scholarly journals Evaluation of dietary electrolyte balance on nursery pig performance1

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M Jones ◽  
Fangzhou Wu ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Increasing dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) has been reported to linearly improve pig growth performance up to approximately 200 to 250 mEq/kg. However, recent data indicate that increasing dietary dEB reduced growth performance of nursery pigs. To attempt to solve this discrepancy, a total of 2,880 weanling pigs (327 × 1,050; PIC, Hendersonville, TN; 5.2 kg initial BW) were used to determine the effects of increasing dEB on nursery pig performance. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and gender on arrival. Within block, pens were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments. There were 30 pigs per pen (60 pigs per double-sided feeder) and 12 replications (feeder) per treatment. Dietary treatments were fed in two phases. The phase 1 diet was based on corn–soybean meal, contained dried distillers grains with soblubles (DDGS), spray-dried whey, and specialty protein sources, and was fed from days 0 to 8. The phase 2 (days 8 to 21) diets contained corn, soybean meal, and DDGS with reduced amounts of specialty protein sources. Dietary electrolyte balance was determined using the following equation: dEB = [(Na × 434.98) + (K × 255.74) − (Cl × 282.06)] mEq/kg. The dEB of the four phase 1 diets were 84, 137, 190, and 243 mEq/kg, and dEB of the four phase 2 diets were 29, 86, 143, and 199 mEq/kg. After feeding experimental diets for 21 day, a common, commercial corn–soybean meal diet was fed to all pigs from days 21 to 35 and contained a dEB of 257 mEq/kg. During days 0 to 8, increasing dEB increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F. From days 8 to 21, increasing dEB improved ADG (quadratic, P = 0.022) and ADFI (linear, P = 0.001), resulting in an improvement (quadratic, P = 0.001) in G:F. Overall (days 0 to 21), increasing dEB increased (linear, P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and improved (quadratic, P < 0.001) G:F. When a common diet was fed to all pigs from days 21 to 35, there was a linear reduction in ADG and G:F with increasing dietary dEB, but no effect of ADFI. For the overall nursery period (days 0 to 35), increasing dEB from days 0 to 21 increased (linear, P < 0.001) ADG and final BW, which was the result of increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) G:F and marginally greater (linear, P = 0.077) ADFI. In conclusion, increasing dietary dEB up to 243 and 199 mEq/kg (in phases 1 and 2, respectively) in nursery diets improved growth performance of weanling pigs.

Effect of dietary fermented oats in different nutrient-density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ileal microorganisms of weanling pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2230
Author(s):  
J. W. Park ◽  
H. L. Li ◽  
J. K. Kim ◽  
D. H. Nguyen ◽  
I. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A total of 160 crossbred weanling pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 28 days old] with an initial bodyweight of 8.01 ± 0.74 kg were used in a 42-day trial (Phase 1: Days 1–14, Phase 2: Days 14–42). The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of fermented oats (FO) to a corn and soybean meal-based diet on the performance of weanling pigs fed with high nutrient-density (HD) and low nutrient-density (LD) diets. Pigs were randomly distributed into one of four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Two levels of nutrient density [LD = 3323 (Phase 1: 1–14 days) and 3269 kcal/kg (Phase 2: 14–42 days); HD = 3446 (Phase 1: 1–14 days) and 3325 kcal/kg (Phase 2: 14–42 days), the differences in dietary energy were based on differences in the content of fish meal, animal fat, corn and FO [0%, 5% (Phase 1) or 2.5% (Phase 2)] were used according to the bodyweight and sex of pigs [8 replicate pens per treatment with 5 pigs in a pen (3 gilts and 2 barrows)]. During the overall trial period (Days 1–42), the average daily gain and gain:feed ratio of pigs fed HD and FO diets were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those of pigs fed with LD and non-fermented oats diets respectively. On Day 14, the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen of the HD groups were significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) than those of the LD groups. The apparent total tract digestibility of energy of the FO groups was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) than that of the non-fermented oats diet groups during the whole experimental period. Pigs fed with FO showed higher (P ≤ 0.05) ileal Lactobacillus and lower (P ≤ 0.05) Escherichia coli counts compared with those fed with the non-fermented oats diet. In conclusion, administration of FO to a LD diet demonstrated beneficial effects on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ileal microorganisms balance of weanling pigs.

