Cross-resistance and Fitness Cost Analysis of Resistance to Thiamethoxam in Melon and Cotton Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1946-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Zhang ◽  
Anqi Chen ◽  
Tisheng Shan ◽  
Wenyang Dong ◽  
Xueyan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
The Cross

Abstract The melon/cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a notorious pest in many crops. The neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam is widely used for A. gossypii control. To evaluate thiamethoxam resistance risk, a melon/cotton aphid strain with an extremely high level of resistance to thiamethoxam (>2,325.6-fold) was established after selection with thiamethoxam for 24 generations. Additionally, the cross-resistance pattern to other neonicotinoids and fitness were analyzed. The cross-resistance results showed the thiamethoxam-resistant strain had extremely high levels of cross-resistance against clothianidin (>311.7-fold) and nitenpyram (299.9-fold), high levels of cross-resistance against dinotefuran (142.3-fold) and acetamiprid (76.6-fold), and low cross-resistance against imidacloprid (9.3-fold). Compared with the life table of susceptible strain, the thiamethoxam-resistant strain had a relative fitness of 0.950, with significant decreases in oviposition days and fecundity and prolonged developmental duration. The molecular mechanism for fitness costs was studied by comparing the mRNA expression levels of juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT), juvenile hormone-binding protein (JHBP), juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), ecdysone receptor (EcR), ultraspiracle protein (USP), and Vitellogenin (Vg) in the susceptible and thiamethoxam-resistant strains. Significant overexpression of JHEH and JHBP and downregulation of EcR and Vg expression were found in the thiamethoxam-resistant strain. These results indicate that A. gossypii has the potential to develop extremely high resistance to thiamethoxam after continuous exposure, with a considerable fitness cost and cross-resistance to other neonicotinoids.

scholarly journals The cross-resistance patterns and biochemical characteristics of an imidacloprid-resistant strain of the cotton aphid

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokun Chen ◽  
Xugen Shi ◽  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Kaiyun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
The Cross

scholarly journals Relative fitness of avermectin-resistant strain of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Chen ◽  
Yan-Xuan Zhang ◽  
Yu-Ping Zhang ◽  
Hui Wei ◽  
Jian-Zhen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean

The predacious mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) is an effective natural enemy of pest insects and mites. To identify the relative fitness of the avermectin-resistant strain of N. cucumeris, the life history parameters of avermectin resistant (R) and susceptible (S) strains of N. cucumeris were observed under experimental conditions (25 ± 1°C, 90 ± 5% RH and L: D = 14:10 h) feeding upon Tetranychus truncatus (Ehara). Fertility, net reproductive rates (R0 /female), intrinsic rates of increase (r/day) and development durations of the two strains were compared. The abamectin resistant strain of N. cucumeris had significantly shorter developmental duration and longevity than the sensitive stain. However, the mean fecundity of the resistant strain was significantly higher than that of the susceptible strain. The net reproductive rate (R0=30.3833 offspring), the intrinsic rate of increase (r=0.2231 d-1) and the finite rate of increase (λ=1.2499 d-1) of the resistant strain were only slightly higher than those of the susceptible strain (R0=29.5333 offspring, r=0.2130 d-1, λ=1.2373 d-1); the differences were not significant. However, the mean generation time (T=15.1768 d) of the resistant strain was significantly shorter than that of the susceptible strain (T=16.0314 d).

Cross-resistance pattern and basis of resistance in a thiamethoxam-resistant strain of Aphis gossypii Glover

2017 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Wei ◽  
Yiou Pan ◽  
Xuecheng Xin ◽  
Chao Zheng ◽  
Xiwu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover

Epoxidation of juvenile hormone was a key innovation improving insect reproductive fitness

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (45) ◽  
pp. e2109381118
Author(s):  
Marcela Nouzova ◽  
Marten J. Edwards ◽  
Veronika Michalkova ◽  
Cesar E. Ramirez ◽  
Marnie Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Methyl Farnesoate ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Key Innovation

Methyl farnesoate (MF) plays hormonal regulatory roles in crustaceans. An epoxidated form of MF, known as juvenile hormone (JH), controls metamorphosis and stimulates reproduction in insects. To address the evolutionary significance of MF epoxidation, we generated mosquitoes completely lacking either of the two enzymes that catalyze the last steps of MF/JH biosynthesis and epoxidation, respectively: the JH acid methyltransferase (JHAMT) and the P450 epoxidase CYP15 (EPOX). jhamt−/− larvae lacking both MF and JH died at the onset of metamorphosis. Strikingly, epox−/− mutants, which synthesized MF but no JH, completed the entire life cycle. While epox−/− adults were fertile, the reproductive performance of both sexes was dramatically reduced. Our results suggest that although MF can substitute for the absence of JH in mosquitoes, it is with a significant fitness cost. We propose that MF can fulfill most roles of JH, but its epoxidation to JH was a key innovation providing insects with a reproductive advantage.

Efficacy of some pyrethroids against a strain of the rabbit ear mite ( Psoroptes cuniculi  ): an unusual cross-resistance pattern

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Pap ◽  
Péter Sárközy ◽  
Róbert Farkas ◽  
Edit Bleicher ◽  
András Szegö
Keyword(s):  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Psoroptes Cuniculi ◽  
Rabbit Ear

scholarly journals Fitness Effects of Replichore Imbalance in Salmonella enterica

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (22) ◽  
pp. 6086-6088 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. David Matthews ◽  
Stanley Maloy
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT A fitness cost due to imbalanced replichores has been proposed to provoke chromosome rearrangements in Salmonella enterica serovars. To determine the impact of replichore imbalance on fitness, the relative fitness of isogenic Salmonella strains containing transposon-held duplications of various sizes and at various chromosomal locations was determined. Although duplication of certain genes influenced fitness, a replichore imbalance of up to 16° did not affect fitness.

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