Subterranean Termite (Coptotermes gestroi (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)) Colony Elimination Through Exposure to a Novaluron CSI Bait Formulation in Laboratory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Chouvenc
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi ◽  
Alternative Food Sources

Abstract The development of baits for subterranean termite control over the past 25 yr has provided cost-effective alternatives to liquid termiticide treatments. Current bait products use one of the few available benzoylurea chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) labeled for subterranean termites. These insecticides are used because of their nonrepellency, their slow-acting mode of action, and their dose-independent lethal time. Although many studies have provided ample evidence of the efficacy of CSI baits for subterranean termite colony elimination, most have focused on hexaflumuron and noviflumuron. However, bait products using alternative CSIs have not received the same level of scrutiny, limiting the amount of evidence proving their efficacy. One such compound is novaluron, the active ingredient currently used in the Trelona ATBS—Advance Termite Baiting System bait product. The current study independently tested the efficacy of this commercially available bait formulation against whole colonies of Coptotermes gestroi (Wamann) (~63,910 workers) in the laboratory, using an extended experimental setup to simulate a 15-m foraging distance from the central part of the nest to the bait, while having access to alternative food sources. Treated colonies progressively ceased to feed on wood items within 45 d after being provided access to the novaluron bait formulation, with a subsequent progressive collapse of the population, leading to colony elimination by 91 d. This study therefore confirms the efficacy of novaluron baits against subterranean termites, and currently remains one of the few CSIs that can be applied for the successful control of Coptotermes infestations.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF Eucalyptus spp. FOR THE CONTROL OF THE SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE Coptotermes gestroi (WASMAN)1

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita Vieira Zampieri Mikola ◽  
Marcos Roberto Potenza ◽  
Fabricio Caldeira Reis ◽  
Vanessa Coelho da Silva ◽  
Mario Eidi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi

ABSTRACT The subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi (Wasman) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) is considered one of the main pest species in urban areas in the Southeast Region of Brazil. For the control of this pest, the use of chemical insecticides is recommended, but this method is problematic in urban areas because of the risks of intoxication in the population and environmental contamination along with difficulties in isolating the treated areas. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative methods aimed at minimizing the undesirable effects on the human population and the environment caused by termite control measures. The objective of this research was to evaluate the toxicity of several essential oils of Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora, E. tereticornis, E. pseudoglobulus, and E. maidenii) to the termite C. gestroi, under laboratory conditions. The oils were applied on filter papers that were infested with C. gestroi immediately after the treatment. The most toxic oil to the termite was E. citriodora, with the lowest lethal concentration (LC50: 0.63%) and the shortest lethal time (LT50: <1 h at 10%, LT50: 42.4 h at 1.25%). The least toxic oil was E. pseudoglobulus, with the highest lethal concentration (LC50: 3.66%) and the longest lethal time (LT50: 11.1 h at 10%; LT50: 473 h at 1.25%). These results indicate the potential for use of eucalyptus essential oils, especially for E. citriodora, for the control of C. gestroi. This article also provides information on the yield from essential oil extraction for different eucalyptus species.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Minimum Application of Chlorfluazuron Baiting to Control Urban Subterranean Termite Populations of Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Wan Ahmad Syahir Wan Umar ◽  
Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi

Termite infestations in urban areas are a serious problem because they cause negative economic effects, reduce the esthetic value of buildings, damage crops, and require household repairs. Chemical controls are the most common method used against subterranean termites, and baiting has emerged as one of the prominent control methods. The goal of this research was to determine the efficacy of termite baiting by treating one of six active termite stations (selective baiting) with chlorfluazuron baits to eradicate six populations of subterranean termites. This work shows that the placement of chlorfluazuron baits in one of the active stations was sufficient to destroy a colony that was interconnected with multiple chlorfluazuron-free stations. In general, it requires an average of 4–8 weeks for a quantity of less than 300 g of chlorfluazuron bait to remove a termite infestation at the study site.

scholarly journals Coptotermes formosanusandCoptotermes gestroi(Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) Exhibit Quantitatively Different Tunneling Patterns

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmala K. Hapukotuwa ◽  
J. Kenneth Grace
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dispersion ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Tunneling Behavior ◽  
Made In

Tunneling behavior and the spatial dispersion of tunnels constructed by the subterranean termitesCoptotermes formosanusShiraki andCoptotermes gestroi(Wasmann) (formerly known asC. vastatorLight) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) were examined in foraging arenas. The results indicated that these two termite species construct quantitatively different tunnel systems, supporting visual observations made in earlier studies.Coptotermes gestroiconstructed thin, highly branched tunnels, whileC. formosanustended to construct wider and less branched tunnels. Tunnels ofC. gestroishowed more spatial dispersion than those ofC. formosanus, and this species constructed a larger number of tunnels compared toC. formosanus. The presence or absence of food (wood) within the arena did not influence the tunneling pattern of either species. Although previous observations have suggested that these two termite species exhibit different tunneling behaviors; this is the first quantification of the differences. Comparative studies of the foraging behavior of subterranean termite species contribute to our understanding of their distribution and ecology and may help to improve pest management programs, particularly those based on placement of toxic baits. Moreover, differences in tunneling patterns may reflect different foraging strategies optimized for either tropical (C. gestroi) or subtropical/temperate (C. formosanus) environments.

scholarly journals Temperature-Mediated Variations in Behavior and Mortality Caused by Non-Repellent Insecticides in Subterranean Termites (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Franklin Quarcoo ◽  
Xing Hu ◽  
Arthur Appel
Keyword(s):  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus Shiraki ◽  
Lethal Time

