scholarly journals Molecular differentiation and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida parapsilosis isolated from patients with bloodstream infections

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Tee Tay ◽  
Shiang Ling Na ◽  
Jennifer Chong
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Candida Metapsilosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

The genetic heterogeneity and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida parapsilosis isolated from blood cultures of patients were investigated in this study. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis generated 5 unique profiles from 42 isolates. Based on the major DNA fragments of the RAPD profiles, the isolates were identified as RAPD type P1 (29 isolates), P2 (6 isolates), P3 (4 isolates), P4 (2 isolates) and P5 (1 isolate). Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene of the isolates identified RAPD type P1 as C. parapsilosis, P2 and P3 as Candida orthopsilosis, P4 as Candida metapsilosis, and P5 as Lodderomyces elongisporus. Nucleotide variations in ITS gene sequences of C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were detected. Antifungal susceptibility testing using Etests showed that all isolates tested in this study were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole. C. parapsilosis isolates exhibited higher MIC50 values than those of C. orthopsilosis for all of the drugs tested in this study; however, no significant difference in the MICs for these two Candida species was observed. The fact that C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were responsible for 23.8 and 4.8 % of the cases attributed to C. parapsilosis bloodstream infections, respectively, indicates the clinical relevance of these newly described yeasts. Further investigations of the ecological niche, mode of transmission and virulence of these species are thus essential.

scholarly journals Prevalence, distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis bloodstream isolates

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Xavier Bonfietti ◽  
Marilena dos Anjos Martins ◽  
Maria Walderez Szeszs ◽  
Sandra Brasil Stolf Pukiskas ◽  
Sonia Ueda Purisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Candida Metapsilosis ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

scholarly journals Antifungal susceptibility pattern and biofilm-related genes expression in planktonic and biofilm cells of Candida parapsilosis species complex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Modiri ◽  
Seyed Jamal Hashemi ◽  
Roshanak Daie Ghazvini ◽  
Sadegh Khodavaisy ◽  
Ali Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background and Purpose: Candida parapsilosis complex isolates are mainly responsible for nosocomial catheter-related infection in immunocompromised patients. Biofilm formation is regarded as one of the most pertinent key virulence factors in the development of these emerging infections. The present study aimed to compare in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns and biofilm-related genes expression ratio in planktonic and biofilm’s cells of clinically C. parapsilosis complex isolates.Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on a number of 17 clinical C. parapsilosis complex (10 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 5 C. orthopsilosis, and 2 C. metapsilosis). The antifungal susceptibility patterns of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin in planktonic and biofilm forms were closely examined using CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method. The expression levels of biofilm-related genes (BCR1, EFG1, and FKS1) were evaluated in planktonic and biofilm’s cells using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.Results: The obtained results indicated that all C. parapsilosis complex isolates were able to produce high and moderate amounts of biofilm forms. In addition, the sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations were reported to be high for fluconazole (≥ 64 μg/ml), itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole (≥ 16 μg/ml), as compared to planktonic minimum inhibitory concentrations. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between antifungal susceptibility patterns for all azole antifungal agents (P<0.05). Furthermore, the BCR1 overexpression was considered significant in biofilms with regard to planktonic cells in C. parapsilosis species complex (P=0.002).Conclusion: C. parapsilosis complex isolates were found susceptible to most of the tested antifungal drugs, while biofilms demonstrated a noticeable resistant to azoles. The marked discrepancy noted in antifungal susceptibility patterns among these species should be highlighted to achieve effective therapeutic treatment.

scholarly journals Prospective Multicenter Study of the Epidemiology, Molecular Identification, and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis Isolated from Patients with Candidemia

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 5590-5596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Cantón ◽  
Javier Pemán ◽  
Guillermo Quindós ◽  
Elena Eraso ◽  
Ilargi Miranda-Zapico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Prospective Multicenter Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adult Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Candida Metapsilosis ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis

