scholarly journals 117 Determining high-lysine sorghum amino acid digestibility and the effects on nursery pig performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
Lori L Thomas ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Charmaine D Espinosa ◽  
Hans H Stein ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
High Lysine ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Growth Trial

Abstract Two experiments determined the SID of AA in a high-lysine sorghum cultivar, followed by a growth trial to determine its effects on pig performance using increasing feed-grade AA at the expense of soybean meal. In Exp. 1, ten barrows (initially 25.9 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the terminal ileum and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 diets in a 5-period, cross-over design. Experimental diets included a corn-based diet, a diet containing high-lysine sorghum, or two diets with either white or red sorghum cultivars. The fifth experimental diet was N-free to determine endogenous AA loss. In corn, SID CP, lysine, methionine, threonine, and valine were greater (P < 0.020) than sorghum-based diets, with no evidence for differences among the sorghum cultivars. In Exp. 2, a total of 293 pigs (initially 9.6 kg) were used. Dietary treatments were randomly assigned 20 d after weaning and consisted of a corn-based diet, a diet based on conventional sorghum, and 4 diets with high-lysine sorghum with 10 replications/treatment. The corn-based, conventional sorghum, and the first high-lysine sorghum (low) diets each contained the same amount of soybean meal with varying amounts of feed-grade AA. The 3 remaining high-lysine sorghum diets included incrementally increasing amounts of feed-grade AA (low-medium, medium-high, and high), replacing soybean meal. Overall, there was no evidence for differences in ADG or ADFI between treatments. However, pigs fed the high-lysine sorghum with the greatest amount of feed-grade AA had decreased G:F (P = 0.045) compared with those fed other experimental diets. In summary, SID AA values for the high-lysine sorghum in this study were not different from sorghum cultivars; however, these values were all lower when compared with corn. When nursery diets were formulated on an equal SID AA basis, there were no differences in ADG among pigs fed any of the diets.

scholarly journals PSVI-14 Interactive effects of Cordyceps mushroom powder and carbadox on nursery pig performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 207-208
Author(s):  
Jacob A Richert ◽  
Jorge Y P Palencia ◽  
Clayton S Chastain ◽  
Morgan T Thayer ◽  
Brian T Richert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Growth Trial

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the independent and additive effects of Cordyceps mushroom powder and carbadox to pharmacological copper+zinc in nursery pig diets. Two hundred-ten crossbred weanling pigs [(Duroc × (York × Landrace)] avg. 19 d of age and 5.8 kg were used in a 33 day growth trial. Pigs were alloted by weight, sex, ancestry, and assigned to body weight (BW) blocks. Within BW blocks, sex ratios were constant in each pen. Pen was the experimental unit and growth performance was analyzed using BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F. There were 7 pigs/pen and 6 pens/treatment. Treatments were: 1) a negative diet (NC); 2) positive control (PC; Carbadox, 55 ppm); 3) NC+300 ppm Cordyceps mushroom powder (NC+MP); 4) PC +300 ppm mushroom(PC+MP); 5) supplemental copper sulfate (125 ppm) and zinc oxide (3000 ppm d 0-7, 2000 ppm d 7-35), CuZn. Dietary treatments were fed in a four-phase feeding program (d0-7, d7-14, d14-21, and d21-33). There were no interactions between MP and Carbadox at any time point (P > 0.10). Pigs fed the PC, PC+MP and CuZn treatment had increased BW (P < 0.05), ADG (P < 0.05), ADFI (P < 0.10) and G:F (P < 0.05) over the NC at the end of phases 1, 2, and 3, with no main effect of MP treatment. During Phase 4, pigs fed MP, PC, and CuZn diets all had increased ADG (P < 0.05; 431, 477, 455, 505, 486 g/d, diet 1-5, respectively) and ADFI (P < 0.05) over the NC fed pigs. Overall, d0-33, PC diets and CuZn supplemented pigs had increased ADG (P < 0.05) and ADFI (P < 0.05), with pigs fed MP tending to have increased ADFI (P < 0.08) over NC fed pigs. Feeding nursery pigs pharmacological levels of Cu+Zn and carbadox have economical value to increase nursery pig performance with MP may increase pig ADFI and final BW through potentially complimentary modes of action.