scholarly journals PSIV-12 A fortified protein blend as a replacement for animal and fish proteins in nursery pig diets: Effects on growth performance, immune status, microbial metabolites, and fecal scoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
Jorge Y P Palencia ◽  
Clayton S Chastain ◽  
Morgan T Thayer ◽  
Alan W Duttlinger ◽  
Kayla M Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fish Proteins

Abstract This experiment observed the effects of replacing animal and fish proteins with a fortified protein blend (PROPLEX MVP) on growth performance, immune status, microbial metabolites, and fecal scoring of nursery pigs. A total of 244 barrows and gilts [Duroc x (Landrace x Yorkshire), avg. 19 d age and BW 5.88 ± 1.38 kg] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 dietary treatments × 2 feeding programs). The dietary treatments were: 1) Control diet (CONT) with animal and fish proteins and 2) PROPLEX MVP (MVP100): CONT with MVP replacing 100% of the animal and fish proteins. The feeding programs for each feeding phase were: high budget (H): Phase 1: 2.3 kg/pig; Phase 2: 4.5 kg/pig; Phase 3: 6.8 kg/pig and low budget (L): Phase 1: 1.1 kg/pig; Phase 2: 2.3 kg/pig; Phase 3: 3.4 kg/pig). For d 0-7, pigs fed CONT had greater ADG, ADFI, and G:F (P < 0.001) compared to MVP100. From d 7 to 14, ADG and G:F were greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed MVP100 compared to CONT pigs and greater for pigs fed the H budget compared to the L budget (P < 0.05). Overall, d 0 to 35, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in pig final BW, overall ADG, and G:F. For week two and most of the experimental period, pigs fed CONT had greater (P < 0.05) fecal scores, more soft and watery feces, and increased diarrhea incidence compared to MVP100 pigs. The total concentration of fecal volatile fatty acids was greater (P < 0.05) in CONT compared to MVP100 fed pigs. In conclusion, the MVP protein blend can be used as a cost effective alternative to animal and fish proteins in nursery pig diets without compromising overall growth performance, immune status, and post-weaning diarrhea.

scholarly journals PSI-33 Effect of conditioning temperature and pellet diameter on nursery pig growth performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
Olivia Harrison ◽  
Ashton Yoder ◽  
Cassandra K Jones
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Pellet Diameter ◽  
Conditioning Temperature ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Feed ◽  
Pig Performance

Abstract A total of 350 nursery pigs (initially 7.6 kg BW) were used in a 28-d trial to evaluate the effects of conditioning temperature and pellet diameter on nursery pig performance. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments with 10 pens/treatment and 5 pigs/pen. The 7 treatments were arranged in a 2×3 factorial design plus a mash control, with the factors of pellet diameter (4.0 mm vs. 4.8 mm), and conditioning temperature (low, medium, vs. high). Phase 1 conditioning temperatures were 54°C, 66°C, and 77°C, while phase 2 conditioning temperatures were 54°C, 71°C, and 88°C for low, medium, and high, respectively. Pigs were fed phase 1 from d 0 to 14, which contained 10% spray dried whey, while phase 2 was fed from d 14 to 28, which did not contain milk products. Pig weights and feed disappearance were recorded weekly to determine ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. Pellet diameter did not impact (P &gt; 0.05) nursery pig growth performance. Pigs fed pelleted diets had greater (P &lt; 0.05) G:F than those fed mash diets. During phase 1 and overall, there were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) interactive or main effects. However, conditioning phase 2 diets at lower temperatures improved (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and G:F than medium and high conditioning temperatures. In conclusion, pelleting improves nursery pig feed efficiency. To maximize nursery pig feed efficiency, phase 2 diets should be conditioned at relatively low temperatures.

