Determination of Water in Compound Fertilizers

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155-1157
Author(s):  
Krystyna Kostyrko ◽  
Wanda Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Methanol Extraction ◽  
Fertilizer Sample ◽  
Titration Vessel ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Total Moisture Content

Abstract A method is proposed for determining the water content of nitrogen-potassium-phosphorus compound fertilizers. The method combines drying with methanol extraction, with or without ultrasonic comminution of the fertilizer. The total moisture content of the sample is calculated as a sum of1 that found by drying and that determined by the extraction method (residual moisture). Two methods of methanol extraction were used: extraction of the uncomminuted fertilizer sample directly in the titration vessel, or extraction of the comminuted sample by ultrasonic vibration. Water contents determined by the proposed method ranged from 0.3 to 1.7%. Standard deviations for extraction without and with comminution were 0.015 and 0.018%, respectively. Moreover, ultrasonic comminution of fertilizer increased the amount of residual water extracted by about 20% compared with other methods.

Determination of readiness for laying based on material moisture, corresponding relative humidity, and water release

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040
Author(s):  
Christoph Strangfeld ◽  
Sabine Kruschwitz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Floor Covering ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Moisture Content Determination

Abstract The moisture content of the subfloor has to be determined before installation to avoid damage to the floor covering. Only if readiness for layering is reached, can an installation without damage be expected in all cases. In general, three approaches exist to measure residual water content: determination of moisture content, determination of water release, or determination of the corresponding relative humidity. All three approaches are tested under laboratory conditions at eight screed types including two samples thicknesses in each case. Moisture content and water release are measured by sample weighing, the corresponding relative humidity is measured by embedded sensors. All three approaches are compared and correlated. The evaluations show only a weak correlation and, in several cases, contradicting results. Samples are considered ready for layering and not ready for layering at the same time, depending on the chosen approach. Due to these contradicting results, a general threshold for a risk of damage cannot be derived based on these measurements. Furthermore, the experiment demonstrates that the measurement of corresponding relative humidity is independent of the screed type or screed composition considered. This makes humidity measurement a potentially very promising approach for the installation of material moisture monitoring systems.

Chloroform-Methanol Extraction Method for Determination of Fat in Foods: Collaborative Study

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester E Daugherty ◽  
Harry G Lento ◽  
◽  
M L Adams ◽  
E W Beckert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Methanol Extraction ◽  
Complete Extraction ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Abstract Achloroform-methanol extraction method (complete extraction of fat in 3 min) for determining fat in processed and prepared foods has been studied collaboratively. Fourteen collaborators reported single replicate fat results on 7 samples representative of various food types and 2 spiked samples by the proposed method. Each sample was accompanied by a blind duplicate. For statistical purposes, the blind duplicates were treated as paired observations, and there were 2 laboratory outliers. There was a 97.9% agreement among the results from the remaining 12 collaborators and the Associate Referee for the unfortified samples. Recoveries of 93.8 and 98.3% were obtained on fortified samples, based on results obtained from 11 collaborators. The statistical analysis of the results indicate (ranges for standard deviations were Sr = 0.083-0.528, Sb = 0.101-0.379, Sd = 8.130-0.631, for fat values ranging from 1.58 to 26.91%) that this method is adequate for quantitating the fat content in a wide variety of processed foods for nutritional labeling. The method has been adopted official first action.

Near Infrared Spectroscopic Determination of Moisture Content in Foods: Extraction Method by Organic Solvents

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Takamura ◽  
N. Endo ◽  
T. Matoba
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Calibration Equation ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Clear Band ◽  
Predicted Values

In order to get a common NIR calibration equation which can be adapted to the determination of moisture content in various types of foods, we have tried to develop a water extraction method from foods by organic solvents. We used various starches and powder foods as the model. NIR spectra of various solvents containing water showed a clear band due to water around 1930 nm. Of the solvents used, this band in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) systems was not shifted by the change of the moisture content. Then, the moisture was extracted from starch by these solvents. Approximately 60% was consistently recovered in a single-step extraction by DMA or DMF. The extraction by DMSO was too viscous to handle. The calibration equation was developed from the results for the extraction from starch by DMA. Then, moisture contents of powder foods were predicted using the calibration equation. For six of eight foods, good correlations were obtained between the laboratory values and the predicted values. These results suggest that this NIR method coupled with extraction is useful for the determination of moisture content with a common calibration equation for various kinds of foods.

Determination of Lipids in Fish Meal

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 946-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F Lee ◽  
M E Ambrose ◽  
P Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Methanol Extraction ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Abstract Lipids were extracted from a series of twelve menhaden meals by six methods, and results were compared. The chloroformmethanol extraction method developed by Smith, et al., extracts approximately the same amount of lipids as the official AOAC method, 22.037. The Torry-TNO method with chloroform-methanol extraction, and acid and alkaline hydrolysis methods extract lesser amounts of lipids, but all methods extract more than the ethyl ether method, 22.032. The Smith-Ambrose-Knobl method, rather than AOAC method 22.037, is recommended for extraction of total lipids from fish meal because of its simplicity and efficiency.

scholarly journals The Micro-Determination of Residual Moisture in Freeze-Dried Biological Materials

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. W. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Karl Fischer Method ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
American Standard ◽  
Fischer Method

SummaryA micro-drying method is described, which is simple, rapid and reproducible. It has been shown to give results in reasonable agreement with the Karl Fischer method, and with the vapour-pressure method. The results on samples of low moisture content are, however, considerably higher than those by the so-called American standard method. The method has been in routine use for over 3 years.

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