Behavioral symptoms and mortality associated with intoxication with insecticides fipronil and indoxacarb were determined in field-collected eastern subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), and Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Behaviors and mortality were evaluated at three temperatures (16, 22, and 28 °C) and three concentrations of fipronil (0.5, 1, and 5 ppm) and indoxacarb (50, 75, and 100 ppm). LT50 (median lethal time to kill 50% of the termites) values declined with increasing concentrations and temperatures for both fipronil-exposed eastern and Formosan subterranean termites, whereas these values were not always the highest at 16 °C for indoxacarb-treated termites. The greatest change (reduction) in LT50 values occurred for both species between 16 and 22 °C at the lowest concentration of each insecticide. Intoxication and moribundity were the most frequently observed behaviors for fipronil-exposed termites, whereas intoxication, ataxia, and moribundity were observed for most concentration and temperature combinations for indoxacarb-exposed termites. The inherent toxicity of fipronil was higher than that of indoxacarb. The higher presence and duration of intoxication behaviors may positively affect the performance of indoxacarb against subterranean termite colonies.

Foraging in subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): how do Heterotermes tenuis and Coptotermes gestroi behave when they locate equivalent food resources?

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Lima ◽  
A.M. Costa-Leonardo
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Wood Block ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi

AbstractA previous research suggests that when subterranean termites locate equivalent food they consume the initial food resource. However, little is known about the movement of foragers among these food sources. For this reason, this study analyzed the feeding behavior of Heterotermes tenuis and Coptotermes gestroi in the presence of equivalent foods. The experimental arenas were composed of a release chamber connected to food chambers. The consumption of each wood block and percentage of the foraging individuals recruited for the food chambers were observed in relation to the total survival rate. The results showed that in the multiple-choice tests, wood block consumptions and the recruitment of individuals did not differ between replicates of each termite species. However, in different tests of tenacity, the chambers with the first food presented higher feeding rates by both H. tenuis and C. gestroi and resulted in a higher recruitment of workers and soldiers. In these conditions, it may be concluded that foragers of either species do not concentrate their efforts on the consumption of only one food resource when they are able to reach multiple cellulosic sources simultaneously. Additionally, the data concerning tenacity tests suggest that there is a chronologic priority of consumption in relation to the discovery of available food sources. Knowledge about the foraging biology of subterranean termites is important for future studies of their feeding behavior, and it is indispensable for improving control strategies.

scholarly journals Color change and termite resistance of fast-growing tropical woods treated with kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) smoke

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Sudo Hadi ◽  
Muh Yusram Massijaya ◽  
Dodi Nandika ◽  
Wa Ode Muliastuty Arsyad ◽  
Imam Busyra Abdillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Schleichera Oleosa ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Wood Resistance ◽  
Tropical Woods ◽  
Anthocephalus Cadamba

Abstract Smoke treatment can be used to enhance wood resistance to subterranean termite attack. In this study, kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) wood was pyrolyzed to produce charcoal. The smoke produced as a by-product of pyrolysis was used to treat sengon (Falcataria moluccana), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), mangium (Acacia mangium), and pine (Pinus merkusii) wood samples for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Following the smoke treatment, the wood specimens were exposed to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) according to the Indonesian standard 7207-2014 in a laboratory. The color change caused by smoke treatment was observed, and chemical analysis of smoke was also done. The results showed that chemical compounds of kesambi smoke predominantly consisted of acetic acid, phenol, ketones, amines, and benzene. The color of smoked wood became darker, less yellow, and a little redder, while a longer smoking period produced a darker color which was more resistant to termite attack. Smoke treatment enhanced the resistance of wood to subterranean termite attack, and the resistance levels were not significantly different based on the duration of the smoke treatment.

scholarly journals Replacing Red Meat with Alternative Food Sources of Protein on Risk of Type 2 Diabetes - Modeling Dietary Changes in a Causal Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1418-1418
Author(s):  
Daniel Ibsen ◽  
Marianne Jakobsen ◽  
Jytte Halkjær ◽  
Erik Parner ◽  
Kim Overvad
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Alternative Food Sources

Abstract Objectives We investigated whether decreasing the intake of red meat and simultaneously increasing the intake of alternative food sources of protein affects the risk of type 2 diabetes compared with no changes in the substituted foods. We also examined interaction with the age at which participants changed their diet. Methods We used the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort including men and women, two measures of diet taken roughly 5 years apart using food frequency questionnaires and information on incident type 2 diabetes derived from the Danish National Diabetes Register (n = 39,349; aged 55 to 72 years at the second diet measure; n cases = 3759). The pseudo-observation method was used to estimate the average exposure effect of decreasing the intake of red meat (processed and unprocessed) while increasing the intake of either poultry, fish, cheese, eggs or whole grains compared with no changes in the substituted foods on the subsequent 10-year risk of development type 2 diabetes. Results In multivariable adjusted models, we found that replacing 1 serving/day (100 g) of red meat with 1 serving/day of eggs (50 g) (risk difference −2.4%, 95% confidence interval −3.7 to −1.1%) or whole grains (30 g) (−1.4%, −2.2 to −0.6%) was associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. No effects were observed for other replacements. In general, the lowest risk was observed for replacements at age 55 years compared with older ages (up to 70 years) for all replacements. Conclusions Replacing red meat with eggs or whole grains may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes compared with no changes in the substituted foods. Changing red meat intake in midlife may be more beneficial than at older ages. Funding Sources Aarhus University.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document