scholarly journals Organising Competition for the Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Iossa ◽  
Patrick Rey ◽  
Michael Waterson
Keyword(s):  
Market Design ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Discount Factors ◽  
Information Advantage

Abstract We study competition for the market in a setting where incumbents (and, to a lesser extent, neighbouring incumbents) benefit from a cost or information advantage. We first compare the outcome of staggered and synchronous tenders, before drawing the implications for market design. We find the timing of tenders interrelates with the likelihood of monopolisation. For high incumbency advantages and/or discount factors monopolisation is expected, in which case synchronous tendering is preferable as it strengthens the pressure that entrants exercise on the monopolist. For low incumbency advantages and/or discount factors other firms remain active, in which case staggered tendering is preferable as it maximises competitive pressure coming from the other firms. We use bus tendering in London to illustrate our insights and draw policy implications.

FEERs and the ERM∗

1991 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equilibrium Exchange ◽  
The Right

A number of economists, including the author, were critical of the central rate that was chosen when sterling entered the ERM in October 1990, on the ground that it overvalued the pound. Specifically, the central rate against the other ERM currencies implied a higher value for the pound than that yielded by calculations of ‘fundamental equilibrium exchange rates’ (FEERs).The present paper aims to explain the concept of the FEER, introduced by the author in Williamson (1983), and argues that it provides the right criterion for assessing whether a currency is correctly valued. It also sketches the evidence for believing the pound's ERM central rate to be above the FEER. A final section considers the policy implications of the finding that sterling is overvalued.

scholarly journals Multi-Issue Negotiation with Deadlines

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 381-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Fatima ◽  
M. J. Wooldridge ◽  
N. R. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sequential Procedure ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Information Uncertainty ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Discount Factors ◽  
Simultaneous Procedure ◽  
Unique Outcome ◽  
Better Than

This paper studies bilateral multi-issue negotiation between self-interested autonomous agents. Now, there are a number of different procedures that can be used for this process; the three main ones being the package deal procedure in which all the issues are bundled and discussed together, the simultaneous procedure in which the issues are discussed simultaneously but independently of each other, and the sequential procedure in which the issues are discussed one after another. Since each of them yields a different outcome, a key problem is to decide which one to use in which circumstances. Specifically, we consider this question for a model in which the agents have time constraints (in the form of both deadlines and discount factors) and information uncertainty (in that the agents do not know the opponent's utility function). For this model, we consider issues that are both independent and those that are interdependent and determine equilibria for each case for each procedure. In so doing, we show that the package deal is in fact the optimal procedure for each party. We then go on to show that, although the package deal may be computationally more complex than the other two procedures, it generates Pareto optimal outcomes (unlike the other two), it has similar earliest and latest possible times of agreement to the simultaneous procedure (which is better than the sequential procedure), and that it (like the other two procedures) generates a unique outcome only under certain conditions (which we define).

The Perks and Perils of Interdisciplinary Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. S55-S67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Leahey
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Extra Time ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Challenges

This paper synthesizes findings from two studies the author conducted that examine how engagement in interdisciplinary research (IDR) influences scholars’ careers. Results from these two studies, one large-scale and quantitative and the other small-scale and qualitative, provide a much needed empirical assessment of IDR’s effects on individual careers. In essence, they provide a nice antidote (and some caution) to the rhetoric and enthusiasm surrounding IDR. My co-authors of these studies and I find that engaging in interdisciplinary research increases a scholar’s visibility in terms of citations, but also presents challenges, including reduced productivity, cognitive challenges, lack of support, extra time and commitment, and framing of one’s work. This paper concludes by discussing the policy implications of this research.

The decoupling states of CO2 emissions in the Chinese transport sector from 1994 to 2012: A perspective on fuel types

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayong Wu ◽  
Changwei Yuan ◽  
Hongchao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

This paper analyzes the decoupling states between CO2 emissions and transport development in China from 1994 to 2012. The results indicate that, at the aggregate level, the Chinese transport sector is far from reaching the decoupling state. Negative decoupling or non-decoupling years account for 72.2% of the study period. At the disaggregated level, the decoupling states between CO2 emissions and eight primary fuels are as follows: raw coal and coke are in the absolute decoupling state; crude oil, gasoline and diesel are in the weak negative state; and the other three types (kerosene, heavy fuel oil, and natural gas) are in the strong negative decoupling state. Policy implications underneath the identified decoupling states are also revealed to help China build a more sustainable transportation system.