scholarly journals 245 Evaluation of Cellulose in Diets with and Without Added Zno on Nursery Pig Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Jenna A Chance ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Hilda I Calderon ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Weaning Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract A total of 1,296 pigs (PIC L337×1050; initially 4.8 kg) were used in a 42-d study to evaluate cellulose in diets with and without pharmacological levels of Zn on nursery pig performance. Our hypothesis was that added fiber (cellulose) may provide more benefit in diets without ZnO. Pens were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a RCBD by BW with 27 pigs/pen and 12 pens/treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2×2 factorial with main effects of cellulose (0 vs 1%; J. Rettenmaier USA, Schoolcraft, MI) and Zn (200 vs. 3,000 mg/kg in phase 1 and 110 vs. 2,000 mg/kg in phase 2). Treatment diets were formulated in two phases fed from d 0 to 7 and 7 to 21 with a common diet fed from d 21 to 42 post-weaning. Pig weights and feed disappearance were collected weekly to determine ADG, ADFI, and G:F. On d 16 or 17, fecal samples were collected from 3 pigs/pen to determine fecal DM, and all pens were visually evaluated for fecal consistency. There were no Zn×cellulose interactions. For the experimental and overall period, pigs fed diets containing added Zn had increased (P &lt; 0.001) ADG, ADFI, G:F and BW while those that were fed cellulose had decreased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG. For fecal dry matter, there was no evidence for difference (P &gt;0.10) between any of the treatments but those fed added ZnO had visually firmer feces as evidenced by lower (P &lt; 0.001) fecal scores. When fed a common diet from d 21 to 42, pigs previously fed added ZnO had increased (P &lt; 0.001) ADG (502 vs. 523 g/d) and ADFI (697 vs. 734 g/d). In conclusion, there were no interactive effects between added cellulose and Zn; however, cellulose reduced ADG while the inclusion of pharmacological levels of Zn improved all growth criteria.

PSV-17 Evaluation of the Effects of a Feed Sweetener on Nursery Pig Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Thomas E Weber ◽  
Julie Salyer ◽  
Audrey Walter ◽  
Yan Lei ◽  
Yulin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Performance

Abstract Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of a feed sweetener on nursery pig performance. In the first study, 360 pigs (PIC 800 x 1050; 6.22 ± 1.20 kg) were blocked by BW and pen location and assigned to 3 treatment groups: 1) Control; 2) 100 mg/kg feed sweetener; or 3) 200 mg/kg feed sweetener. There were 12 pens containing 10 pigs for each treatment. In the second study, 540 pigs (6.12 ± 0.39 kg) were blocked by BW and pen location and assigned to 3 treatment groups: 1) negative control; 2) 100 mg/kg feed sweetener; or 3) 0.5% carob bean. There were 18 pens containing 10 pigs per pen for each treatment. A 3-phase feeding program was used, and diets were fed for 6 wk in both studies. In study 1, ADFI, ADG, and gain:feed were increased (P &lt; 0.05) during Phase 1 for pigs fed diets with 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg sweetener. Phase 2 ADFI and ADG were increased (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed 100 mg/kg sweetener when compared to the control. Increased BW (P &lt; 0.05) were observed on D 7, 14 and 21 for animals fed 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg sweetener. The mortality rate was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in the group of animals fed 100 mg/kg sweetener compared to the control. In study 2, there was no effect of sweetener or carob bean on growth performance, feed intake or gain:feed. However, mortality rate was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the sweetener compared to pigs fed carob bean. In conclusion, the feed sweetener improved early nursery performance in one study and had no effect in another study. Mortality was decreased by supplementation with 100 mg/kg sweetener when compared to a negative control in one study and compared pigs fed carob bean in the second study. Further research is needed to explore differences observed between studies to optimize feed sweetener usage strategy.

scholarly journals PSVI-1 Dietary protease supplementation on growth performance and post-weaning diarrhea of nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
Jorge Y Perez-Palencia ◽  
David A Clizer ◽  
Christian Ramirez-Camba ◽  
Ryan S Samuel ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effect of dietary protease supplementation on pig’s growth performance and post-weaning diarrhea in a 43-d trial. A total of 936 weaned pigs [21 d of age, initial BW 5.87 ± 0.31 kg] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 nutritional levels × 2 protease levels). The nutritional levels corresponded to a standard feeding program and a reduced feeding program (15% lower SID Lys) and without or with protease supplementation (0.0125% inclusion). Piglets were distributed in 36 pens with 26 pigs per pen and 9 replicates per dietary treatment. Pigs received a common Phase 1 diet and experimental diets in Phase 2, 3, and 4, (0.91, 3.4, 4.5, and 24.0 kg/pig, respectively). Phytase was included at 2,500 U in Phase 2 – 4, all diets met energy and AA:Lys requirements for nursery pigs. Feed intake and body weight were determined every 2 weeks. A pen fecal score assessment was performed at d7, 10, and 14. Performance data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure and fecal score data using the PROC FREQ procedure (SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). No significant interactions (P &gt; 0.05) were observed between dietary treatments. From d15 to 43 and during overall experimental period, pigs fed standard diets had greater BW, ADG, and G:F (P &lt; 0.05) than pigs fed deficient diets (Table 1). On d7, pigs fed deficient diet had more (X2 &lt; 0.05) soft and watery feces, and consequently less normal feces compared to pigs fed standard diets (Figure 1). On d7, 10, and 14, pigs fed diets with protease supplementation had more (X2 &lt; 0.05) normal feces compared to control pigs. Overall, effects of dietary protease supplementation on growth performance were not expressive under the conditions of this study but protease addition benefited intestinal health of nursery pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of Lysine Cell Mass Supplementation as a Substitute for L-Lysine·HCl on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, and Blood Profiles in Weaning Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Jinsu Hong ◽  
Hee-Seong Kim ◽  
Sungho Do ◽  
Hong-Jun Kim ◽  
Sung-Won Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Blood Profiles

