scholarly journals Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Atenolol in Dosage Forms

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikha M Al-Ghannam ◽  
Fathalla Belal
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Fixed Concentration ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric ◽  
Calibration Equations

Abstract A simple kinetic procedure is described for the determination of atenolol in its dosage forms. The procedure is based on coupling the drug with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in pH 8 borate buffer at the boiling temperature for a fixed time of 30 min, and then measuring the absorbance of the reaction product at 460 nm. The absorbance–concentration plot is rectilinear over the range 5–50 μg/mL with a minimum detection limit of 1.3 μg (4.9 × 10−6M). The determination of atenolol by the fixed-concentration and rate-constant methods is also feasible with the calibration equations obtained, but the fixed-time method proved to be more applicable. The procedure was applied successfully to commercial tablets, and statistical analysis showed that the results compared favorably with those obtained by the official methods. The interference likely to be introduced from some coformulated drugs and the effect of sensitizers and surfactants on the performance of the proposed method were also studied. A proposed reaction pathway is presented.

scholarly journals Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of the Macrolide Antibiotic Josamycin in Formulations

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman A Al-Majed ◽  
Fathalla Belal ◽  
Kamal E E Ibrahim ◽  
Nasr Y Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotic ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Fixed Concentration ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric ◽  
Calibration Equations

Abstract A simple kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of josamycin in its dosage forms. The method is based on oxidation of the drug with alkaline potassium permanganate at room temperature for a fixed time of 20 min and measuring the produced green color at 611 nm. The absorbance–concentration plot is rectilinear over the range of 2–10 μg/mL (2.4 × 106–1.2 × 10−5M) with minimum detectability of 1.0 μg/mL (1.2 × 10−6M). The determination of josamycin by fixed concentration and the rate-constant methods is also feasible with the calibration equations obtained, but the fixed-time method proved to be more applicable. The procedure was applied successfully to commercial tablets, and statistical analysis showed that the results compared favorably with those obtained by reference methods. The effect of sensitizers and surfactants on the performance of the proposed method was also studied. A proposal of the reaction pathway was presented.

scholarly journals Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Josamycin in Formulations and Spiked Human Plasma Using 3-Methylbenzothiazolin-2-one Hydrazone/Fe+3 System

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman A Al-Majed ◽  
Fathalla Belal ◽  
Nasr Y Khalil ◽  
Kamal E E Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Chloride System ◽  
Spiked Human Plasma ◽  
Fixed Concentration ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric ◽  
Calibration Equations

Abstract A simple kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of josamycin in its dosage forms and spiked human plasma. The method is based on reaction of the drug with 3-methylbenzothiazolin-2-one hydrazone/ferric chloride system for a fixed time of 20 min at 70°C and measuring the produced color at 665 nm. The absorbance-concentration plot is rectilinear over the range of 5.0–30.0 μg/mL with detection limit of 1.0 μg/mL (1.2 × 10−6M). The determination of josamycin by the fixed concentration and the rate-constant methods is also feasible with the calibration equations obtained, but the fixed-time method proved to be more applicable. The procedure was successfully applied to commercial tablets. The results obtained were favorably compared with those given by reference methods. The method was further extended to the in vitro determination of josamycin in spiked human plasma. The recovery (n = 8) was 100.76 ± 3.43%. The stoichiometry of the reaction between the drug and the reagent was studied by adopting the limiting logarithmic method, and a proposal of the reaction pathway was presented.

scholarly journals DIRECT SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ATENOLOL AND TIMOLOL ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram M. El-didamony ◽  
Moftah A. Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Medium ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Bluish Green ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Calibration Equations ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

Objective: Direct and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the quantitative determination of some anti-hypertensive drugs such as atenolol (ATN) and timolol (TIM) in pure forms as well as in their dosage forms.Methods: The proposed method is based on the redox reaction between the selected drugs and KMnO4 in alkaline medium. The method involves treating the aqueous solution of the selected drugs with KMnO4 in alkaline medium and measuring the bluish-green product at 610 nm. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color were carefully studied and optimized.Results: The fixed-time method is adopted for constructing the calibration curves, which were found to be linear over the concentration ranges of 2.0–14 mg/ml and 2.0–28 mg/ml for ATN and TIM, respectively. The determination of the studied drugs by initial rate, variable time and rate constant method was workable with the calibration equations obtained but the fixed time method has been found to be more applicable.Conclusion: The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by the determination of the selected drugs in both pure and in commercial dosage forms and has met the validation requirements.

