with diabetes mellitus. Most of the available data are derived from studies that only included a small proportion of patients with diabetes. The present review provides an overview of the status of knowledge on antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy in patients with diabetes, focusing on the risk–benefit balance of these therapies and future treatment strategies.

Download Full-text

THE USE OF A VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX IN THE COMBINED THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CLINICAL TRIAL

Trace Elements in Medicine (Moscow) ◽

10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-1-60-71 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 60-71

Author(s):

I.A. Lapik ◽

◽

K.M. Gapparova ◽

A.V. Galchenko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Combined Therapy ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Micronutrient Deficiency ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Mineral Complex ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Low caloric diet is used in the complex treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the reduced caloric food can inadvertently lead to decreased intake of micronutrients. The main goal of the research was to assess the necessity and effectiveness of the vitamin-mineral complex in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with obesity. Methods: 80 females suffering from type 2 diabetes and obesity, ranging from 40 to 65 years old participated in the study. The total patients were divided into two groups, each containing 40 patients. All patients were given a personalized diet and 1000mg of metformin every day. The experimental group, besides that, received vitamin-mineral complex. The biochemical analysis of the blood, composition of the body, and the complaint on micronutrient deficiency were taken before the experiment and after 14 days of the therapy. Results: Supplementation of the vitamin-mineral complex was associated with higher blood serum levels of vitamins B6, B12, B9, C, D, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc, and lower levels of glucose. Clinical manifestations, associated with micronutrient deficiency, were significantly decreased in patients who were given vitamin-mineral complex. All these changes were valid both in relation to the initial level in the study group and to the indicators after treatment in the control group. Conclusion: Micronutrient supplements may be a very important part of the combined therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity.

Download Full-text