Seasonal Migration Patterns of Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Across the Bohai Strait in Northern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Xiujing Shen ◽  
Xiaowei Fu ◽  
Yunxin Huang ◽  
Jianglong Guo ◽  
Qiulin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
June July ◽  
Bohai Strait

Abstract The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is a notorious polyphagous insect pest in China and other regions of East Asia. The long-distance flight behavior of the ACB moths, however, is not well understood, especially in the field conditions. In this study, nightly monitoring data for multiple years (2003–2017) on the long-distance flight of adults crossing the Bohai Strait in northern China, showed that a large number of the adults frequently flew across the Bohai Strait from May to September with the peak migrations usually occurred, followed in order by September, June, July, and May, and the number of southward migrants was larger than that of northward migrants. From May to September in 2010, 2011, and 2017, a subsample of trapped ACB females was dissected (879 individuals in 2010, 197 individuals in 2011, and 247 individuals in 2017), and the results showed that the sex ratio of the trapped ACB moths was unbiased each month from May to September. While the proportion of mated females in northward populations (May to July = 92.85 ± 4.86%) was significantly higher than that in southward population (August and September = 74.53 ± 8.55%) . The seasonal pattern in the proportion of sexually mature females was similar to the above proportion of mated females. We conclude that the ACBs have a strong propensity and ability for long-distance migration, although local dispersal is generally considered to be the primary movement of the ACB. These findings may be helpful to improve the forecasting systems and the pest management schemes for the ACBs.

scholarly journals Aboveground Herbivory Influences Belowground Defense Responses in Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Pingault ◽  
Saumik Basu ◽  
Prince Zogli ◽  
W. Paul Williams ◽  
Nathan Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Root Physiology ◽  
Aboveground Herbivory

The European corn borer (ECB; Ostrinia nubilalis) is an economically damaging insect pest of maize (Zea mays L.), an important cereal crop widely grown globally. Among inbred lines, the maize genotype Mp708 has shown resistance to diverse herbivorous insects, although several aspects of the defense mechanisms of Mp708 plants are yet to be explored. Here, the changes in root physiology arising from short-term feeding by ECB on the shoot tissues of Mp708 plants was evaluated directly using transcriptomics, and indirectly by monitoring changes in growth of western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) larvae. Mp708 defense responses negatively impacted both ECB and WCR larval weights, providing evidence for changes in root physiology in response to ECB feeding on shoot tissues. There was a significant downregulation of genes in the root tissues following short-term ECB feeding, including genes needed for direct defense (e.g., proteinase inhibitors and chitinases). Our transcriptomic analysis also revealed specific regulation of the genes involved in hormonal and metabolite pathways in the roots of Mp708 plants subjected to ECB herbivory. These data provide support for the long-distance signaling-mediated defense in Mp708 plants and suggest that altered metabolite profiles of roots in response to ECB feeding of shoots likely negatively impacted WCR growth.

Seasonal Patterns of Protoschinia scutosa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Migration Across China’s Bohai Strait

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyuan Zhao ◽  
Xiaowei Fu ◽  
Jianglong Guo ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Kris A G Wyckhuys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Light Trapping ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Trapping Field ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trapping Number ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Bohai Strait

Abstract The spotted clover moth, Protoschinia scutosa (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important polyphagous pest that is widely distributed in the world. P. scutosa overwinters as pupae in agricultural soils in Northern China. Yet, it is unclear whether P. scutosa also engages in seasonal migration over mid- to long-range distances. In this study, we employ light trapping, field surveys, and ovarian dissection of captured adults over a 2003–2015 time period to assess P. scutosa migration in Northern China. Our work shows that P. scutosa migrates across the Bohai Strait seasonally; the mean duration of its windborne migration period was 121.6 d, and the mean trapping number was 1053.6 moths. Nightly catches of P. scutosa were significantly different between months, but the differences between years were not significant. During 2009–2011 and 2013, the monthly proportion of migrating females (65.5%) was significantly higher than that of males and showed no difference between months. In May to June, the majority of females (May: 63.0%; June: 61.1%) were mated individuals with relatively high level of ovarian development; however, in August and September, most females were unmated. The mean proportion of mated females was significantly different across months but did not differ between years. The results of long-term searchlight trapping and ovarian dissection indicate that P. scutosa exhibits a seasonal characteristic of typical population dynamics and reproductive development of migratory insects. Our work sheds light upon key facets of P. scutosa ecology and facilitates the future development of pest forecasting systems and pest management schemes.

