scholarly journals Presence–Absence Sampling Plans for Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the Midwest Region of the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Carlesso Aita ◽  
Daniela T Pezzini ◽  
Eric C Burkness ◽  
Christina D DiFonzo ◽  
Deborah L Finke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Sequential Sampling Plan ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Action Thresholds

Abstract Stink bugs represent an increasing risk to soybean production in the Midwest region of the United States. The current sampling protocol for stink bugs in this region is tailored for population density estimation and thus is more relevant to research purposes. A practical decision-making framework with more efficient sampling effort for management of herbivorous stink bugs is needed. Therefore, a binomial sequential sampling plan was developed for herbivorous stink bugs in the Midwest region. A total of 146 soybean fields were sampled across 11 states using sweep nets in 2016, 2017, and 2018. The binomial sequential sampling plans were developed using combinations of five tally thresholds at two proportion infested action thresholds to identify those that provided the best sampling outcomes. Final assessment of the operating characteristic curves for each plan indicated that a tally threshold of 3 stink bugs per 25 sweeps, and proportion infested action thresholds of 0.75 and 0.95 corresponding to the action thresholds of 5 and 10 stink bugs per 25 sweeps, provided the optimal balance between highest probability of correct decisions (≥ 99%) and lowest probability of incorrect decisions (≤ 1%). In addition, the average sample size for both plans (18 and 12 sets of 25 sweeps, respectively) was lower than that for the other proposed plans. The binomial sequential sampling plan can reduce the number of sample units required to achieve a management decision, which is important because it can potentially reduce risk/cost of management for stink bugs in soybean in this region.

scholarly journals Spatial Patterns and Sequential Sampling Plans for Estimating Densities of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1732-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela T Pezzini ◽  
Christina D DiFonzo ◽  
Deborah L Finke ◽  
Thomas E Hunt ◽  
Janet J Knodel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
North Central Region ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North

Abstract Stink bugs are an emerging threat to soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) in the North Central Region of the United States. Consequently, region-specific scouting recommendations for stink bugs are needed. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial pattern and to develop sampling plans to estimate stink bug population density in soybean fields. In 2016 and 2017, 125 fields distributed across nine states were sampled using sweep nets. Regression analyses were used to determine the effects of stink bug species [Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Euschistus spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)], life stages (nymphs and adults), and field locations (edge and interior) on spatial pattern as represented by variance–mean relationships. Results showed that stink bugs were aggregated. Sequential sampling plans were developed for each combination of species, life stage, and location and for all the data combined. Results for required sample size showed that an average of 40–42 sample units (sets of 25 sweeps) would be necessary to achieve a precision of 0.25 for stink bug densities commonly encountered across the region. However, based on the observed geographic gradient of stink bug densities, more practical sample sizes (5–10 sample units) may be sufficient in states in the southeastern part of the region, whereas impractical sample sizes (>100 sample units) may be required in the northwestern part of the region. Our findings provide research-based sampling recommendations for estimating densities of these emerging pests in soybean.

Design of Optimal Reliability Acceptance Sampling Plans for Exponential Distribution

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Ramyamol P C
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Distribution ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Acceptance Sampling ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Sequential Sampling Plan ◽  
Acceptance Sampling Plans ◽  
Reliability Sampling Plans

AbstractIn this paper, an attempt is made to derive the most efficient economic reliability sampling plans for accepting a lot containing identical units having exponentially distributed lifetime with parameter θ. We consider two types of sampling plans, namely, (a) sequential sampling plan

scholarly journals Evaluating the Performance of Sampling Plans to Detect Hypoglycin A in Ackee Fruit Shipments Imported into the United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1060-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B Whitaker ◽  
Joyce J Saltsman ◽  
George M Ware ◽  
Andrew B Slate
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Sampling Plans ◽  
Lognormal Distributions

Abstract Hypoglycin A (HGA) is a toxic amino acid that is naturally produced in unripe ackee fruit. In 1973, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) placed a worldwide import alert on ackee fruit, which banned the product from entering the United States. The FDA has considered establishing a regulatory limit for HGA and lifting the ban, which will require development of a monitoring program. The establishment of a regulatory limit for HGA requires the development of a scientifically based sampling plan to detect HGA in ackee fruit imported into the United States. Thirty-three lots of ackee fruit were sampled according to an experimental protocol in which 10 samples, i.e., ten 19 oz cans, were randomly taken from each lot and analyzed for HGA by using liquid chromatography. The total variance was partitioned into sampling and analytical variance components, which were found to be a function of the HGA concentration. Regression equations were developed to predict the total, sampling, and analytical variances as a function of HGA concentration. The observed HGA distribution among the test results for the 10 HGA samples was compared with the normal and lognormal distributions. A computer model based on the lognormal distribution was developed to predict the performance of sampling plan designs to detect HGA in ackee fruit shipments. The performance of several sampling plan designs was evaluated to demonstrate how to manipulate sample size and accept/reject limits to reduce misclassification of ackee fruit lots.

