Responsibility-Sharing in Refugee Protection: Lessons from Climate Governance

Global Climate ◽

International Governance ◽

Allocation Mechanism ◽

Climate Governance ◽

Refugee Protection ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Abstract The international governance of asylum requires states to cooperate to provide the public good of humanitarian protection. The need to establish responsibility-sharing resembles the collective action problem in climate change mitigation. While there is a general consensus on the differentiation of state responsibilities in most environmental agreements, states continuously fail to progress on responsibility-sharing in asylum governance. In this article, we compare the collective action challenges in asylum to those in climate governance and identify the similarities and differences in their characteristics as public goods. We then discuss the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” that guides global climate change mitigation and demonstrate how equity principles can be applied to differentiate state responsibilities in the context of humanitarian protection. The subsequent analysis of recent efforts to establish effective responsibility-sharing reveals the trade-offs involved in the design of a responsibility allocation mechanism for refugee protection. Our findings provide important lessons for the prospects and limits of responsibility-sharing in asylum governance.

Impacts of global climate change mitigation scenarios on forests and harvesting in Sweden

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2016-0122 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 1427-1438 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Eva-Maria Nordström ◽

Nicklas Forsell ◽

Anders Lundström ◽

Anu Korosuo ◽

Johan Bergh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Energy Use ◽

Global Climate ◽

National Level ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Biomass Resources ◽

Supply Potential ◽

Under climate change, the importance of biomass resources is likely to increase and new approaches are needed to analyze future material and energy use of biomass globally and locally. Using Sweden as an example, we present an approach that combines global and national land-use and forest models to analyze impacts of climate change mitigation ambitions on forest management and harvesting in a specific country. National forest impact analyses in Sweden have traditionally focused on supply potential with little reference to international market developments. In this study, we use the global greenhouse gas concentration scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change to estimate global biomass demand and assess potential implications on harvesting and biodiversity in Sweden. The results show that the short-term demand for wood is close to the full harvesting potential in Sweden in all scenarios. Under high bioenergy demand, harvest levels are projected to stay high over a longer time and particularly impact the harvest levels of pulpwood. The area of old forest in the managed landscape may decrease. This study highlights the importance of global scenarios when discussing national-level analysis and pinpoints trade-offs that policy making in Sweden may need to tackle in the near future.

Identifying integrated options for agricultural climate change mitigation

International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management ◽

10.1108/ijccsm-09-2012-0053 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 192-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John Tzilivakis ◽

Kathleen Lewis ◽

Andrew Green ◽

Douglas Warner

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Effective Means ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Management Options ◽

Content Type ◽

Mitigation Options ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Environmental Objectives ◽

Purpose – In order to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it is essential that all industry sectors have the appropriate knowledge and tools to contribute. This includes agriculture, which is considered to contribute about a third of emissions globally. This paper reports on one such tool: IMPACCT: Integrated Management oPtions for Agricultural Climate Change miTigation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – IMPACCT focuses on GHGs, carbon sequestration and associated mitigation options. However, it also attempts to include information on economic and other environmental impacts in order to provide a more holistic perspective. The model identifies mitigation options, likely economic impacts and any synergies and trade-offs with other environmental objectives. The model has been applied on 22 case study farms in seven Member States. Findings – The tool presents some useful concepts for developing carbon calculators in the future. It has highlighted that calculators need to evolve from simply calculating emissions to identifying cost-effective and integrated emissions reduction options. Practical implications – IMPACCT has potential to become an effective means of provided targeted guidance, as part of a broader knowledge transfer programme based on an integrated suite of guidance, tools and advice delivered via different media. Originality/value – IMPACCT is a new model that demonstrates how to take a more integrated approach to mitigating GHGs on farms across Europe. It is a holistic carbon calculator that presents mitigation options in the context other environmental and economic objectives in the search for more sustainable methods of food production.

