Non-Survival Distributions in Paediatric Burn Patients; A Comparative Study of Two National Databases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall Wermine ◽  
Sunny Gotewal ◽  
Marc A Schober ◽  
Robert E Africa ◽  
Taylor Hallman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Research Network ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
American Children

Abstract A contemporary, age-specific model for the distribution of burn mortality in children has not been developed for over a decade. Using data from TriNetX, a global federated health research network, and the American Burn Association’s Nation Burn Repository (NBR), we investigated non-survival distributions for paediatric burns in the United States. Paediatric burn patients ages 0-20 between 2010-2020 were identified in TriNetX from 41 Health Care Organizations using ICD-10 codes (T.20-T.30) and identified as lived/died. These were compared to the non-survival data from 90 certified burn centers in NBR database between 2016-2018. The patient population was stratified by age into subgroups of 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-20 years. Overall, mortality rates for paediatric burn patients were found to be .62% in NBR and .52% in TrinetX. Boys had a higher incidence of mortality than girls in both databases (0.34% vs. 0.28% NBR, p = 0.13; 0.31% vs. 0.21% TriNetX, p = <0.001). Comparison of ethnic cohorts between 2010-2015 and 2016-2020 subgroups showed that non-survival rates of African American children increased relative to White children (TriNetX, p = <0.001), however, evidence was insufficient to conclude that African American children die more frequently than other ethnicities (NBR, p=0.054). When analyzing subgroups in TriNetX, burned children ages 5-9 had significantly increased frequency of non-survival, (p = <0.001). However, NBR data suggested that children 0-4 experience the highest frequency of mortality (p = <0.001). The non-survival distributions between these two large databases accurately reflects non-survival rates in burned children.

597 Non-Survival Distributions in Paediatric Burn Patients; A Comparative Study of Two National Databases

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S150-S150
Author(s):  
Kendall Wermine ◽  
Sunny Gotewal ◽  
Marc Schober ◽  
Robert Africa ◽  
Taylor Hallman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Network ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
American Children

Abstract Introduction A contemporary, age-specific model for the distribution of burn mortality in children has not been developed for over a decade. Using data from both TriNetX, a global federated health research network, and the American Burn Association’s Nation Burn Repository (NBR), we investigated non-survival distributions for paediatric burns in the United States. Methods Paediatric burn patients ages 0–20 between 2010–2020 were identified in TriNetX from 41 Health Care Organisations (HCOs) using ICD-10 codes (T.20-T.30) and identified as lived/died. These were compared to the non-survival data from 90 certified burn centers in NBR database between 2016–2018. The patient population was stratified by age into subgroups of 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–20 years. Descriptive statistics were generated and statistical analysed by chi-square; p < .05 was considered significant. Results 81,507 and 21,442 unique paediatric burn patients were identified in the TriNetX and NBR databases, respectively. Overall non-survival rates were 0.62% and 0.52%, respectively. Boys had a higher incidence of mortality than girls in both databases (0.34% vs. 0.28% NBR, p = 0.13 and 0.31% vs. 0.21% TriNetX, p = < 0.001). When comparing age subgroups in TriNetX, burned children ages 5–9 had significantly increased frequency of non-survival, constituting 65% of all deaths (p = < 0.001). However, NBR data suggested that children 0–4 experience the highest frequency of mortality (p = < 0.001). Comparison of ethnic cohorts between 2010–2015 and 2016–2020 subgroups showed that non-survival rates of African-American children increased relative to white children (TriNetX, p = < 0.001), however evidence was insufficient to conclude that African-American children die more frequently than other ethnicities (NBR, p = 0.054). Conclusions Large sample size databases such as TriNetX and NBR afford sufficient statistical power to reflect relative non-survival rates in burned children. TriNetX also captures a unique demographic of burn patients not treated at ABA certified centers reporting to NBR, informing inferences on results. However, differences in reporting time periods must also be considered. Furthermore, potential ethnic disparities in paediatric non-survival outcomes were identified, meriting further investigation.

scholarly journals The Persistence of Oral Health Disparities for African American Children: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Como ◽  
Leah Stein Duker ◽  
José Polido ◽  
Sharon Cermak
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
African American ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
African American Children ◽  
American Children ◽  
The Impact

Oral health is an important yet often neglected component of overall health, linked to heart disease, stroke, and diabetic complications. Disparities exist for many groups, including racial and ethnic minorities such as African Americans. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential factors that perpetuate oral health care disparities in African American children in the United States. A systematic search of three literature databases produced 795 articles; 23 articles were included in the final review. Articles were analyzed using a template coding approach based on the social ecological model. The review identified structural, sociocultural, and familial factors that impact the ability of African Americans to utilize oral care services, highlighting the importance of the parent/caregiver role and the patient–provider relationship; policy-level processes that impact access to quality care; the value of autonomy in treatment and prevention options; and the impact of sociocultural factors on food choices (e.g., food deserts, gestures of affection). In conclusion, oral health care remains an underutilized service by African American children, despite increasing access to oral care secondary to improvements in insurance coverage and community-based programs.