scholarly journals 80 Determining the effects of tryptophan biomass on growth performance of 11 to 23 kg nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
Madison R Wensley ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Growth Trial

Abstract A total of 320 barrows (DNA 200×400, initially 11.3 ± 0.65 kg BW) were used in a 21-d growth trial evaluating the effects of feeding Trp biomass (CJ America-Bio, Downers Grove, IL) as a source of Trp on nursery pig performance. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age, placed in pens based on initial BW, and fed a common diet. On d 21 after weaning, pigs were weighed and pens were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs/pen and 16 replicates/treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (16% SID Trp:Lys), positive control (21% SID Trp:Lys from crystalline L-Trp), or diets containing Trp biomass to provide 21 or 23.5% SID Trp:Lys (included at 0.104 or 0.156% of the diet, respectively). Diets were corn-soybean meal based and contained 1.25% SID Lys with other AA set to meet or exceed NRC (2012) requirement estimates. The Trp biomass contained 69% Trp. Growth data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. Overall (d 0 to 21) pigs fed 21% Trp from L-Trp or Trp biomass had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to the control, with pigs fed the 23.5% SID Trp biomass intermediate. Pigs fed the 21% Trp from Trp biomass had improved (P < 0.05) G:F compared to the control with others intermediate. In conclusion, Trp biomass is a viable alternative to crystalline Trp, but further evaluation at higher inclusion levels is needed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dietary electrolyte balance on nursery pig performance1

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M Jones ◽  
Fangzhou Wu ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Increasing dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) has been reported to linearly improve pig growth performance up to approximately 200 to 250 mEq/kg. However, recent data indicate that increasing dietary dEB reduced growth performance of nursery pigs. To attempt to solve this discrepancy, a total of 2,880 weanling pigs (327 × 1,050; PIC, Hendersonville, TN; 5.2 kg initial BW) were used to determine the effects of increasing dEB on nursery pig performance. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and gender on arrival. Within block, pens were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments. There were 30 pigs per pen (60 pigs per double-sided feeder) and 12 replications (feeder) per treatment. Dietary treatments were fed in two phases. The phase 1 diet was based on corn–soybean meal, contained dried distillers grains with soblubles (DDGS), spray-dried whey, and specialty protein sources, and was fed from days 0 to 8. The phase 2 (days 8 to 21) diets contained corn, soybean meal, and DDGS with reduced amounts of specialty protein sources. Dietary electrolyte balance was determined using the following equation: dEB = [(Na × 434.98) + (K × 255.74) − (Cl × 282.06)] mEq/kg. The dEB of the four phase 1 diets were 84, 137, 190, and 243 mEq/kg, and dEB of the four phase 2 diets were 29, 86, 143, and 199 mEq/kg. After feeding experimental diets for 21 day, a common, commercial corn–soybean meal diet was fed to all pigs from days 21 to 35 and contained a dEB of 257 mEq/kg. During days 0 to 8, increasing dEB increased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F. From days 8 to 21, increasing dEB improved ADG (quadratic, P = 0.022) and ADFI (linear, P = 0.001), resulting in an improvement (quadratic, P = 0.001) in G:F. Overall (days 0 to 21), increasing dEB increased (linear, P &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and improved (quadratic, P &lt; 0.001) G:F. When a common diet was fed to all pigs from days 21 to 35, there was a linear reduction in ADG and G:F with increasing dietary dEB, but no effect of ADFI. For the overall nursery period (days 0 to 35), increasing dEB from days 0 to 21 increased (linear, P &lt; 0.001) ADG and final BW, which was the result of increased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) G:F and marginally greater (linear, P = 0.077) ADFI. In conclusion, increasing dietary dEB up to 243 and 199 mEq/kg (in phases 1 and 2, respectively) in nursery diets improved growth performance of weanling pigs.

