Validated green spectrophotometric kinetic method for determination of Clindamycin Hydrochloride in capsules

Background simple, sensitive, free of organic solvents, kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Clindamycin Hydrochloride, both in pure form and Capsules. Method is based on reaction of Clindamycin with potassium iodide and potassium iodate in an aqueous medium at (25 ± 2 °C) to produce yellow-coloured tri iodide ions (I3−). The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance at wavelength 350 nm during 40 min. Results the effects of analytical parameters on reported kinetic methods were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the initial rate and fixed time (at 10 min) methods were used for constructing the calibration graphs. The graphs were linear in concentration ranges 1–20 μg ml−1 with limit of detection of 0.12 and 0.22 μg ml−1for the initial rate and fixed time methods, respectively. The results were satisfactory and the analytical performance for both methods was validated. Conclusion The proposed methods have been applied to determine the components in capsules with an average recovery of 98.25–102.00% and the results are in good agreement with those found by the reference method.

Aqueous and polyphenol-rich Larrea divaricata Cav. extracts as potential skin care agents

Skin cells are affected by UV-induced oxidative stress resulting in photoaging and diseases. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of an aqueous extract of Larrea divaricata(Aq) and a flavonoid rich fraction (EA), obtained by liquid/liquid fractionation, on the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts by the tritiated thymidine uptake assay and on cell viability by the trypan blue exclusion assay. The in vitro sun protection factor (SPF), peroxidase (Px)-like and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities were determined by kinetic spectrophotometric assays, and the phytochemical composition was determined by HPLC-UV and HPLC MS/MS.Aq and EA induced keratinocytes and fibroblast proliferation, protected fibroblasts from H2O2-induced apoptosis and exerted SOD-like and Px-like activities. Aq and EA had a high sun UVB protection factor. So, L. divaricatacould be used in a future for the development of new dermocosmetic or phytotherapy adjuvant in skin oxidative damage.

Determination of CLINDAMYCIN HCl in Capsules by New, Validated, Simple and Green Kinetic Spectrometric Method

Background: simple, sensitive, free of organic solvents, kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Clindamycin Hydrochloride, both in pure form and Capsules. Method used is based on reaction of Clindamycin with potassium iodide and potassium iodate in aqueous medium at (25 ±2 °c) to produce yellow colored tri iodide ions (I3-). the reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance at 350 nm wavelength during 40 minutes. Results: the effects of analytical parameters on reported kinetic methods were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the initial rate and fixed time (at 10 min) methods were used for constructing the calibration graphs. The graphs were linear in concentration ranges 1-20 μg.ml-1 with limit of detection of 0.12 and 0.22 μg ml-1for the initial rate and fixed time methods, respectively. The results were satisfactory and the analytical performance for both methods was validated. Conclusion: The proposed methods have been applied to determine the components in capsules with an average recovery of 98.25% to 102.00% and the results are in good agreement with those found by the reference method.

Trace determination of isoniazid at micro level using kinetic spectrophotometric method

An effective and fairly inexpensive spectrophotometric method for trace determination of isoniazid INH in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical formulations has been developed through ligand substitution reaction between INH and aquapentacyanoruthenate (II) ion ([Ru(CN)5OH2]3-) in aqueous medium at ?max = 502 nm. The fixed time procedure has been employed under optimum reaction conditions. The calibration equations, relating absorbance measured at 502 nm at fixed times (tn = 2, 5 and 7 min) and cINH in linear range (1.37 - 27.43) ?g mL-1, were used for trace determination of INH has been reported in the present investigation which are in agreement with official and reported methods. The percentage recovery has been calculated and found to be within the range of (99 - 101 %) in the analysis of different pharmaceutical samples. The results reveal that the use of common recipients as additives do not produce any type of interference in proposed method. The validity of the proposed method was also checked by statistical analysis which agreed with the results obtained using official method. The present method is very simple, reproducible, sensitive and it can be adopted for trace determination of INH in different samples without using extracting agent.

Quantitative Estimation of D-Penicillamine in Pure and Pharmaceutical Samples Using Inhibitory Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method

Sulfur is the key element in a large number of drugs and bioactive molecules. Organo-sulfur compounds inhibit the catalytic efficiency of Hg2+ by forming a stable complex with it. The Hg2+ catalyzed exchange rate of cyanide with pyrazine from [Ru(CN)6]4- will be reduced by the addition of the sulfur-containing drug, D-penicillamine (D-PCN). This inhibitory property of D-PCN can be employed for its micro-level kinetic determination. Optimum reaction condition viz. Temperature = 45.0 ± 0.1 o C, I = 0.1 M (KCl), [Hg+2] = 1.5 × 10-4 M, [pyrazine] = 7.5 × 10-4 M, pH = 4.0 ± 0.02, and [Ru(CN)64-] = 5.25 × 10-5 M were utilized to investigate the kinetic measurements at 370 nm (λmax of [Ru(CN)5 Pz]3- complex). To acknowledge the inhibition induced by D-PCN on Hg2+ catalyzed substitution of cyanide with pyrazine from [Ru(CN)6]4-, a modified mechanistic scheme has been proposed. D-PCN can be quantitatively determined up to 1.0 × 10-6 M level by the proposed analytical method. The methodology can be economically and effectively employed for the quantitative determination of D-PCN in different samples. This methodology can also be convincingly adopted for the quick determination of D-PCN in the pharmaceutical samples with good accuracy and reproducibility. The addition of common excipients in pharmaceuticals even up to 1000 times with [D-PCN] does not interfere significantly in the estimation of D-PCN.

Micro-level Estimation of Methionine Using Inhibitory Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method

A large number of bioactive molecules and drugs contain sulfur as an important constituent. Organo-sulfur compounds form a stable complex with Hg2+, thereby inhibiting its catalytic activity. The Hg2+ catalyzed the exchange rate of cyanide with nitroso-R-salt [N-R-salt] from [Ru(CN)6]4- will be reduced by the addition of sulfur-containing amino acid, methionine (MET). This inhibitory property of MET can be employed for its micro-level kinetic determination. Optimum reaction condition viz. I=0.05 M (KNO3), pH = 7.0 ± 0.02, [Ru(CN)64] = 5.25 × 10-5 M, [N-R-salt] = 6.5 × 10-4 M, [Hg+2] = 5.5 × 10-5 M, and Temperature = 45.0 ± 0.1 o C were utilized to investigate the kinetic measurements at 525 nm (λmax of [Ru(CN)5 N-R-salt]3- complex). To explain the mechanism of inhibition caused by methionine on Hg2+ catalyzed exchange of cyanide with N-R-salt from [Ru(CN)6]4-, a modified mechanistic scheme has been proposed. MET can be quantitatively determined up to 2.5 × 10-6 M level by the proposed analytical method. The methodology can be economically and effectively employed for the quantitative estimation of MET in distinct samples.