International Governance on Carbon Tariff and Its Vacuum in International Regime

Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies ◽

10.1142/s2345748113500085 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 1350008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mou WANG

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Developing Countries ◽

International Trade ◽

Global Climate ◽

Developed Countries ◽

International Governance ◽

International Consensus ◽

Climate Governance ◽

Emission Quota ◽

Carbon Tariff

Drawing on the idea that countries are eligible to implement differentiated emission reduction policies based on their respective capabilities, some parties of UNFCCC attempt to weaken the principle of “Common but differentiated responsibilities(CBDR)” and impose carbon tariff on international trade. This initiative is in fact another camouflage to burden developing countries with emission cut obligation, which has no doubt undermined the development rights of developing countries. This paper defines Carbon Tariff as border measures that target import goods with embodied carbon emission. It can be import tariffs or other domestic tax measures that adjust border tax, which includes plain import tariffs and export rebates, border tax adjustment, emission quota and permit etc. For some developed countries, carbon tariffs mean to sever trade protectionism and to build trade barriers. Its theoretical arguments like “loss of comparative advantage”, “carbon leakage decreases environmental effectiveness” and “theoretical model bases” are pseudo-propositions without international consensus. Carbon tariff has become an intensively debated issue due to its duality of climate change and trade, but neither UNFCCC nor WTO has clarified this issue or has indicated a clear statement in this regard. As a result, it allows some parties to take advantage of this loophole and escape its international climate change obligation. Carbon tariff is an issue arising from global climate governance. To promote the cooperation of global climate governance and safeguard the social and economic development of developing countries, a fair and justified climate change regime and international trade institution should be established, and the settlement of the carbon tariff issue should be addressed within these frameworks. This paper argues that the international governance of carbon tariff should in cooperation with other international agreements; however, principles and guidelines regarding this issue should be developed under the UNFCCC. Based on these principles and guidelines, WTO can develop related technical operation provisions.

The underappreciated potential of peatlands in global climate change mitigation strategies

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-018-03406-6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

J. Leifeld ◽

L. Menichetti

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Global Climate ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

PERAN TEGAKAN SENGON DI HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI DALAM MITIGASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM GLOBAL (The Role of Sengon’s Stand at Forest Plantation in Global Climate Change Mitigation)

HUTAN TROPIKA ◽

10.36873/jht.v14i2.1149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 71-79

Author(s):

Admin JHT

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Global Climate ◽

Co2 Uptake ◽

Biomass Carbon ◽

Forest Plantation ◽

Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽

ABSTRACTThis research aims to estimate the biomass, carbon storage, carbon dioxide uptake andoxygen produced by sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) stand aged 9, 11and 13 years in IUPHHK-HTI PT Parwata Rimba, Central Kalimantan. Estimated ofbiomass, carbon stock, CO2 uptake and Oxygen produced using allometric equations.The results showed that the storage of sengon standing biomass aged 9,11 and 13 yearsranged from 110.71 to 200.94 tons/ha, carbon stock ranged from 52.03 to 94.44 tons C/ha, CO2 uptake ranged from 190.79 to 259.13 tons CO2/ha and Oxygen produced around138.75 to 251.84 tons O2/ha. The total of biomass, carbon stock, CO2 uptake and Oxygenproduced by sengon stands at forest plantations are large enough to have an importantrole in global climate change mitigation in the forestry sector.Keywords: biomassa, climate change, forest plantation, karbon, sengon

Risk of increased food insecurity under stringent global climate change mitigation policy

Nature Climate Change ◽

10.1038/s41558-018-0230-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 699-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Tomoko Hasegawa ◽

Shinichiro Fujimori ◽

Petr Havlík ◽

Hugo Valin ◽

Benjamin Leon Bodirsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Global Climate ◽

Mitigation Policy ◽

Climate Change Mitigation Policy ◽

A CGE Analysis of the Effects of Global Climate Change Mitigation Policies on India

Climate Change and Environmental Concerns ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5487-5.ch029 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 573-590

Author(s):

Basanta K. Pradhan ◽

Joydeep Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Carbon Tax ◽

Global Climate ◽

Value Added ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Mitigation Policy ◽

Change Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Policies

This paper compares the effects of a global carbon tax and a global emissions trading regime on India using a dynamic CGE framework. The sensitivity of the results to the value of a crucial elasticity parameter is also analysed. The results suggest that the choice of the mitigation policy is relatively unimportant from an efficiency perspective. However, the choice of the mitigation policy and the value of the substitution elasticity between value added and energy were found to be important determinants of welfare effects. Global climate change mitigation policies have the potential for promoting low carbon and inclusive growth in India.