scholarly journals Seasonal migration ofCnaphalocrocis medinalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) over the Bohai Sea in northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-W. Fu ◽  
C. Li ◽  
H.-Q. Feng ◽  
Z.-F. Liu ◽  
J.W. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Leaf Roller

AbstractThe rice leaf roller,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée), is a serious insect pest of rice with a strong migratory ability. Previous studies on the migration ofC. medinaliswere mostly carried out in tropical or subtropical regions, however, and what the pattern of seasonal movements this species exhibits in temperate regions (i.e. Northern China, where they cannot overwinter) remains unknown. Here we present data from an 11-year study of this species made by searchlight trapping on Beihuang Island (BH, 38°24′N; 120°55′E) in the centre of the Bohai Strait, which provides direct evidence thatC. medinalisregularly migrates across this sea into northeastern agricultural region of China, and to take advantage of the abundant food resources there during the summer season. There was considerable seasonal variation in number ofC. medinalistrapped on BH, and the migration period during 2003–2013 ranged from 72 to 122 days. Some females trapped in June and July showed a relatively higher proportion of mated and a degree of ovarian development suggesting that the migration of this species is not completely bound by the ‘oogenesis-flight syndrome’. These findings revealed a new route forC. medinalismovements to and from Northeastern China, which will help us develop more effective management strategies against this pest.

scholarly journals IsHeliothis viriplaca(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) a long-distance migrant?