PSVI-13 Amino Acid Supplementation During the Adaptation Period Did Not Affect the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Corn and Soybean Meal Fed to Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Choi ◽  
Sun Jong You ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to determine the influence of amino acid (AA) supplementation during the adaptation period on the ileal digestibility of crude protein and AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Six barrows with an initial body weight of 30.9 ± 2.6 kg fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. Two experimental diets contained corn or SBM as the sole source of AA and an N-free diet was additionally prepared. For AA supplementation groups, an AA mixture consisted of Gly, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Ile, Val, His, and Phe was added to the corn diet and the N-free diet at the expense of cornstarch, and an AA mixture of Lys, Met, and Thr was added to the SBM diet. All diets contained 0.5% of chromic oxide. The 6 experimental diets were fed to the pigs for 4 and half days, and the 3 diets containing AA mixture were switched to the respective diets without AA mixture during the following 2 and half days. Ileal digesta were collected during the last 2 days. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Arg and Trp in corn (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that in SBM. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Pro and Gly regardless of feed ingredient (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that of other AA. All AA except Pro in corn and SBM were unaffected by the addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period. In conclusion, the addition of amino acid during the adaptation period does not affect the standardized ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids in feed ingredients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a bioprocessed soybean meal on nursery pig performance and immune status1,2

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 5030-5039 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Koepke ◽  
R. S. Kaushik ◽  
W. R. Gibbons ◽  
M. Brown ◽  
C. L. Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Performance

scholarly journals PSV-21 effects of soybean meal and net energy level on nursery pig performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
Brittany Carrender ◽  
Hayden E Williams ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Performance

Abstract Nursery pigs (n = 3,796; 17.6 kg BW) were used in a 22-d study evaluating the effects of increasing soybean meal on nursery pig performance. At 8 weeks of age, pens were allotted to treatment based on location in a randomized complete block design with 39 to 40 pigs per pen. Ten pens were placed on the positive control treatment and 12 pens placed on all other treatments. Experimental diets were fed in one phase (d 0 to 22) in meal form. Treatments included a positive control diet with 40% soybean meal and 1.8% choice white grease. Six diets were formulated with increasing soybean meal (17.5 to 40%) without added fat. Pigs were weighed on d 0, 13, and 22 to determine ADG, ADFI, G:F and NE efficiency. Growth data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit. Growth data were evaluated using linear and quadratic effects of soybean meal level and a pairwise comparison of the 40% soybean meal treatments with and without added fat. An outbreak of E. coli-associated disease was noted in the first 2 weeks of the experiment. Overall, increasing soybean meal tended to decrease (linear; P = 0.070) ADG, decreased (linear; P = 0.0001) ADFI, improved (linear; P = 0.0001) G:F and caloric efficiency, and reduced (linear; P = 0.050) removal rate (Table 1). Pigs fed the positive control had decreased (P = 0.019) ADFI and improved (P = 0.001) G:F compared to pigs fed the 40% soybean meal diet without added fat. These results suggest the net energy value for soybean meal was underestimated in diet formulation. Increasing soybean meal level in the diet reduced removal rate, suggesting soybean meal may provide added health benefits beside amino acids and energy.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of different varieties of sorghum and the effects on nursery pig growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori L Thomas ◽  
Charmaine D Espinosa ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Hans H Stein ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
High Lysine ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Five experiments were conducted to determine the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in three sorghum varieties compared with corn and to determine the effects of sorghum varieties on nursery pig growth. In exp. 1, 48 barrows (initially 18.6 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial evaluating two levels of microbial phytase (0 or 500 units/kg) and four grain sources (corn, high-lysine, red, or white sorghum). Added phytase improved (P &lt; 0.05) STTD of P in all ingredients, but was not different among the grains. In exp. 2, the DE and ME in the three sorghum varieties were not different from corn. In exp. 3, 10 growing barrows (initially 25.9 kg) with a T-cannula in the terminal ileum were used. Standardized ileal digestible Lys, Met, Thr, and Val were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in corn than in the sorghum-based diets with no differences among the sorghum varieties. In exp. 4, 160 pigs (initially 6.3 kg) were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments with five pigs per pen and eight replicate pens per treatment in a 20-d experiment. Dietary treatments included corn or the three sorghum varieties, where the varieties of sorghum replaced corn on an SID Lys basis. No differences among treatments were observed in any growth performance parameters. In exp. 5, treatments consisted of a corn-based diet, a diet based on conventional sorghum (a mixture of red and white sorghum), and four diets with high-lysine sorghum containing increasing amounts of feed-grade AA, replacing soybean meal. Overall, pigs fed the high-lysine sorghum diet with the greatest amount of added feed-grade AA had the poorest gain:feed ratio (G:F; P &lt; 0.05) compared with pigs fed all the other experimental diets. Within those fed the high-lysine sorghum and feed-grade AA, average daily gain, final body weight (linear, P &lt; 0.10), and G:F (linear, P &lt; 0.01) decreased as feed-grade AA increased. In summary, no differences in STTD of P or in DE and ME were observed among the grain sources. The SID AA values for the three sorghum varieties were not different; however, they were all lower than for corn. These results indicate that these varieties of sorghum can successfully replace corn in nursery pig diets if diets are formulated to account for differences in AA digestibility.