Predominantly Black Institutions and Public Montessori Schools: Reclaiming the “Genius” in African American Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamilah R. Jor’dan
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
The United States ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Montessori Education ◽  
Montessori Schools ◽  
Black Institutions ◽  
American Children

AbstractThere are more than 22,000 Montessori schools in over 100 countries worldwide. Beginning in the 1950s the American Montessori movement was primarily a private pre-school movement. There are more than 5,000 schools in the United States; over 500 of these are public. Montessori schools are an increasingly popular choice in the U.S. for public school districts looking to improve their educational outcomes. Predominantly Black Institutions (PBIs) can play a pivotal role by integrating Montessori education within their teacher preparation programs. As the demand for Montessori education increases there will be a need for more highly-qualified, culturally and linguistically diverse teachers who have the appropriate credentials and can implement the Montessori approach. Scientific research confirms that children who attend Montessori schools are advantaged academically, socially and emotionally. Communities such as Milwaukee and Chicago are now implementing Montessori education through public schools as part of school reform efforts making the educational approach more accessible to African American children.

scholarly journals White Bias in 3–7-Year-Old Children across Cultures

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 344-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bentley Gibson ◽  
Erin Robbins ◽  
Philippe Rochat
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
European American ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Report Data ◽  
American Children ◽  
Racially Mixed

In three studies we report data confirming and extending the finding of a tendency toward a White preference bias by young children of various ethnic backgrounds. European American preschoolers who identify with a White doll also prefer it to a Black doll. In contrast, same age African American children who identify with a Black doll do not show a significant preference for it over a White doll. These results are comparable in African American children attending either a racially mixed (heterogeneous), or an Afro-centric, all African American (homogenous) preschool. These results show the persistence of an observation that contributed to school de-segregation in the United States. Results also reveal a lack of congruence between skin color identity and preference is not limited to African Americans. There is a comparable, if not stronger White preference bias in five to seven-year-old Polynesian and Melanesian children tested in their native island nations. Using a modified procedure controlling for binary forced choice biases, we confirm these findings with second generation American children of Indian descent showing clear signs of a White (lighter skin preference) bias. These results are consistent with the idea that during the preschool years children are sensitive and attracted to signs of higher social status that, for historical reasons and across cultures, tends to be associated with lighter skin color.

How Much Might Mass Imprisonment Affect Childhood Inequality?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Wakefield ◽  
Christopher Wildeman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
The United States ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Child Wellbeing ◽  
Paternal Incarceration ◽  
Mass Imprisonment ◽  
American Children ◽  
Made In

This chapter first briefly introduces readers of some arguments made in an earlier work, Children of the Prison Boom (2013). This book made three core arguments, the first of which was that 25 per cent of recent birth cohorts of African-American children could expect to experience the imprisonment of a father. In addition, the book outlined a host of theoretical mechanisms through which paternal incarceration could affect child wellbeing. Finally, Children of the Prison Boom generates estimates of how mass imprisonment might have affected Black-White inequality in childhood wellbeing in the United States. The chapter then broadens these arguments beyond the narrow confines of the United States and the Black-White dichotomy.

African-American, Anglo-American, and Anglo-Canadian Grade 4 Children's Concepts of Old People and of Extended Family

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana T. Slaughter-Defoe ◽  
Valerie Shahariw Kuehne ◽  
Jane K. Straker
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Old People ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Children

A cross-national study of 104 fourth grade children's concepts of old people and extended family was conducted in Canada and the United States, using the Children's Attitudes Toward the Elderly Scale (CATE), and a modified version of the Gilby and Pederson (1982) Family Concept Interview. Both Anglo-American and African-American children were included in the U.S. sample. Results indicated that Anglo-American and Anglo-Canadian children were significantly more similar in their attitudes toward the elderly and their concepts of family than African-American and Anglo-American children. In comparison with the other two cultural groups, Anglo-American children were significantly more likely to include extended family members in their concept of who is family; Anglo-Canadian children had a significantly higher level of age discrimination ability; and African-American children showed a trend toward more positive attitudes toward older people. Overall findings of negative attitudes toward old people were consistent with earlier studies. The implications of children's ageist attitudes for increasingly aging Western societies are noted, particularly given impoverished children's potential need for extrafamilial social supports.

Recruiting African American Children for Research: An Ecological Systems Theory Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1489-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Graves ◽  
Jane P. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Ecological Systems Theory ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
American Children

With health disparities still pervasive and persistent in the United States, medical researchers and social scientists continue to develop recruitment strategies to increase the inclusion of racial/ethnic minority groups in research and interventions. Effective methods for recruiting samples of African American participants for pediatric research may be best understood when situated within an overarching conceptual model—one that serves to organize and explain effective recruitment strategies. A theoretical framework well suited for this purpose is Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, which views individuals as influencing and being influenced by (both directly and indirectly) a series of interconnected social systems. Based on the ecological systems theory and on previous research from multiple domains (e.g., medicine, psychology, public health, social work), in the current article, we review strategies for effective recruitment of African American children and adolescents for research.

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