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-Y. Zhao ◽  
X.-W. Fu ◽  
A. Ali ◽  
K. Wilson ◽  
K.-M. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractHeliothis viriplaca(Hüfnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important polyphagous pest of beans, cotton, maize, and alfalfa worldwide.H. viriplacais a long-distance migrant, and if so, what pattern of seasonal migration this species exhibits in northern China remains unknown. In this study, in order to determine the seasonal migration ofH. viriplacain northern China, the combination of searchlight trapping and ovarian dissection was carried out on an isolated small island in the center of the Bohai Strait during 2003–2014. The results confirmed thatH. viriplacaundertakes long-distance migration on the prevailing winds of the East Asian monsoon airflows. This species exhibited a regular pattern of seasonal migration across the sea from May to October, but there was considerable yearly and monthly variation in the trapped numbers, with the majority being trapped in summer (67.99 ± 6.54%). The mean period when migration was detectable at the island was 116.5 ± 5.6 days from 2003 to 2014, with the shortest time span of 74 days in 2013 and the longest of 144 days in 2005. Trapped females in May and June showed a relatively higher mating rates and some degree of ovarian development when compared with July, August and September, suggesting the migration of this species is not completely bound by the ‘oogenesis-flight syndrome’. These findings will be helpful to improve the forecasting system and managing strategies ofH. viriplaca.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF Bacillus thuringiensis TOXIN Cry1A.105 AND Cry2Ab2 ON THE SURVIVAL OF THE NON-TARGET PEST, Spodoptera litura (PENGARUH TOKSIN Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 DAN Cry2Ab2 TERHADAP KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP HAMA BUKAN SASARAN, Spodoptera litura)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Kurnia Pratiwi ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono ◽  
Edhi Martono
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTSpodoptera litura is one of the important insect pest of maize besides the notoriously damaging corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis. S. litura has been the target of various controls including the use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2. This study was conducted to evaluate the acute effect of Bt toxin Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 on the growth and development of S. litura from larval to adult stages. Two sublethal concentrations were used; 0.1875 and 0.0469 ppm for Cry1A.105, and 0.0008 and 0.0003 ppm for Cry2Ab2. The bioassay using diet dipping was carried out on a CRD with three experiments and five repetitions. The observation was carried out on the mortality and survival rates of S. litura. The mortality reached 28% when the larvae were treated with 0.1875 ppm and 20% with 0.0469 ppm of Cry 1A.105. The exposed larvae and pupae were smaller than control. Larval and pupal weight were 117.0 and 165.6 g with 0.1875 ppm, while control were 212.9 and 211.2 g. Cry1A.105 also longer the larval stage, larval stage with higher and lower concentration were 24.5 and 22.3 day, while control was 20.5 day. The resulted pupae from larve which exposed by Cry1A.105 were less than control; there were 40% at concentration 0.1875 ppm and control 61%. The two concentration of Cry2Ab2 produced similar mortality of 20%. Similarly, Cry2Ab2 affected pupal to adult stages development. The longevity of pupal stage with concentration 0.0003 ppm was 9.5 days, followed by 0.0008 ppm (9.1 days) and control (10.1 days). The adult emerge on the highest concentration was 47.4% while control only 34.6%. There results showed that both Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 were detrimental to the survival of S. litura which is the non-target insect of transgenic Bt maize.Keywords: Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, maize, non-target pest, Spodoptera litura, survival INTISARISpodoptera litura merupakan salah satu hama penting yang menyerang tanaman jagung, selain Ostrinia furnacalis. Belakangan ini O. furnacalis diketahui telah menjadi target dari berbagai macam cara pengendalian termasuk penggunaan toksin Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1A.105 dan Cry2Ab2. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek akut toksin Bt Cry1A.105 dan Cry2Ab2 terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan S. litura dari larva sampai imago. Dua konsentrasi subletal yang akan digunakan adalah; 0,1875 dan 0,0469 ppm untuk Cry1A.105, dan 0,0008 dan 0,0003 ppm untuk Cry2Ab2. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode celup pakan dan Rancangan Acak Legkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap mortalitas dan kelangsungan hidup S. litura. Mortalitas mencapai 28% pada larva yang dipaparkan dengan 0,1875 ppm dan 20% dengan 0,0469 ppm Cry 1A.105. Larva dan pupa yang terkena toksin berukuran lebih kecil. Berat larva dan pupa yang terpapar toksin dengan konsentrasi 0,1875 ppm, masing – masing 117,0 dan 165,6 g, sedangkan kontrol masing – masing 212,9 dan 211,2 g. Cry1A.105 juga dapat memperpanjang stadia larva. Lama stadia larva dengan konsentrasi tertinggi dan terendah adalah 24,5 dan 22,3 hari, sedangkan kontrol 20,5 hari. Jumlah pupa yang berhasil terbentuk dari larva yang terpapar toxin Cry1A.105 lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan kontrol; pada konsentrasi 0,1875 ppm sebesar 40%, sedangkan kontrol sebesar 61%. Kedua konsentrasi dari toksin Bt Cry2Ab2 menyebabkan mortalitas yang sama yaitu 20%. Cry2Ab2 juga berpengaruh terhadap lama stadia pupa dan tingkat keberhasilan pembentukan imago. Lama stadia pupa dengan konsentrasi 0,0003 ppm adalah 9,5 hari, diikuti dengan konsentrasi 0,0008 ppm (9,1 hari) dan kontrol (10,1 hari). Jumlah imago terbanyak terdapat pada perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 0,0008 ppm sebesar 47,4% sedangkan pada kontrol hanya 34,6%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa toksin Bt Cry1A. 105 dan Cry2Ab2 juga berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup S. litura yang merupakan serangga bukan sasaran dari tanaman jagung transgenik Bt.Kata kunci: Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, hama bukan sasaran, jagung, kelangsungan hidup, Spodoptera litura

Laboratory evaluation of flight ability of the Oriental corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Flight Duration ◽  
Flight Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

AbstractFlight ability of Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée was evaluated using a flight-mill in laboratory. Females flew most actively at 20–23°C, whereas the majority of the moths tested did not fly at 14–17°C. Temperature above 26°C inhibited their flight activity and survival. The age-specific flight ability of unmated males and females was similar from one to 12 days after emergence; it was highest at one day and then declined gradually. Females showed a pre-oviposition period of three to four days after emergence during which they were capable of longer continuous flight. There was no significant difference between the unmated and mated females in any aspect of flight ability at four days (commencement of oviposition) or at eight days old (peak of oviposition). In males, the flight ability of mated adults was reduced compared with that of unmated adults at both four and eight days old. Increased flight experience did not delay oviposition by mated females, but significantly reduced egg production. There was a significant negative correlation between flight duration and subsequent egg production. Ostrinia furnacalis is concluded to be an active flier that is able to male long-distance flights, because both mated and unmated adults displayed high flight ability for several days after emergence.

