Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility patterns of new cryptic species inside the species complexes Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata among blood isolates from a Spanish tertiary hospital

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2315-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Miranda-Zapico ◽  
E. Eraso ◽  
J. L. Hernandez-Almaraz ◽  
L. M. Lopez-Soria ◽  
A. J. Carrillo-Munoz ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Lokjan Singh ◽  
Sheetal U Harakuni ◽  
Bibek Basnet ◽  
Keshab Parajuli

Background: The importance of epidemiological monitoring of yeasts involved in pathogenic processes is unquestionable due to the increase in trend of infections caused by various species of Candida over the last decade; so are the changes observed in species causing Candidiasis and empirical antifungal treatment. Aims and Objective: To speciate the clinically isolated Candida species by phenotypic methods and to estimate the antifungal susceptibility of the isolated species against fluconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole by disc diffusion method. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in 2018 in the Department of Microbiology, J. N. Medical College, KAHER, Belagavi Karnataka. Ethical Clarence was obtained from institutional ethical committee J.N. Medical College. Results: Out of 59 Candida isolates, Candida tropicalis was the predominant species 41(69.49%), followed by Candida glabrata 5 (8.47%), Candida parapsilosis and Candida lusitaniae 4 (6.78%) respectively, Candidaguilliermondii and Candida kefyr 2 (3.39%) respectively and the least one was Candida krusei 1 (1.69%). Voriconazole showed the highest level of sensitivity whereas Itraconazole has shown the least sensitivity pattern by disk diffusion method. Out of 59 Candida species, 52 (88.13%) were sensitive to Voriconazole, 44 (74.57%) were sensitive to Fluconazole, 40 (67.79%) were sensitive to Ketoconazole and the least sensitivity was shown by Itraconazole 30 (50.84%). Candida krusei and Candida guilliermondii showed 100% sensitive to Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Ketoconazole and Itraconazole respectively. Conclusion: Non-albicans Candida species are being common isolates from cases of candidiasis. Candida tropicalis is the predominant isolate, followed by Candida glabrata, Candida lusitaniae, Candida parapsilosis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr and Candida krusei. Most of the isolates were sensitive to Voriconazole.


2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Tee Tay ◽  
Shiang Ling Na ◽  
Jennifer Chong

The genetic heterogeneity and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida parapsilosis isolated from blood cultures of patients were investigated in this study. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis generated 5 unique profiles from 42 isolates. Based on the major DNA fragments of the RAPD profiles, the isolates were identified as RAPD type P1 (29 isolates), P2 (6 isolates), P3 (4 isolates), P4 (2 isolates) and P5 (1 isolate). Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene of the isolates identified RAPD type P1 as C. parapsilosis, P2 and P3 as Candida orthopsilosis, P4 as Candida metapsilosis, and P5 as Lodderomyces elongisporus. Nucleotide variations in ITS gene sequences of C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were detected. Antifungal susceptibility testing using Etests showed that all isolates tested in this study were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole. C. parapsilosis isolates exhibited higher MIC50 values than those of C. orthopsilosis for all of the drugs tested in this study; however, no significant difference in the MICs for these two Candida species was observed. The fact that C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were responsible for 23.8 and 4.8 % of the cases attributed to C. parapsilosis bloodstream infections, respectively, indicates the clinical relevance of these newly described yeasts. Further investigations of the ecological niche, mode of transmission and virulence of these species are thus essential.


2018 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Miranda-Cadena ◽  
Cristina Marcos-Arias ◽  
Estibaliz Mateo ◽  
José Manuel Aguirre ◽  
Guillermo Quindós ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Mona Modiri ◽  
Seyed Jamal Hashemi ◽  
Roshanak Daie Ghazvini ◽  
Sadegh Khodavaisy ◽  
Ali Ahmadi ◽  
...  

