scholarly journals PSV-9 Effects of insoluble fiber source (cellulose or distillers dried grains with solubles) on growth performance of nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 193-194
Author(s):  
Henrique S Cemin ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Fence Line ◽  
Line Feeder

Abstract A total of 3,171 pigs (PIC 327×L42; initially 5.8 kg) were used in a 39-d study. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with 0 or 1% cellulose (Arbocel, J. Rettenmaier USA, Schoolcraft, MI) and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 0 or 5% in phase 1 and 0 or 15% in phase 2). Dietary phases 1 and 2 were offered from d 0 to 10 and 10 to 25, respectively. From d 25 to 39, pigs received a common diet with 25% DDGS. Pens were blocked by weight and allotted to treatments in a randomized complete block design. Experimental unit was two pens (66 pigs) sharing a fence-line feeder with 12 replicates per treatment. Data were analyzed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with block as random effect. From d 0 to 25 and d 0 to 39, there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between cellulose and DDGS for ADG. Pigs fed diets with both DDGS and cellulose had lower ADG than those fed diets without DDGS, with pigs fed diets with DDGS without the addition of cellulose being intermediate. From d 25 to 39, there was a tendency (P = 0.080) for an interaction for ADFI. Pigs previously fed diets without DDGS and with cellulose had higher ADFI than those fed diets with DDGS and cellulose, and pigs previously fed diets without cellulose had similar ADFI regardless of DDGS inclusion. There was a tendency for an interaction (P = 0.070) for pig removals. Adding cellulose to diets without DDGS numerically decreased pig removals, but the inclusion of cellulose to diets with DDGS resulted in increased pig removals. In summary, adding fiber to the diet as cellulose or DDGS resulted in a less pig removals; however, adding both cellulose and DDGS decreased ADG and ADFI.

scholarly journals 155 Effects of soybean meal level and distillers dried grains with solubles inclusion on growth performance of late nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
Henrique S Cemin ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Aaron M Gaines ◽  
Brent W Ratliff ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Treatment Experiment ◽  
Feeding Diets

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of soybean meal (SBM) level in diets with or without distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance of late nursery pigs. A total of 1,064 and 1,011 pigs (PIC 280×1050; initially 10.5 ± 0.36 and 10.9 ± 0.22 kg) were used in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively, with 21 to 27 pigs per pen. Pens were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with 7 replicates per treatment per experiment. Treatments 1 to 3 were diets with 23% DDGS and 21, 27, or 35% SBM. Treatments 4 and 5 were corn-SBM diets with 27 or 35% SBM. Diets were balanced to 1.30% standardized ileal digestible lysine and 2,606 kcal of net energy/kg. Data were analyzed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit and block as random effect. There was no evidence for treatment × experiment interactions, thus data from both trials were combined. Feeding diets with 23% DDGS decreased (P = 0.033) ADFI and improved (P = 0.033) G:F compared to corn-SBM diets, which may indicate underestimation of DDGS net energy. When analyzed as a factorial with or without DDGS, pigs fed diets with 35% SBM had a tendency (P = 0.052) for increased ADG and improved (P = 0.001) G:F compared with diets with pigs fed 27% SBM. As SBM increased from 21 to 35% in diets with DDGS, ADG (linear, P = 0.001) and G:F (quadratic, P = 0.007) improved. In summary, feeding diets with increasing SBM improved growth performance in late nursery pigs.

scholarly journals PSVI-17 Evaluation of a nutritional water supplement on growth performance of nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 208-208
Author(s):  
Afton Sawyer ◽  
Scott Carter ◽  
Carson Cooper ◽  
Pornpim Aparachita ◽  
Megan R Bible ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Water Treatments