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lysine cell mass (LCM) as an alternative lysine source in diets for weaning pigs on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and blood profiles. In experiment 1, a total of 200 weaning pigs, with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 1.04 kg, were allotted into one of five treatments with four replicates of 10 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The dietary treatments were composed of LCM supplementation (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0%) with partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl (0 to 0.8% for phase 1 diets and 0 to 0.07% for phase 2 diets). The BW and feed intake were recorded at the end of each phase (d 0 to 14 for phase 1, d 14 to 35 for phase 2), and diarrhea incidence was checked daily throughout the experimental period. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of pigs at 2 weeks and 5 weeks to determine the blood profiles of weaning pigs. In experiment 2, a total of 144 weaning pigs with an average BW of 6.44 ± 1.19 kg were allotted into one of six treatments with six replicates of four pigs per pen in RCBD. The dietary treatments were composed of LCM supplementation (0 to 3.5% for phase 1 diets and 0 to 2.2% for phase 2 diets) with replacement of L-lysine·HCl from 0 to 100%. In experiment 1, partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl with 0 to 1% LCM did not affect growth performance and diarrhea incidence of pigs. An increase in the LCM supplementation from 0 to 1% with partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl had no influence on the blood urea nitrogen concentrations, whereas it resulted in a linear decrease (p < 0.05) in the serum IgG concentrations for 5 weeks. In experiment 2, increasing the dietary level of LCM with replacement of L-lysine·HCl quadratically decreased (p < 0.05) ADG and G–F ratio for phase 2 and G–F ratio for the overall period such that 100% replacement of L-lysine·HCl with LCM decreased ADG and G–F ratio of weaning pigs. An increase in the LCM supplementation with replacement of L-lysine·HCl tended to decrease linearly (p < 0.10) the diarrhea incidence of weaning pigs for the overall period and linearly decrease (p < 0.05) the serum IgG concentrations for 2 weeks. In conclusion, partial replacement of L-lysine·HCl with LCM from 0 to 1% had no negative impacts on the growth performance, but 100% replacement of L-lysine·HCl with LCM decreased the growth performance of weaning pigs. Therefore, LCM could be included in the diets for weaning pigs up to 2.8% and 1.76% for phase 1 and phase 2, respectively, as a substitute for L-lysine·HCl without detrimental effects on the performance of weaning pigs.

scholarly journals 244 Effect of Fiber Source and Crude Protein Level on Nursery Pig Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 94-95
Author(s):  
Kelsey Hammers ◽  
Hilda I Calderon ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract A total of 360 pigs (DNA 200′400, initially 5.0 kg) were used in a 45-d growth trial to determine the effects of fiber source and crude protein (CP) level in diets without pharmacological levels of ZnO on nursery pig growth performance and fecal dry matter (DM). Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 treatments with 5 pigs/pen and 9 pens/treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2×4 factorial with main effects of CP (21 or 18%) and fiber source [none, coarse wheat bran (CWB), oat hulls, or cellulose (Arbocel, J. Rettenmaier USA, Schoolcraft, MI)]. Fiber source was added to equalize the level of insoluble fiber contributed from 4% CWB, resulting in the addition of 1.85% oat hulls or 1.55% cellulose. Diets were fed in two phases (d 0 to 10 and 10 to 24) followed by a common diet (d 24 to 45). The 21% CP diets contained 1.40% SID Lys in phase 1 and 1.35% SID Lys in phase 2. Treatment diets were formulated to a maximum SID Lys:digestible CP level of 6.35%, thus SID Lys decreased in the 18% CP (1.25% SID Lys) diets. Data were analyzed using the lmer function in R. No fiber source × CP level interactions (P &gt;0.05) were observed. Decreasing dietary CP decreased (P = 0.05) ADG, G:F, and d 24 BW. Overall, ADG and d 45 BW decreased (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed 18% CP diets. No main effects of fiber source were observed for growth performance throughout the study. Fecal DM increased (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed added cellulose compared to pigs fed no fiber or CWB in the experimental period. In conclusion, reducing dietary CP decreased growth performance and the inclusion of cellulose improved fecal DM of nursery pigs.

