scholarly journals Seasonal migration ofCnaphalocrocis medinalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) over the Bohai Sea in northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-W. Fu ◽  
C. Li ◽  
H.-Q. Feng ◽  
Z.-F. Liu ◽  
J.W. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Leaf Roller

AbstractThe rice leaf roller,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée), is a serious insect pest of rice with a strong migratory ability. Previous studies on the migration ofC. medinaliswere mostly carried out in tropical or subtropical regions, however, and what the pattern of seasonal movements this species exhibits in temperate regions (i.e. Northern China, where they cannot overwinter) remains unknown. Here we present data from an 11-year study of this species made by searchlight trapping on Beihuang Island (BH, 38°24′N; 120°55′E) in the centre of the Bohai Strait, which provides direct evidence thatC. medinalisregularly migrates across this sea into northeastern agricultural region of China, and to take advantage of the abundant food resources there during the summer season. There was considerable seasonal variation in number ofC. medinalistrapped on BH, and the migration period during 2003–2013 ranged from 72 to 122 days. Some females trapped in June and July showed a relatively higher proportion of mated and a degree of ovarian development suggesting that the migration of this species is not completely bound by the ‘oogenesis-flight syndrome’. These findings revealed a new route forC. medinalismovements to and from Northeastern China, which will help us develop more effective management strategies against this pest.

Seasonal Migration Patterns of Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Across the Bohai Strait in Northern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Xiujing Shen ◽  
Xiaowei Fu ◽  
Yunxin Huang ◽  
Jianglong Guo ◽  
Qiulin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
June July ◽  
Bohai Strait

Abstract The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is a notorious polyphagous insect pest in China and other regions of East Asia. The long-distance flight behavior of the ACB moths, however, is not well understood, especially in the field conditions. In this study, nightly monitoring data for multiple years (2003–2017) on the long-distance flight of adults crossing the Bohai Strait in northern China, showed that a large number of the adults frequently flew across the Bohai Strait from May to September with the peak migrations usually occurred, followed in order by September, June, July, and May, and the number of southward migrants was larger than that of northward migrants. From May to September in 2010, 2011, and 2017, a subsample of trapped ACB females was dissected (879 individuals in 2010, 197 individuals in 2011, and 247 individuals in 2017), and the results showed that the sex ratio of the trapped ACB moths was unbiased each month from May to September. While the proportion of mated females in northward populations (May to July = 92.85 ± 4.86%) was significantly higher than that in southward population (August and September = 74.53 ± 8.55%) . The seasonal pattern in the proportion of sexually mature females was similar to the above proportion of mated females. We conclude that the ACBs have a strong propensity and ability for long-distance migration, although local dispersal is generally considered to be the primary movement of the ACB. These findings may be helpful to improve the forecasting systems and the pest management schemes for the ACBs.

Seasonal Migration of Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae) Over the Bohai Sea in Northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 1399-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Fu ◽  
Yongqiang Liu ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Yanhui Lu ◽  
Yunhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
The Bohai Sea ◽  
Apolygus Lucorum

Seasonal Migration Pattern of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) Over the Bohai Sea in Northern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 2129-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoxing Hu ◽  
Jianglong Guo ◽  
Xiaowei Fu ◽  
Yunxin Huang ◽  
Xiwu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
The Bohai Sea

scholarly journals IsHeliothis viriplaca(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) a long-distance migrant?

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-Y. Zhao ◽  
X.-W. Fu ◽  
A. Ali ◽  
K. Wilson ◽  
K.-M. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractHeliothis viriplaca(Hüfnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important polyphagous pest of beans, cotton, maize, and alfalfa worldwide.H. viriplacais a long-distance migrant, and if so, what pattern of seasonal migration this species exhibits in northern China remains unknown. In this study, in order to determine the seasonal migration ofH. viriplacain northern China, the combination of searchlight trapping and ovarian dissection was carried out on an isolated small island in the center of the Bohai Strait during 2003–2014. The results confirmed thatH. viriplacaundertakes long-distance migration on the prevailing winds of the East Asian monsoon airflows. This species exhibited a regular pattern of seasonal migration across the sea from May to October, but there was considerable yearly and monthly variation in the trapped numbers, with the majority being trapped in summer (67.99 ± 6.54%). The mean period when migration was detectable at the island was 116.5 ± 5.6 days from 2003 to 2014, with the shortest time span of 74 days in 2013 and the longest of 144 days in 2005. Trapped females in May and June showed a relatively higher mating rates and some degree of ovarian development when compared with July, August and September, suggesting the migration of this species is not completely bound by the ‘oogenesis-flight syndrome’. These findings will be helpful to improve the forecasting system and managing strategies ofH. viriplaca.