Abstract One-hundred forty weanling pigs (5.26 kg; 20 d of age) were used to determine the effects of a nutritional water supplement (WB; Water Boost, Furst-McNess, Freeport, IL) on growth performance of nursery pigs. Pigs were randomly allotted to two water treatments (7 pens/treatment; 10 pigs/pen). The water treatments were 0 and 62.5 mL WB/L of water (stock solution) supplied by water medicators (1:100 dilution). Pigs were fed simple, corn soybean meal diets (no plasma or crystalline lactose utilized) in four dietary phases (Phase 1: d 0-7, Phase 2: d 7-14, Phase 3: d 14-21, and Phase 4: d 21-42). The water treatments were provided on d 0 through d 3. Pigs and feeders were weighed weekly to determine ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Water meters were used to record and calculate water disappearance. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with pen serving as the experimental unit. Water disappearance (L/pig/d) was not affected from d 0-21, but it increased (P < 0.01) for pigs provided WB for d 21-42 (1.71 vs 2.12) and d 0-42 (1.11 vs 1.35). Growth performance was not affected by WB during d 0-21. However, from d 21-42, WB tended to increase (P < 0.10) ADG (483 vs 528 g/d) and ADFI (706 vs 767 g/d), but it had no effect on G:F. For the overall period, pigs provided WB from d 0-3 tended to have improved G:F (0.671 vs 0.684) and numerical increases in ADG (P = 0.14) and ADFI (P = 0.17) were observed. Final ending body weight tended to be increased (P < 0.10) for pigs provided WB (18.6 vs 19.9 kg). These results suggest providing WB for the first three days in the nursery to pigs fed corn soybean meal-based diets increased water disappearance and tended to improve growth performance of nursery pigs.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Effect of phytase, Natuphos® e, target dosing on pig performance and feed cost savings from wean to finish

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 188-188
Author(s):  
Michael Coelho ◽  
Robert Jones ◽  
Frank Parks
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Pig Performance

Abstract This study examined the effect of a phytase, Natuphos E, target dosing on pig performance and feed costs from wean to finish. A total of 240 (PIC 337 x Camborough), pigs were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (6 pig/pen x 2 treatments x 20 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight equalized and fed mash corn/soy diets formulated to meet or exceed the current NRC (2012) recommendations. Treatments consisted of PC, NC1 in phase 1 and 2=PC- 0.16% Ca, - 0.14% aP, -0.02% Na + 3000 FTU/kg phytase. NC2 in phase 3 and grow-fin= PC- 0.16% Ca, - 0.14% aP, -0.02% Na, -120 Kcal/kg + 2500 FTU/kg phytase. Phase 2 ADG was 396 and 457 g/d, P < 0.05, respectively, and FCR was 1.31 and 1.25, P < 0.05, respectively. Phase 3 (11-23kg) ADG was 638 and 644 g, P < 0.05, respectively, and FCR was 1.52 and 1.48, P < 0.05, respectively. Finishing phase (120 kg) ADG was 871 and 875 g, P < 0.05, respectively, and FCR was 3.02 and 2.98, P < 0.05, respectively. In phase 1 and 2, only P, Ca and Na were removed from the diet, allowing AA and ME released from phytic acid to go into performance, ADG increased by 15% and FCR improved by 6 points, P < 0.05. In conclusion, by removing P in phase 1 and 2 and adding 3000 FTU/kg phytase, ADG and FCR were significantly improved, and net feed cost was reduced by $1.33/ton. In phase 3 and grow-fin, P and ME savings and adding 2500 FTU/kg phytase reduced net cost by $11.00/ton feed, while maintaining the pig performance.

scholarly journals PSIV-16 Effect of a 1-monoglyceride, 1,2-diglyceride of butyric-, caproic- and caprilic acid, and Avilamycin on performance and intestinal E. coli when fed to piglets challenged with E. coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Michael Coelho ◽  
Peter Ader
Keyword(s):  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
T1 And T2

