Methanol extract from kesambi (Schleichera oleosa (L.) oken) stem bark as a natural antioxidant to increase crude palm oil (CPO) quality

The content of active compounds in methanol extract of kesambi stem bark (Scheleicera oleosa) is known to have good antioxidant activity. Methanol extract of kesambi stem bark contain flavonoid and fenolic compounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methanol extract of kesambi in inhibiting the oxidation of crude palm oil (CPO). In this study, the extraction of kesambi stem bark was carried out with methanol solvent. Antioxidant activity test of methanol extract of kesambi using the DPPH method. The parameters observed were free fatty acids (FFA) values, acids value, and DOBI (Deterioration of Bleachability Index). The used concentration of natural antioxidant were 200; 400; 600; 800 and 1000 ppm. Based on the results of this study, the natural antioxidant of methanol extract of Kesambi stem bark (Schleichera oleosa) can reduce levels of free fatty acid numbers, acid value, and DOBI value. Actioxidant activity methanol extract of kesambi stem bark shown IC50 42.092 ppm. The lowest FFA levels and acid numbers were obtained from samples with addition of 1000 ppm natural antioxidants with free fatty acid (4.1%), acid value (7.7 mg KOH/g) while the DOBI value increased to 1.331. Furthermore, FFA value meets the CPO quality standard, according to SNI-01-2901-2006.

Functionalization of Multiwall Carbon Nano-Tube Supported Zinc Oxide Solid Acid Catalyst Using Sulfonate Compound for Transesterification of Schleichera Oleosa L Oil

Biodiesel is an alternative energy obtained through the trasesterification of vegetable oil in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst plays a very important role in the success of the transesterification process. One way to increase the activity of the catalyst is through chemical modification called functionalization, which generally using SO3 group as a sulfonating agent is known as the sulfonation process. However, the disadvantage of this process is that it uses strong acids which are corrosive, require high temperatures and are not environmentally friendly. This study aims to increase the activity of zinc oxide catalyst supported by multi-wall carbon nano tube (Z/MWCNTs) sulfonated using (NH4)2SO4 as sulfonating agent. The synthesis route includes co-precipitation, sulfonation and precipitation time. The effect of concentration of ammonium sulfate, co-precipitation time, and sulfonating time on yield of biodiesels of kesambi (Schleichera oleosa L) oil (OSOBD) was investigated. The result showed that the activity functionalized Z/MWCNTS catalyst (Z/s-MWCCNTs) could enhance significantly. The results of the catalyst activity test on transesterification of OSO into biodiesel showed that Z/s-MWCNTs gave a high yield of 91% for the functionalized catalyst using ammonium sulfate with a concentration of 35%, co-precipitation time 12 hours and sulfonation time 4 hours. The functionalization of MWCNTS with the sulfonation process using ammonium sulfate has the potential to increase catalyst activity and can increase the efficiency of the transesterification process for non-edible oils, especially kesambi oil.

Effect of the abiotic factor on Schleichera oleosa chlorophyll level

Chlorophyll in Schleichera oleosa is important to observe because S.oleosa is a tree plant that is often found on the road as a green plant. This role requires sufficient chlorophyll to maximize plant function for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is supported by environmental factors. There are several environmental factors needed to maximize photosynthesis, namely altitude, humidity, ambient temperature, and light intensity. This study wanted to determine the effect of altitude, air humidity, ambient temperature, light intensity with chlorophyll content in S. oleose in several places. Altitude is measured using GPS. Measurement of air temperature and wind speed were measured using the Altimeter sights ler application version 2.0. Light intensity is measured using a lux meter. Soil moisture and soil pH were measured using a soil tester. Chlorophyll levels were measured using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 665 and 649, chlorophyll was calculated using the Wintermans and De Mots formula (1965). The results showed that chlorophyll content increased with increasing altitude. At the highest altitude of 833.6 m asl, the chlorophyll content is 53,770 with an ambient temperature of 270C which decreases at an altitude of 833.6 m asl.

Biological evaluation and isolation, characterization, of novel polyphenol derivatives from Schleichera oleosa (lour) oken, as anti-diabetic agents

Background: The exhibit, the treatment for diabetes, for the most part, involves insulin and different oral hypoglycemic drugs. In chronic treatment medications are losing viability, therefore searching of more effective and safer natural anti-diabetic agents has continued to be an important area of investigation Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Schleichera oleosa (S.oleosa) in diabetic rats and isolate and characterize the active compound from an effective extract. Method: The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were administered orally (200 and 400 mg/kg, for 28 days) to streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Hypoglycemic effects, OGTT, alteration in body weight, lipid profile, biochemical parameters, hepatic enzymes and histopathological examination were assessed. Then isolate the active constituents from effective extract using column chromatography and preliminary structure features were investigated by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC/MS. Results: The extracts treated rats showed a significant reduction in the fasting blood glucose level (FBGL), total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and stress markers (MDA, SGOT, SGPT) and significant increase in the concentrations of HDL and bodyweight when compared to the diabetic rat. And also the extract restored the altered level of antioxidant enzymes and glucose metabolizing hepatic key enzymes to close normal level. Histopathological evaluation of the pancreas revealed the regeneration of the β-cells in diabetic rats which was earlier necrosed by streptozotocin. In this study, an active constituent SMK/SO/01 isolated from effective ethanolic extract and spectral studies confirmed that it’s belonging to the polyphenolic category. Conclusion: These findings provide scientific evidence that SMK/SO/01 has to be a potential drug candidate for diabetes mellitus and its complication. Also, these results prove that S.oleosa leaves of ethanolic extract is an effective anti-diabetic activity which provides the scientific proof for the folklore medicine

Potensi Kulit Batang Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) Sebagai Pengawet Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis)

Masyarakat NTT mempunyai dua hasil pangan unggulan yaitu, ikan tongkol dan daging sapi. Dua hasil pangan unggulan tersebut pada umumnya digunakan oleh masyarakat marginal sebagai sumber gizi. Dalam pengolahan ikan tongkol masyarakat sering mengalami kesulitan dikarenakan Ikan tongkol mudah rusak atau busuk karena mengandung lemak dan kandungan air yang cukup tinggi. Berbeda dengan daging, masyarakat NTT menggunakan daun Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) dalam pengasapan daging se’i karena memberikan rasa dan aroma yang khas dan daya tahan daging menjadi lebih lama. Penelitian ini mengkaji proses pengawetan ikan tongkol dengan menggunakan Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan metode uji organoleptik. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan adalah True Experimental Design (Sugiyono, 2009). Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode DPPH. Berdasarkan data pengukuran nilai absorbansi maka dapat dianalisis pengaruh konsentrasi sampel dengan nilai absorbansi, yaitu peningkatan aktivitas sebanding dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dapat dihitung dengan persamaan y = ax + b pada kurva regresi linear. Hasil variasi konsentrasi 10, 50, dan 100 mg/L yakni (10:0.04137), (50:0.19521),(100:0.19269), (C-10:0.02653), (C-50:0.04533). Sesuai dengan parameter nilai IC50, hasil menunjukkan bahwa kulit batang Kesambi merupakan antioksidan yang sangat kuat dimana (nilai x < 50). Hasil uji organoleptik warna ikan tongkol tetap cerah dan bertahan pada hari 1 dan 2, aroma ikan bertahan pada 1 hari, dan uji rasa berahan 1-2 hari.