Seasonal Migration of Ctenoplusia agnata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Over the Bohai Sea in Northern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Xiaowei Fu ◽  
Hongqiang Feng ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Chuanren Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
The Bohai Sea ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Studies on Biology and Morphometrics of Etiella zinckenella (Lepidoptera) on Lentil under Laboratory Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Gulshan Kumar ◽  
Surender Singh Yadav ◽  
Manisha . ◽  
Sindhu .
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Total Life

Background: Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke), an important and destructive pest of lentils and peas owing to its feeding habit. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the biology and morphometrics of Etiella zinckenella (lepidoptera) on lentil under laboratory conditions. Study Design: Laboratory experiment carried out on biological parameters of Etiella zinckenella in the department of Entomology, CCSHAU and Hisar. Results: Study revealed that a single female could lay 46-65eggs (average 56.3 eggs) preferably singly on pods, flowers, calyx and leaves of lentil. Incubation period of the eggs varied from 5.18 to 5.38 days (average 5.24 days). After egg hatching, larvae passed through 5 larval instars. Total larval and pupal period was observed on an average 16.9 and 13.38 days, respectively. Adult longevity of male and female was found on an average 4.1 and 5.6 days respectively. Etiella zinckenella completed its total life cycle in 37-45 days.  Conclusion: Biology of an insect pest is a condition precedent to find out its management strategies. Hence, observation on nature and behaviour of each developmental stage of this pest can be further utilised in the effective management at its damaging stage under field conditions.

Chemosensory genes in the head of Spodoptera litura larvae

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu Li ◽  
Ji-Wei Xu ◽  
Wei-Chen Yao ◽  
Hui-Hui Yang ◽  
Youssef Dewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Chemosensory System ◽  
Chemosensory Genes

Abstract The tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest with a highly selective and sensitive chemosensory system involved in complex physiological behaviors such as searching for food sources, feeding, courtship, and oviposition. However, effective management strategies for controlling the insect pest populations under threshold levels are lacking. Therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate eco-friendly pest control strategies based on the disruption of the insect chemosensory system. In this study, we identified 158 putative chemosensory genes based on transcriptomic and genomic data for S. litura, including 45 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs, nine were new), 23 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 60 odorant receptors (ORs, three were new), and 30 gustatory receptors (GRs, three were new), a number higher than those reported by previous transcriptome studies. Subsequently, we constructed phylogenetic trees based on these genes in moths and analyzed the dynamic expression of various genes in head capsules across larval instars using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nine genes–SlitOBP8, SlitOBP9, SlitOBP25, SlitCSP1, SlitCSP7, SlitCSP18, SlitOR34, SlitGR240, and SlitGR242–were highly expressed in the heads of 3- to 5-day-old S. litura larvae. The genes differentially expressed in olfactory organs during larval development might play crucial roles in the chemosensory system of S. litura larvae. Our findings substantially expand the gene inventory for S. litura and present potential target genes for further studies on larval feeding in S. litura.

scholarly journals Facultative and obligate diapause phenotypes in populations of the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schebeck ◽  
Nina Dobart ◽  
Gregory J. Ragland ◽  
Axel Schopf ◽  
Christian Stauffer
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Egg Number

AbstractThe bark beetle Ips typographus is the most destructive insect pest in Norway spruce-dominated forests. Its potential to establish multiple generations per year (multivoltinism) is one major trait that makes this beetle a severe pest. Ips typographus enters diapause to adjust its life cycle to seasonally changing environments. Diapause is characterized by developmental and reproductive arrest; it prolongs generation time and thus affects voltinism. In I. typographus a facultative, photoperiod-regulated diapause in the adult stage has been described. In addition, the presence of an obligate, photoperiod-independent, diapause has been hypothesized. The diapause phenotype has important implications for I. typographus voltinism, as populations with obligate diapausing individuals would be univoltine. To test for the presence of different I. typographus diapause phenotypes, we exposed Central and Northern European individuals to a set of photoperiodic treatments. We used two ovarian traits (egg number and vitellarium size) that are associated with gonad development, to infer reproductive arrest and thus diapause. We found a distinct effect of photoperiod on ovarian development, with variable responses in Central and Northern European beetles. We observed obligate diapausing (independent of photoperiod) individuals in Northern Europe, and both facultative (photoperiod-regulated) as well as obligate diapausing individuals in Central Europe. Our results show within-species variation for diapause induction, an adaptation to match life cycles with seasonally fluctuating environmental conditions. As the diapause phenotype affects the potential number of generations per season, our data are the basis for assessing the risk of outbreaks of this destructive bark beetle.

scholarly journals Survival and Inoculum Production of Gibberella zeae in Wheat Residue

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 724-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Pereyra ◽  
R. Dill-Macky ◽  
A. L. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Inoculum Production ◽  
Mesh Bags

Survival and inoculum production of Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (anamorph Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe)), the causal agent of Fusarium head blight of wheat and barley, was related to the rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue decomposition. Infested wheat residue, comprising intact nodes, internodes, and leaf sheaths, was placed in fiberglass mesh bags on the soil surface and at 7.5- to 10-cm and 15- to 20-cm depths in chisel-plowed plots and 15 to 20 cm deep in moldboard-plowed plots in October 1997. Residue was sampled monthly from April through November during 1998 and every 2 months through April to October 1999. Buried residue decomposed faster than residue placed on the soil surface. Less than 2% of the dry-matter residue remained in buried treatments after 24 months in the field, while 25% of the residue remained in the soil-surface treatment. Survival of G. zeae on node tissues was inversely related to the residue decomposition rate. Surface residue provided a substrate for G. zeae for a longer period of time than buried residue. Twenty-four months after the initiation of the trial, the level of colonization of nodes in buried residue was half the level of colonization of residue on the soil surface. Colonization of node tissues by G. zeae decreased over time, but increased for other Fusarium spp. Ascospores of G. zeae were still produced on residue pieces after 23 months, and these spores were capable of inducing disease. Data from this research may assist in developing effective management strategies for residues infested with G. zeae.

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