Abstract This study examined the effect of 1-monoglycerides and 1,2-diglycerides of butyric-, caproic- and caprylic acid (SILOHealth™ 104L [monoglycerides]) and avilamycin on day 14 and 21 post weaning performance of E. coli (GN-Ent and O157:H7) day 5 challenged piglets fed corn/soy diets that met or exceeded current NRC (2012) recommendations. A total of 96, Choice Genetics CG32, piglets were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (4 piglets/pen x 3 treatments x 8 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight and were orally dosed with 5 ml (1x109 CFU/g, strain GN-Ent and O157:H7) E. coli d 5 after weaning (Ec). The treatment were: NC with Ec; T1=NC + 3 kg/MT monoglycerides; T2=NC+ 80 ppm avilamycin. Least significant difference was used to compare means of treatment. Mortalities and pen removals were weighed and recorded. The E. coli infection model was effective in causing E. coli mortality of 25% at d14 post weaning and 33% at d21 post weaning in NC. T1 and T2 reduced mortality versus NC at d14 (25, 3 and 0%, P < 0.05) and d21 (33, 4 and 0%, P < 0.05), increased ADG at d14 (203, 255 and 259 g, P < 0.05) and d21 (456, 511 and 515 g, P < 0.05), decreased FCR at d21 (1.90, 1.85 and 1.83, P < 0.05), and decreased intestinal E. coli, log 10 of CFU/g, versus NC (4.1, 2.2 and 2.1, P < 0.05). Monoglycerides and avilamycin performance, mortality and intestinal E. coli log 10 were not significantly different at P < 0.05. In conclusion, the use of monoglycerides improved ADG, reduced FCR, reduced mortality and reduced intestinal E. coli log 10 at day 14 and 21 post weaning versus NC and monoglycerides were not significant different (P < 0.05) than avilamycin.

scholarly journals 126 Energy (ME)-releasing efficacy of graded levels of 6-phytase, Natuphos® E, and a NSPase, Natugrain® TS, in 35 kg pigs fed corn/soy diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
Michael Coelho ◽  
Robert Jones ◽  
Frank Parks
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Feed Costs

Abstract This study evaluated the metabolizable (ME) release of graded levels of phytase when fed to 35 kg pigs on mash corn/soy diets formulated to meet or exceed current NRC (2012) recommendations. A total of 280 male (PIC 337 x Camborough) pigs were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (4 pig/pen x 8 treatments x 10 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight. Treatments groups consisted of PC, NC1=PC- 0.17% Ca, - 0.15% aP, -0.02% Na, -200 kcal/kg, T1=NC +1000 FTU/kg phytase+0.15 g/kg NSPase, T2=NC+1500 FTU/kg phytase+0.15 g/kg NSPase, T3=NC+2000 FTU/kg phytase+0.15 g/kg NSPase, T4=NC+2500 FTU/kg phytase+0.15 g/kg NSPase and T5=NC+3000 FTU/kg phytase +0.15 g/kg NSPase. TiO2 was used as the undigestible marker. Feed, rectum grabbed fecal samples were collected at 35 kg pigs. ME was 3407, 3213, 3301, 3329, 3345, 3354 and 3358 Kcal/kg, P < 0.05, respectively. The NC reduced the ME by 194 Kcal/kg versus the PC. 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 FTU/kg released 87, 116, 132, 141 and 145 Kcal/kg, respectively. Least cost formulation reduced net feed costs by $8.63, $9.22, $11.10, $11.90 and $12.39/ton, respectively. In conclusion, Natuphos E by breaking down phytic acid and Natugrain TS by breaking down NSPs released up to 145 Kcal/kg ME in pigs.

scholarly journals 127 A novel find of a Feed NSPase Enzyme, Natugrain® TS, reducing finish pig hemorrhagic bowel syndrome mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
Michael Coelho ◽  
Robert Jones ◽  
Frank Parks
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Intestinal Lesion ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract This study presents a novel find of a Feed NSPase Enzyme, Natugrain TS, reducing finish pig hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) mortality. A total of 3,750 weaned pigs (28 kg), (PIC 337 x Camborough), were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (25 pigs/pen x 5 treatments x 30 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight and were fed mash corn/soy/DDGs diets formulated to meet or exceed current NRC (2012) recommendations. Treatments were T1= 0 g/MT Natugrain TS, T2= 100 g/MT Natugrain TS, T3= 150 g/MT Natugrain TS, T4= 200 g/MT Natugrain TS and T5= 250 g/MT Natugrain TS. At the finishing phase, Natugrain TS significantly decreased intestinal E. coli log 10 (7.12, 4.95, 4.02, 3.21 and 3.25 log 10, P < 0.05, respectively), significantly decreased intestinal lesion score (0–5 score) (4.21, 4.02, 2.98, 2.25 and 2.26, P < 0.05, respectively). Microbiota was analyzed in fresh, manually collected, rectum fecal samples. Microbiota was separated into prevalent in Natugrain TS control (0) and 200 g/ton. In the control treatment, there was a prevalence of Desulfoyibrio, Oscillospira, Campylobacter, Anearoctruncus, Mogibacterium and Brachyspirae, etc., while in the 200 g/ton treatment there was a prevalence of Synergistales, Burkolderiales, Dehabacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Lactobacillus and Bacilli, etc. Natugrain TS significantly decreased mortality (4.8, 3.6, 2.7, 1.9 and 2.1 %, P < 0.05, respectively), significantly decreased specifically HBS mortality (3.50, 1.98, 0.68, 0.40 and 0.46%, P < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, Natugrain TS changed the microbiome by breaking down arabinoxylans, decreasing intestinal E. coli and intestinal lesion score, changing the microbiota to prevalent Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Lactobacillus and Bacilli, and Natugrain TS up to 200 g/ton specifically decreasing hemorrhagic bowel syndrome mortality from 3.5% to 0.5%.