ABSTRACTA 13-month prospective multicenter study including 44 hospitals was carried out to evaluate the epidemiology ofCandida parapsilosiscomplex candidemia in Spain. Susceptibility to amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin was tested by the microdilution colorimetric method. A total of 364C. parapsilosiscomplex isolates were identified by molecular methods:C. parapsilosis(90.7%),Candida orthopsilosis(8.2%), andCandida metapsilosis(1.1%). Most candidemias (C. parapsilosis, 76.4%;C. orthopsilosis, 70.0%;C. metapsilosis, 100%) were observed in adults. NoC. orthopsilosisorC. metapsilosiscandidemias occurred in neonates.C. parapsilosiswas most frequent in adult intensive care unit (28.8%), surgery (20.9%), and internal medicine (19.7%) departments; andC. orthopsilosiswas most frequent in hematology (28.6%), pediatrics (12.0%), and neonatology (11.5%) departments. The geographic distribution ofC. orthopsilosisandC. metapsilosiswas not uniform. According to CLSI clinical breakpoints, allC. orthopsilosisandC. metapsilosisisolates were susceptible to the nine agents tested. Resistance (MICs > 1 mg/liter) was observed only inC. parapsilosis: amphotericin B, posaconazole, itraconazole, and caspofungin (0.3% each), anidulafungin (1.9%), and micafungin (2.5%). Applying the new species-specific fluconazole and echinocandin breakpoints, the rates of resistance to fluconazole forC. parapsilosisandC. orthopsilosisincreased to 4.8% and 0.3%, respectively; conversely, forC. parapsilosisthey shifted from 1.9 to 0.6% (anidulafungin) and from 2.5 to 0.6% (micafungin). Our study confirms the different prevalence ofC. parapsilosiscomplex candidemia among age groups: neitherC. orthopsilosisnorC. metapsilosiswas isolated from neonates; interestingly,C. metapsilosiswas isolated only from adults and the elderly. The disparity in antifungal susceptibility among species could be important for therapy.

scholarly journals 146. antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of candida Parapsilosis Bloodstream Isolates in the US, 2008–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S203-S203
Author(s):  
Brenda L Tesini ◽  
Meghan Lyman ◽  
Brendan R Jackson ◽  
Anita Gellert ◽  
William Schaffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Fluconazole Resistance ◽  
The Us ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background Multidrug resistant Candida is an increasing concern. C. parapsilosis in particular has decreased in vitro susceptibility to echinocandins. As a result, fluconazole had been favored for C. parapsilosis treatment. However, there is growing concern about increasing azole resistance among Candida species. We report on antifungal susceptibility patterns of C. parapsilosis in the US from 2008 through 2018. Methods Active, population-based surveillance for candidemia through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Emerging Infections Program was conducted between 2008–2018, eventually encompassing 9 states (GA, MD,OR, TN, NY, CA, CO, MN, NM). Each incident isolate was sent to the CDC for species confirmation and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). Frequency of resistance was calculated and stratified by year and state using SAS 9.4 Results Of the 8,704 incident candidemia isolates identified, 1,471 (15%) were C. parapsilosis; the third most common species after C. albicans and C. glabrata. AFST results were available for 1,340 C. parapsilosis isolates. No resistance was detected to caspofungin (MIC50 0.25) or micafungin (MIC50 1.00) with only one (&lt; 1%) isolate resistant to anidulafungin (MIC50 1.00). In contrast, 84 (6.3%) isolates were resistant to fluconazole and another 44 (3.3%) isolates had dose-dependent susceptibility to fluconazole (MIC50 1.00). Fluconazole resistance increased sharply from an average of 4% during 2008–2014 to a peak of 14% in 2016 with a subsequent decline to 6% in 2018 (see figure). Regional variation is also observed with fluconazole resistance ranging from 0% (CO, MN, NM) to 42% (NY) of isolates by site. Conclusion The recent marked increase in fluconazole resistance among C. parapsilosis highlights this pathogen as an emerging drug resistant pathogen of concern and the need for ongoing antifungal resistance surveillance among Candida species. Our data support the empiric use of echinocandins for C. parapsilosis bloodstream infections and underscore the need to obtain AFST prior to fluconazole treatment. Furthermore, regional variation in fluconazole resistance emphasizes the importance of understanding local Candida susceptibility patterns. Disclosures Lee Harrison, MD, GSK (Consultant)Merck (Consultant)Pfizer (Consultant)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant)