scholarly journals 152 Effects of dietary lactose level on nursery pig performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
Jason Frank ◽  
Emily Sholtz ◽  
Casey Neill ◽  
Jon De Jong
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Weaned Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
D 20 ◽  
D 12

Abstract Lactose is a critical nutrient in post weaning diets to help pigs transition from sows’ milk to dry feed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary lactose level on nursery pig performance. For this trial 1,080 weaned pigs (PIC 359 x 1050; BW = 6.24 kg; 21 d) were fed 5 lactose programs using a feed budget. Program A = 24, 18, 7%; B = 20, 14, 5%; C =16, 10, 3%; D = 12, 6, 1%; and E = 8, 2, 0% lactose for Phase 1, 2, and 3; respectively. The feed budget for Phase 1 (d 0–7), 2 (d 7–14), and 3 (d 14–20) was 0.91, 3.4, and 4.5 kg/pig; respectively. A common Phase 4 (d 20–48) diet (0% lactose) was fed ad libitum. There was a quadratic response to lactose level in treatments A through E for Phase 1 ADFI (89, 71, 73, 73, 89 g/d; respectively, P = 0.034) and G:F (1.09, 1.33, 1.14, 1.15, 0.91; respectively, P = 0.042). Treatment A through E Phase 1 ADG was 100, 95, 91, 82, and 82 g/d, and Phase 2 ADG (Linear, P = 0.023) was 322, 313, 318, 304, and 295 g/d; respectively. The result was a linear trend for increased BW at the end of Phase 2 (P = 0.10) for treatments A through E (9.21, 9.10, 9.16, 9.00, 8.86 kg; respectively). Although feed cost/pig increased as lactose level increased (Linear, P = 0.041), there was no significant response in margin over feed cost/pig during the overall nursery period for treatments A through E ($15.31, $16.41, $16.22, $15.87, $16.04; respectively). In conclusion, pig performance improved during Phase 1 and 2 with increasing level of dietary lactose. These results confirm previous research showing the importance of dietary lactose in weaned pig diets.

scholarly journals Different Dietary Protein Sources in Low-Protein Diets Induces Changes in Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites of Weaned Piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianhua Zhang ◽  
Xiangshu Piao
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Protein Diets

Abstract Background: The inclusion of high-quality proteins and the protein restriction are commonly used in swine production. Our study was conducted to evaluate the effects of hydrolyzed wheat protein (HWP), fermented soybean meal (FSBM), and enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESBM) in low-protein diets on antioxidant capacity, immunity, fecal microbiota and metabolites of weaned piglets.Methods: A total of 144 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 6 replications of 8 piglets per pen. The experiment was divided into phase 1 ( days 0-14) and phase 2 (days 15-28). The dietary treatments contained 15.90% HWP, 15.80% FSBM, and 15.10% ESBM in phase 1, and 7.90% HWP, 7.80% FSBM, and 7.50% ESBM in phase 2, respectively.Results: The ADG of piglets in the ESBM group was higher (P < 0.05) than HWP and FSBM during days 1-28. Compared with HWP and FSBM, piglets in ESBM had higher (P < 0.05) serum levels of FRAP and SOD on days 14, as well as higher (P < 0.05) serum FRAP level on days 28. Piglets in ESBM had lower (P < 0.05) serum levels of DAO and IL-1β than HWP on day 28. ESBM significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Oscillospiraceae and Christensenellaceae and decreased the Clostridiaceae abundance in the feces compared with HWP and FSBM. The PICRUSt analysis revealed that the number of gene tags involved in valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation and lysine degradation in ESBM were lower (P < 0.05) than HWP and FSBM. Piglets in ESBM had higher (P < 0.05) fecal butyrate content compared with FSBM, and ESBM tended to decrease (P = 0.076) fecal cadaverine level.Conclusions: Overall, ESBM had advantages over HWP and FSBM in improving antioxidant capacity, immunity, and fecal microbiota and metabolites of weaned piglets.

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