scholarly journals PSVII-1 The effect of supplementing pigs with the BASF annual industry vitamin supplementation on performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 215-216
Author(s):  
Michael Coelho ◽  
Robert Jones ◽  
Frank Parks
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract There is a continued industry focus to decrease FCR (Pierozan, 2016), which means less feed per kg body tissue, and therefore vitamins need to be further concentrated in less and less feed to reach the same vitamin supplementation per kg of body tissue. A study was conducted to determine the response of pigs to different levels of vitamin supplementation based on the 2018 BASF Industry vitamin supplementation survey. Pigs were stressed to simulate commercial stress conditions. A total of 240 (PIC 337 x Camborough) pigs were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (4 pigs/pen x 5 treatments x 12 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight and fed corn/soy diets pelleted at 80C and formulated to meet or exceed current NRC (2012) recommendations. The stress imposed to simulate commercial conditions consisted of dirty floors, 1.65 m2/pig, on 7th day of trial, pigs were dosed with 1,000,000 E. Coli bacteria and 200,000 Salmonella bacteria. Treatments were NRC, low 25%, AVG, high 25% and high 5% vitamin supplementation. At finishing, vitamin supplementation increased ADG up to high 5% vitamin supplementation (750, 795, 831, 852, and 871 g, P < 0.05, respectively), improved FCR up to Hi 5% (3.21, 3.05, 2.91, 2.82 and 2.71, P < 0.05, respectively). Vitamin supplementation decreased finishing mortality up to high 5% vitamin supplementation (9.02, 7.43, 6.15, 4.81 and 4.02%, P < 0.05, respectively), improved lean cuts up to Hi 25% (57.5, 59.1, 60.5, 61.3 and 62.1, P < 0.05, respectively). The profit in $/kg pig and return on extra vitamin supplementation was from low 25 to AVG $0.1381/kg and 39x, respectively, from AVG to Hi25% was $0.0771/kg and 13X, and from Hi 25% to Hi 5% was $0.1259/kg and 38X.

scholarly journals 158 Effect of fumonisin-contaminated corn on growth performance of 9- to 28-kg nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xing Rao ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
R Program ◽  
Blocking Factor ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Factor Data ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 350 pigs (241×600; DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 8.9 kg) were used in a 28-d study to determine the effect of fumonisin-contaminated corn on growth performance of nursery pigs. Dietary treatments consisted of fumonisin-contaminated corn blended with low fumonisin corn to provide analyzed toxin (FB1 + FB2) levels in the final diet of 7.2, 14.7, 21.9, 32.7, and 35.1 ppm. There were 5 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment. Pens were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial weight as the blocking factor. Data were analyzed using lme package in R program with pen as the experimental unit. From d 0 to 28, increasing fumonisin decreased (linear, P&lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, G:F, and final BW. Although responses tested linear, the greatest reduction in ADG and G:F was observed in pigs fed 32.7 and 35.1 ppm of fumonisin. Increasing fumonisin increased serum sphinganine to sphingosine (Sa:So) ratios (linear, P&lt; 0.001) on day 14 and 28. Serum Sa:So ratio appears to be a useful biomarker indicating fumonisin intoxication. These results suggest that for 9- to 28-kg nursery pigs, diets containing 32 ppm of fumonisin or greater decreased growth performance and increased serum Sa:So ratio. Further research is warranted to determine the effects of fumonisin concentrations between 22 and 32 ppm.