scholarly journals A case series of medically managed Candida parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghao Guo ◽  
Yuting He ◽  
Rui Fan ◽  
Zhongwen Wu ◽  
Yili Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Candida Metapsilosis ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Background In recent years, Candida parapsilosis is recognized as a species complex and is composed of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. Candida parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is rare and the survival rate is still low despite of optimal therapeutic strategies. In our report, it is novel to report cases as Candida parapsilosis complex PVE at species and identify Candida parapsilosis using MALDI-TOF MS. Case presentation A series of 4 cases of Candida parapsilosis complex PVE from our institution was reported. Three were infected by Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto and one was infected by Candida metapsilosis. The condition of two cases got better and the other died. Conclusions More attention should be paid to Candida parapsilosis complex PVE and early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic therapy may play a role in the treatment for Candida parapsilosis complex PVE. It is recommended to identify Candida parapsilosis complex at species level and MALDI-TOF MS as an easy, fast and efficient identification method is worth promoting in clinical microbiology

scholarly journals Recent Exposure to Caspofungin or Fluconazole Influences the Epidemiology of Candidemia: a Prospective Multicenter Study Involving 2,441 Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Lortholary ◽  
Marie Desnos-Ollivier ◽  
Karine Sitbon ◽  
Arnaud Fontanet ◽  
Stéphane Bretagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Prospective Multicenter Study ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
Adults And Children

ABSTRACTA prospective multicenter surveillance program on yeast bloodstream infections was implemented in the Paris, France, area without restrictions on ward of hospitalization (intensive care unit, hematology, and surgery) or age (adults and children). The present analysis concerns 2,618 isolates collected over 7 years from 2,441 patients. Centralized species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing using the EUCAST methodology were performed. Almost 10% (232/2,441) of the patients had recently (≤30 days) been treated with antifungal drugs. We analyzed the effect of recent exposure to fluconazole (n= 159) or caspofungin (n= 61) on the proportions of the five majorCandidaspecies. For both drugs, preexposure was associated with a decreased prevalence ofCandida albicansin favor of less drug-susceptible species (C. glabrataandC. kruseifor the former andC. parapsilosisand, to a lesser extent,C. glabrataandC. kruseifor the latter;P= 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the risk of being infected with an isolate with decreased susceptibility to fluconazole was independently associated with an age of ≥15 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.39 to 4.31;P= 0.002) and with recent exposure to fluconazole (OR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.51 to 3.13;P< 0.001), while the risk of being infected with an isolate with decreased susceptibility to caspofungin was independently associated with an age <15 years (OR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.43 to 4.48;P= 0.001) and with recent exposure to caspofungin (OR = 4.79; 95% CI = 2.47 to 9.28;P< 0.001). These findings could influence future recommendations for the management of candidemia.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Susceptibility Profile of Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis: Results from Population-Based Surveillance of Candidemia in Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1506-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gomez-Lopez ◽  
A. Alastruey-Izquierdo ◽  
D. Rodriguez ◽  
B. Almirante ◽  
A. Pahissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Candida Metapsilosis ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

ABSTRACT We describe the prevalences and susceptibility profiles of two recently described species, Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis, related to Candida parapsilosis in candidemia. The prevalences of these species (1.7% for C. metapsilosis and 1.4% for C. orthopsilosis) are significant. Differences observed in their susceptibility profiles could have therapeutic importance.

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