scholarly journals Questioning rationality: the case for risk consumption

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Clímaco ◽  
Luís Moura Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rational Addiction ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Standard Assumption ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The One ◽  
Theory Framework

The standard assumption of rational, forward looking behavior has been heavily questioned given the impossibility of understanding some risk consumption behaviors within such a framework. The Becker and Murphy theory of rational addiction made a start on this debate fostering new refinements within the original rational theory framework as well as promising approaches based on the latest developments of cognitive science.This paper makes an overview confronting two main approaches highlighting their different time preferences assumptions. On the one hand the debate assumes rationality even in extreme situations of risk consumption - addictive behavior. On the other, new developments in the explanation of habits and addictive behaviours take an economic-psychological approach into consideration and have substantially different policy implications.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-208
Author(s):  
André Lecours
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nationalist Movements ◽  
National Community ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Continuous Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research And Policy

The last chapter looks at the research and policy implications of the theory of secessionism sketched in this book. The chapter argues that nationalist movements will continue to be enduring components of some liberal-democratic states. Hence, states should consider these movements as democratic actors whose claims require continuous responses rather than as troublemakers bringing problems that should be solved once and for all. The chapter also comes back to the cases examined in the book in order to analyse the impact of the state’s approach to autonomy for the internal national community and for the multinational country as a whole, and to discuss the potential consequences of the implementation of one or the other form of autonomy for unity.

Policy Implications

2019 ◽  
pp. 271-294
Author(s):  
Vera Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Armed Group ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Foreign Government ◽  
Foreign Actor ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
The Right

Although today’s civil conflicts are very different from those of previous generations, it is not a foregone conclusion that today’s Western-affiliated rebel groups will suffer defeat. While with any new conflict the task becomes more and more difficult, it is still possible to outcompete other groups in the rebel bloc, at least right now. On the other hand, it is hard to imagine a victory of a Western-oriented, startup armed group without significant outside support, because they lack experience and resources. At the same time, international actors with a different agenda also don’t want to miss a chance to use their money, experience, and knowledge to increase their sphere of influence through proxy groups in war-torn countries. That, in sum, makes this generation’s civil wars a highly competitive market for outside supporters. I this chapter the author discusses how this knowledge can be used to terminate a conflict more quickly by making foreign government intervention more effective—in particular, how a foreign actor could (1) choose a group in the rebel bloc to support; (2) persuade the group to accept support; and (3) provide the proper help at the right time in order to empower one group at the expense of others within the rebel camp.

From Adoption to Routinization of B2B e-Commerce

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Oliveira ◽  
Gurpreet Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Technology Integration ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Education Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Toe Framework ◽  
Partner Collaboration

The authors present an in depth understanding of B2B e-commerce adoption and routinization across Europe. The research was informed by the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework. A sample of 7,172 firms across Europe was used. A seven factor model is presented that includes technology readiness, technology integration, firm size, obstacles, education level, competitive pressure, and trading partner collaboration, which inform B2B adoption and routinization. Based on adoption and routinization, clusters of European countries, are identified and factors presented that ensure movement from one cluster to the other.

Bicycle Sharing and Public Transit

2015 ◽  
Vol 2534 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Ma ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Sevgi Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Bicycle-sharing programs have emerged around the world. Theoretically, the effect of bicycle sharing on more conventional transit modes can take a substitute or complementary form. On one hand, bicycle sharing could substitute for conventional transit as a convenient and sustainable travel option. On the other hand, bicycle sharing may complement such transit by seamlessly connecting transit stations with origins and destinations and thus increase accessibility. However, the questions of how and to what extent bicycle-sharing programs affect public transit ridership remain to be answered, despite the attempts of a few empirical and quantitative studies. This study examined the impact of the Capital Bikeshare (CaBi) program on Metrorail's ridership in Washington, D.C. When CaBi trips were mapped, it was observed that Metrorail stations had been important origins and destinations for CaBi trips. Six of seven CaBi stations producing more than 500 trips were located close to Metrorail stations. This study conducted a regression analysis and found that public transit rider-ship was positively associated with CaBi ridership at the station level. A 10% increase in annual CaBi ridership contributed to a 2.8% increase in average daily Metrorail ridership. On the basis of these results, policy implications and recommendations are discussed.

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