scholarly journals PSIV-20 A 6-phytase, Natuphos® E, target dosing energy release compared with fat in corn, soy diets fed to pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
Michael Coelho ◽  
Robert Jones ◽  
Frank Parks
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Pig Performance

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the metabolizable energy (ME)-releasing efficacy of a 6-phytase, Natuphos E, on pig performance compared with fat. A total of 1750 weaned, (PIC 337 x Camborough) pigs were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (25 pig/rep x 7 treatments x 10 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight. Treatments consisted of PC, NC1=PC- 0.17% Ca, - 0.15% aP, -80 Kcal/kg, NC2=PC- 0.17% Ca, - 0.15% aP, -100 Kcal/kg, NC3=PC- 0.17% Ca, - 0.15% aP, -120 Kcal/kg, NC1 + 1000, NC2 + 1750 and NC3 + 2500 FTU/kg. Pigs were fed mash corn/soy diets formulated to meet or exceed current NRC (2012) recommendations. Least significant difference was used to compare means of treatments. In phase 3, ADG was 655, 650, 642, 632, 697, 911 and 724 g, P < 0.05, respectively. FI was 968, 1000, 1004, 1010, 1028, 1023 and 1052,P < 0.05, respectively. FCR was 1.48, 1.54, 1.56, 1.60, 1.47, 1.44 and 1.45, P < 0.05, respectively. NC1, NC2 and NC3 decreased (P < 0.05) ADG and increased (P < 0.05) FCR compared to PC. NC1 + 1000, NC2 + 1750 and NC3 + 2500 FTU/kg Natuphos E, increased (P < 0.05) ADG, and decreased (P < 0.05) FCR compared to PC. ADG, FI and FCR of NC1 + 1000, NC2 + 1750 and NC3 + 2500 had a better performance (P < 0.05) than NC1, NC2 and NC3, respectively. In conclusion, 1000, 1750 and 2500 FTU/kg phytase, Natuphos E, met or exceeded (P < 0.05) the performance of 80, 100 and 120 Kcal/kg. 2500 FTU/kg Natuphos E phytase could compensate, performance wise, the reduction of 0.17% Ca, 0.15% aP and 120 Kcal/kg ME in the diet.

scholarly journals PSVI-20 Evaluating the productive energy content of high-protein distillers dried grains in swine diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 211-212
Author(s):  
Henrique S Cemin ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Caloric Efficiency ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Pig Performance

Abstract A total of 300 pigs (DNA 400×200; initially 11.1 kg) were used in a 21-d trial to determine the effects of increasing levels of high-protein distillers dried grains (HP DDG) on pig performance and to estimate the productive energy of HP DDG. Pens with 5 pigs each were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with 12 replicates per treatment. Treatments included diets with 0, 10, 20, 30, or 40% HP DDG formulated by changing corn and feed-grade amino acid levels. Caloric efficiency was obtained by multiplying ADFI by dietary net energy (NE) and dividing by ADG. The NE of HP DDG was estimated at 1,914 kcal/kg by using Noblet et al. (1994) equation and NRC (2012) values were used for corn. Productive energy was estimated based the average caloric efficiency of the HP DDG diets relative to the diet without HP DDG. Data were analyzed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit and block as random effect. Pigs fed diets with increasing HP DDG had a linear decrease (P < 0.01) in ADG and ADFI and a tendency (P = 0.051) for a quadratic response in G:F. There was a linear improvement (P < 0.01) in caloric efficiency with increasing HP DDG (3,876, 3,753, 3,676, 3,520, and 3,300 kcal/kg, respectively). The productive energy of HP DDG was estimated as 2,686 kcal/kg or 97.3% of corn NE. In summary, high levels of HP DDG negatively impacted growth performance. The equation used to estimate NE of HP DDG resulted in underestimated values. The productive energy of HP DDG is approximately 97% of corn NE.

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