scholarly journals New Sensitive Kinetic Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Omeprazole in Dosage Forms

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf M. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexes ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric

New rapid, sensitive, and accurate kinetic spectrophotometric methods were developed, for the first time, to determine omeprazole (OMZ) in its dosage forms. The methods were based on the formation of charge-transfer complexes with both iodine and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). The variables that affected the reactions were carefully studied and optimized. The formed complexes and the site of interaction were examined by UV/VIS, IR, and1H-NMR techniques, and computational molecular modeling. Under optimum conditions, the stoichiometry of the reactions between OMZ and the acceptors was found to be 1 : 1. The order of the reactions and the specific rate constants were determined. The thermodynamics of the complexes were computed and the mechanism of the reactions was postulated. The initial rate and fixed time methods were utilized for the determination of OMZ concentrations. The linear ranges for the proposed methods were 0.10–3.00 and 0.50–25.00   with the lowest LOD of 0.03 and 0.14   for iodine and DDQ, respectively. Analytical performance of the methods was statistically validated; RSD was <1.25% for the precision and <1.95% for the accuracy. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of OMZ in its dosage forms; the recovery was 98.91–100.32%  0.94–1.84, and was found to be comparable with that of reference method.

Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of ampicillin and amoxicillin in dosage forms

Il Farmaco ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 680-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Belal ◽  
M.M El-Kerdawy ◽  
S.M El-Ashry ◽  
D.R El-Wasseef
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric

scholarly journals Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Ranitidine and Nizatidine in Pharmaceuticals

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1316-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed I Walash ◽  
Fathalla Belal ◽  
Fawzia Ibrahim ◽  
Mohamed Hefnawy ◽  
Manal Eid
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Kinetic Method ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Borate Buffer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract An accurate and simple kinetic method is described for the determination of ranitidine and nizatidine in pure form and in pharmaceuticals. The method is based on the reaction of the compounds with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in pH 7.4 borate buffer at 60°C for a fixed time of 25 min for both compounds. The absorbance of the reaction product is measured at 495 nm for ranitidine and nizatidine. Calibration graphs were linear over the concentration range of 2–20 μg/mL, with limits of detection of 0.13 (3.7 × 10−7M) and 0.25 μg/mL (7.5 × 10−7M) for ranitidine and nizatidine, respectively. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of ranitidine in tablets and ampoules with average recoveries of 100.26 ± 0.69 and 100.29 ± 0.59%, respectively, and to the determination of nizatidine in capsules with an average recovery of 104.26 ± 0.44%. The results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained by the other methods used for comparison. A proposal of the reaction pathway is also presented.

scholarly journals A Simple Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method For The Determination of Certain 4-Quinolones in Drug Formulations.

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rizk ◽  
F. Belal ◽  
F. Ibrahim ◽  
S. M. Ahmed ◽  
N. M. El-Enany
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
Calibration Equation ◽  
Fixed Concentration ◽  
Kinetic Spectrophotometric ◽  
Curve Equation

An accurate simple and selective kinetic procedure for the determination of certain 4-quinolones namely, norfloxacin (I), ofloxacin (II), enrofloxacin (III), fleroxacin (IV), ciprofloxacin (V) and pefloxacin (VI) is described. The procedure is based on reacting the studied compounds in acidic media (0.1 M HCL) with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH) in presence of cerium (IV) ammonium sulphate as an oxidant at room temperature for a fixed time of 20 min. for (I), (III), 12 min for (II) and 30 min for IV , V and VI, then the absorbance of the reaction product is measured at 630 nm. The concentration of the studied compounds is computed using the corresponding calibration curve equation for the fixed-time method. The absorbance-concentrations plot is rectilinear over the range 20-100 ug.ml-1 for (I), 2 - 20 ug.ml-1 for (II), 10 - 74 ug.ml-1 for (III), 10 - 60 ug.ml-1 for IV, 10 - 50 ug.ml-1 for IV and 8 - 40 ug.ml-1 for VI. The determination of the studied compounds by the fixed-concentration and rate constant methods is feasible with the calibration equation obtained, but the fixed-time method proved to be more applicable. The procedure was applied successfully to commercial tablets and ampoules and the results obtained were compared statistically with the reference methods.

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