scholarly journals 209 Effect of enzymatically fermented soybean meal and Lactobacillus plantarum on nursery pig performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 99-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Jones ◽  
J. C. Woodworth ◽  
S. S. Dritz ◽  
M. D. Tokach ◽  
R. D. Goodband
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean Meal ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Performance

scholarly journals 185 Effect of dacitic tuff breccia in nursery diets on pig growth performance and nutrient digestibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Ricardo M Garcia ◽  
Jon Ferrel ◽  
Karissa N Rulon ◽  
Morgan T Thayer ◽  
Julie F Mahoney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Tuff Breccia

Abstract For proper function of many metabolic processes trace element and mineral intake is important. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the addition of a dacitic tuff breccia (DTB), a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, on nursery pig growth and nutrient digestibility. Dietary treatments were: 1) Control (CON) and 2) CON+0.50% DTB (DTB). Pigs (7.73±0.205 kg; 26 d of age) were individually housed and fed for 20d (n=24, 12/trt). Nutrient digestibility was evaluated using individual metabolism pens for 3d total collection of feces and urine during the last week of evaluation. DTB had no effect on pig performance during week 1 (P &gt;0.28). Week 2 ADG (128 versus 302 g/d; P=0.02), BW (10.63 versus 11.77 kg; P=0.03), and G:F (0.275 versus 0.608; P=0.02) were improved for DTB compared to CON fed pigs. Week 3 ADFI was greater for DTB fed pigs compared to CON (642 vs 768 g/d; P=0.01). Overall (d0-20), DTB fed pigs had greater ADG (279 versus 352 g/d; P=0.04), final BW (13.3 versus 14.8 kg; P=0.04), and numerically greater ADFI (497 versus 558 g/d; P=0.16) and G:F (0.562 versus 0.624; P=0.22) compared to CON. During the collection period, ADG was numerically increased (396 versus 427 g/d; P=0.69) and ADFI (544 vs 668 g/d; P=0.03) was greater for DTB versus CON fed pigs. Nutrient digestibility was not affected by inclusion of DTB in the diet (P &gt;0.05). Digestibility coefficients for CON and DTB, respectively, were: 0.863 and 0.856 for DM; 0.842 and 0.842 for digestible energy; 0.824 and 0.814 for nitrogen; 0.701 and 0.667 for phosphorus; 0.873 and 0.816 for sodium; 0.481 and 0.431 for zinc; 0.517 and 0.458 for iron; and 0.438 and 0.392 for manganese. DTB in nursery pig diets improved growth performance and tended to improve feed intake, but had no effect on nutrient digestibility.

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