Seasonal Migration of Pantala flavescens Across the Bohai Strait in Northern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-zhen Cao ◽  
Xiao-wei Fu ◽  
Chao-xing Hu ◽  
Kong-ming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Pantala Flavescens ◽  
Bohai Strait

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Possible Migration Routes of Oedaleus decorus asiaticus Bey-Bienko (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Mongolia to China

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Yunping Wang ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Guilin Du ◽  
Gao Hu ◽  
Yunhui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Forced Landing ◽  
Migration Mechanism ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Main Factor

Oedaleus decorus asiaticus (Bey-Bienko) is a destructive pest in grasslands and adjacent farmland in northern China, Mongolia, and other countries in Asia. It has been supposed that this insect pest can migrate a long distance and then induce huge damages, however, the migration mechanism is still unrevealed. The current study uses insect light trap data from Yanqing (Beijing), together with regional meteorological data to determine how air flow contributes to the long-distance migration of O. decorus asiaticus. Our results indicate that sinking airflow is the main factor leading to the insects’ forced landing, and the prevailing northwest wind was associated with O. decorus asiaticus taking off in the northwest and moving southward with the airflow from July to September. Meanwhile, the insects have a strong migratory ability, flying along the airflow for several nights. Thus, when the airflow from the northwest met the northward-moving warm current from the southwest, a large number of insects were dropped due to sinking airflow, resulting in a large outbreak. Our simulations suggest that the source of the grasshoppers involved in these outbreaks during early 2000s in northern China probably is in Mongolia, and all evidence indicates that there are two important immigrant routes for O. decorus asiaticus migration from Mongolia to Beijing. These findings improves our understanding of the factors guiding O. decorus asiaticus migration, providing valuable information to reduce outbreaks in China that have origins from outside the country.

scholarly journals Cadherin Protein Is Involved in the Action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac Toxin in Ostrinia furnacalis

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Wenzhong Jin ◽  
Yuqian Zhai ◽  
Yihua Yang ◽  
Yidong Wu ◽  
Xingliang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Cry1ac Toxin ◽  
Mortality Effect ◽  
Level Resistance

Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins have been extensively planted for insect pest control, but the evolution of Bt resistance in target pests threatens the sustainability of this approach. Mutations of cadherin in the midgut brush border membrane was associated with Cry1Ac resistance in several lepidoptera species, including the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, a major pest of maize in Asian–Western Pacific countries. However, the causality of O. furnacalis cadherin (OfCad) with Cry1Ac resistance remains to be clarified. In this study, in vitro and in vivo approaches were employed to examine the involvement of OfCad in mediating Cry1Ac toxicity. Sf9 cells transfected with OfCad showed significant immunofluorescent binding with Cry1Ac toxin and exhibited a concentration-dependent mortality effect when exposed to Cry1Ac. The OfCad knockout strain OfCad-KO, bearing homozygous 15.4 kb deletion of the OfCad gene generated by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis, exhibited moderate-level resistance to Cry1Ac (14-fold) and low-level resistance to Cry1Aa (4.6-fold), but no significant changes in susceptibility to Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa, compared with the original NJ-S strain. The Cry1Ac resistance phenotype was inherited as autosomal, recessive mode, and significantly linked with the OfCad knockout in the OfCad-KO strain. These results demonstrate that the OfCad protein is a functional receptor for Cry1Ac, and disruption of OfCad confers a moderate Cry1Ac resistance in O. furnacalis. This study provides new insights into the mode of action of the Cry1Ac toxin and useful information for designing resistance monitoring and management strategies for O. furnacalis.

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