Background and Purpose: Candida parapsilosis complex isolates are mainly responsible for nosocomial catheter-related infection in immunocompromised patients. Biofilm formation is regarded as one of the most pertinent key virulence factors in the development of these emerging infections. The present study aimed to compare in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns and biofilm-related genes expression ratio in planktonic and biofilm’s cells of clinically C. parapsilosis complex isolates.Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on a number of 17 clinical C. parapsilosis complex (10 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 5 C. orthopsilosis, and 2 C. metapsilosis). The antifungal susceptibility patterns of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin in planktonic and biofilm forms were closely examined using CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method. The expression levels of biofilm-related genes (BCR1, EFG1, and FKS1) were evaluated in planktonic and biofilm’s cells using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.Results: The obtained results indicated that all C. parapsilosis complex isolates were able to produce high and moderate amounts of biofilm forms. In addition, the sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations were reported to be high for fluconazole (≥ 64 μg/ml), itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole (≥ 16 μg/ml), as compared to planktonic minimum inhibitory concentrations. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between antifungal susceptibility patterns for all azole antifungal agents (P<0.05). Furthermore, the BCR1 overexpression was considered significant in biofilms with regard to planktonic cells in C. parapsilosis species complex (P=0.002).Conclusion: C. parapsilosis complex isolates were found susceptible to most of the tested antifungal drugs, while biofilms demonstrated a noticeable resistant to azoles. The marked discrepancy noted in antifungal susceptibility patterns among these species should be highlighted to achieve effective therapeutic treatment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S203-S203
Author(s):  
Brenda L Tesini ◽  
Meghan Lyman ◽  
Brendan R Jackson ◽  
Anita Gellert ◽  
William Schaffner ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Multidrug resistant Candida is an increasing concern. C. parapsilosis in particular has decreased in vitro susceptibility to echinocandins. As a result, fluconazole had been favored for C. parapsilosis treatment. However, there is growing concern about increasing azole resistance among Candida species. We report on antifungal susceptibility patterns of C. parapsilosis in the US from 2008 through 2018. Methods Active, population-based surveillance for candidemia through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Emerging Infections Program was conducted between 2008–2018, eventually encompassing 9 states (GA, MD,OR, TN, NY, CA, CO, MN, NM). Each incident isolate was sent to the CDC for species confirmation and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). Frequency of resistance was calculated and stratified by year and state using SAS 9.4 Results Of the 8,704 incident candidemia isolates identified, 1,471 (15%) were C. parapsilosis; the third most common species after C. albicans and C. glabrata. AFST results were available for 1,340 C. parapsilosis isolates. No resistance was detected to caspofungin (MIC50 0.25) or micafungin (MIC50 1.00) with only one (&lt; 1%) isolate resistant to anidulafungin (MIC50 1.00). In contrast, 84 (6.3%) isolates were resistant to fluconazole and another 44 (3.3%) isolates had dose-dependent susceptibility to fluconazole (MIC50 1.00). Fluconazole resistance increased sharply from an average of 4% during 2008–2014 to a peak of 14% in 2016 with a subsequent decline to 6% in 2018 (see figure). Regional variation is also observed with fluconazole resistance ranging from 0% (CO, MN, NM) to 42% (NY) of isolates by site. Conclusion The recent marked increase in fluconazole resistance among C. parapsilosis highlights this pathogen as an emerging drug resistant pathogen of concern and the need for ongoing antifungal resistance surveillance among Candida species. Our data support the empiric use of echinocandins for C. parapsilosis bloodstream infections and underscore the need to obtain AFST prior to fluconazole treatment. Furthermore, regional variation in fluconazole resistance emphasizes the importance of understanding local Candida susceptibility patterns. Disclosures Lee Harrison, MD, GSK (Consultant)Merck (Consultant)Pfizer (Consultant)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant)


2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 4514-4517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alcazar-Fuoli ◽  
Emilia Mellado ◽  
Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo ◽  
Manuel Cuenca-Estrella ◽  
Juan L. Rodriguez-Tudela

ABSTRACT A phylogenetic analysis was performed for 34 Aspergillus strains belonging to section Nigri. Molecular methods allowed for the correct classification into three different clades (A. niger, A. tubingensis, and A. foetidus). Correlation with in vitro itraconazole susceptibility distinguished the following three profiles: susceptible, resistant, and showing a paradoxical effect. A number of different species whose morphological features resemble those of A. niger showed unusual MICs to itraconazole that have never been described for the Aspergillus genus.


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