scholarly journals Within-plant distribution and binomial sequential sampling plan for Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) in greenhouse tomato: implications for management.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis Ndeda Ochilo ◽  
Gideon Nyamasyo ◽  
John Agano
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Tetranychus Evansi ◽  
Sequential Sampling Plan ◽  
Red Spider Mite ◽  
Mite Density ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract The red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi is a critical pest of tomato in the tropics. Control of T. evansi has traditionally depended on acaricide treatments. However, it is only in a handful of crops where monitoring techniques for mites, using statistical methods, have been developed to help farmers decide when to spray. The objective of this study, therefore, was to develop a sampling plan that would help farmers increase accuracy, and reduce the labor and time needed to monitor T. evansi on tomato. The distribution of T. evansi within-plant was aggregated, and intermediate leaves (YFL) was the most appropriate sampling unit to evaluate the mite density. Analysis based on Taylor's Power Law showed an aggregated pattern of distribution of T. evansi, while assessment of the fitness of the binomial model indicated that a tally threshold of 5 mites per YFL provided the best fit. Consequently, binomial sequential sampling plans premised on three action thresholds (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) were developed. The binomial sequential sampling plan for T. evansi developed in this study has the potential to significantly increase the chance for targeted acaricide applications. This judicious use of pesticides is especially crucial within the context of integrated pest management (IPM).

scholarly journals Association of a Novel DNA Virus with the Grapevine Vein-Clearing and Vine Decline Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 1081-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Kashmir Singh ◽  
Ravneet Kaur ◽  
Wenping Qiu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
Midwest Region

A severe vein-clearing and vine decline syndrome has emerged on grapevines (Vitis vinifera) and hybrid grape cultivars in the Midwest region of the United States. The typical symptoms are translucent vein-clearing on young leaves, short internodes and decline of vine vigor. Known viral pathogens of grapevines were not closely associated with the syndrome. To obtain a comprehensive profile of viruses in a diseased grapevine, small RNAs were enriched and two cDNA libraries were constructed from a symptomatic grapevine and a symptomless grapevine, respectively. Deep sequencing of the two cDNA libraries showed that the most abundant viral small RNAs align with the genomes of viruses in the genus Badnavirus, the family Caulimoviridae. Amplification of the viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction allowed the assembly of the whole genome sequence of a grapevine DNA virus, which shared the highest homology with the Badnavirus sequences. This is the first report of a DNA virus in grapevines. The new DNA virus is closely associated with the vein-clearing symptom, and thus has been given a provisional name Grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV). GVCV was detected in six grapevine cultivars showing vein-clearing and vine decline syndrome in Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, suggesting its wide distribution in the Midwest region of the United States. Discovery of DNA viruses in grapevines merits further studies on their epidemics and economic impact on grape production worldwide.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING OF Brevipalpus phoenicis IN CITRUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER MALDONADO JR ◽  
JOSÉ CARLOS BARBOSA ◽  
MARÍLIA GREGOLIN COSTA ◽  
PAULO CÉSAR TIBURCIO GONÇALVES ◽  
TIAGO ROBERTO DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Sequential Sampling Plan ◽  
Brevipalpus Phoenicis

ABSTRACT Among the pests of citrus, one of the most important is the red and black flat mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), which transmits the Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C).When a rational pest control plan is adopted, it is important to determine the correct timing for carrying out the control plan. Making this decision demands constant follow-up of the culture through periodic sampling where knowledge about the spatial distribution of the pest is a fundamental part to improve sampling and control decisions. The objective of this work was to study the spatial distribution pattern and build a sequential sampling plan for the pest. The data used were gathered from two blocks of Valencia sweet orange on a farm in São Paulo State, Brazil, by 40 inspectors trained for the data collection. The following aggregation indices were calculated: variance/ mean ratio, Morisita index, Green’s coefficient, and k parameter of the negative binomial distribution. The data were tested for fit with Poisson and negative binomial distributions using the chi-square goodness of fit test. The sequential sampling was developed using Wald’s Sequential Probability Ratio Test and validated through simulations. We concluded that the spatial distribution of B. phoenicis is aggregated, its behavior best fitted to the negative binomial distribution and we built and validated a sequential sampling plan for control decision-making.

Economic injury level for sequential sampling plan of Frankliniella schultzei in bell pepper crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhersyka da S. Paes ◽  
Tamíris A. de Araújo ◽  
Rodrigo S. Ramos ◽  
João Rafael S. Soares ◽  
Vitor C.R. de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Frankliniella Schultzei ◽  
Sequential Sampling Plan ◽  
Economic Injury
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