scholarly journals Simultaneous Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 39 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indoor and Outdoor Air and Application to a Survey on Indoor Air Pollution in Fuji, Japan

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ohura ◽  
Tomohiko Sugiyama ◽  
Takashi Amagai ◽  
Masahiro Fusaya ◽  
Hidetsuru Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract An analytical method was established for the simultaneous determination of 39 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air. The method was applied to a survey of gaseous and particulate PAHs in household indoor air. The survey was performed in 21 houses in the summer of 1999 and in 20 houses in the winter of 1999–2000 in Fuji, Japan. Thirty-eight PAHs were determined in indoor and outdoor air in the summer, and 39 PAHs were determined in indoor and outdoor air in the winter. The concentrations of gaseous PAHs in indoor air tended to be higher than those in outdoor air in the summer and winter. The concentrations of particulate PAHs in indoor air were the same as or lower than those in outdoor air in the summer and winter. PAH profiles, correlations between PAH concentrations, and multiple regression analysis were used to determine the factors affecting the indoor PAH concentrations. These results showed that gaseous PAHs in indoor air were primarily from indoor emission sources, especially during the summer, and that indoor particulate PAH concentrations were significantly influenced by outdoor air pollution.

scholarly journals Exposure of pig fatteners and dairy cows to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ciganek ◽  
R. Ulrich ◽  
J. Nea ◽  
J. Raszyk
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Exposure Routes ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Exposure of pig fatteners and dairy cows to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated by analyses of selected indoor and outdoor samples. PAH concentrations (16 U.S. EPA priority PAHs) and data on common exposure routes were used for exposure calculations.&nbsp; The samples under study included water (n = 24), feed (n = 48), indoor air (n = 15), barn dust (n = 17), outdoor air (n = 6) road dust (n = 17), and soil (n = 15) collected in the summer 1999 and in the spring 2000 on 3 pig and 2 dairy cattle farms. The following mean concentrations of&nbsp; 16 PAHs were found: 100 ng/l in water for pigs, 38 ng/l in water for cows, 82 &micro;g/kg in feed mixtures for pigs, 128 &micro;g/kg in feed concentrates for cows, 278 &micro;g/kg in forages for dairy cows, 25 ng/m<sup>3</sup> in indoor air of pig houses, 59 ng/m<sup>3</sup> in indoor air of&nbsp; cow houses, 676 &micro;g/kg in dust collected in pig houses, 4 475 &micro;g/kg in dust collected in cow houses, 16 ng/m<sup>3</sup> in outdoor air of pig houses, 29 ng/m<sup>3</sup> in outdoor air of&nbsp; cow houses, 4 711 &micro;g/kg in road dust collected on pig farms, 15 175 &micro;g/kg in road dust collected on cattle farms, 826 &micro;g/kg in soil collected around pig houses, and 1 356 &micro;g/kg in soil collected around cow houses. The total intake of&nbsp; 16 PAHs in the diet of cows and pigs was 14 156 &micro;g and 164 &micro;g PAHs per day, respectively. The exposure of cows to PAHs was 86 times higher than that of pigs. Feed was the major source of PAHs for both species (approximately 99%). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration was used as a biomarker of exposure to PAHs. The mean total amount of 1-hydroxypyrene excreted per day in porcine (2 l) and bovine (13 l) urine was 14.5 &micro;g&nbsp; and 1 595 &micro;g, respectively, which was 3.2% and 11.9% of pyrene intake.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Neuropsychological Development: A Review of the Latest Evidence

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (10) ◽  
pp. 3473-3482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Suades-González ◽  
Mireia Gascon ◽  
Mònica Guxens ◽  
Jordi Sunyer
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Neuropsychological Development ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

For the last decade, literature on the detrimental impacts of air pollution on brain, cognition and behavior has exponentially increased. Our aim is to review the latest epidemiologic literature on the association between outdoor air pollution and neuropsychological developmental in children. Two independent researchers searched for published studies between January 1, 2012 and June 12, 2015 in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Science direct using defined keywords on outdoor air pollution and neuropsychological development. Selection of articles was based on study eligibility criteria. We encountered sufficient evidence of detrimental effects of pre- or postnatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on global intelligence quotient. The evidence was also sufficient for the association between pre- or postnatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and autism spectrum disorder, and limited evidence was encountered between nitrogen oxides and autism spectrum disorder. For other exposure-outcome associations reviewed, the evidence was inadequate or insufficient. Although evidence is not yet conclusive and further research is needed, the latest epidemiological studies support the hypothesis that pre- or postnatal exposure to ambient pollution, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PM2.5, and nitrogen oxides has a negative impact on the neuropsychological development of children. The public health impact of air pollutants cannot be ignored and the precautionary principle should be applied to protect children.

Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor and outdoor air of preschool environments (3–5 years old children)

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 382-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Oliveira ◽  
Klara Slezakova ◽  
Cristina Delerue-Matos ◽  
Maria do Carmo Pereira ◽  
Simone Morais
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor
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