scholarly journals Activity patterns and torpor in two free-ranging carnivorous marsupials in arid Australia in relation to precipitation, reproduction, and ground cover

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1555-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Körtner ◽  
Alexander Riek ◽  
Chris R. Pavey ◽  
Fritz Geiser
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Daily Activity Patterns and Co-Occurrence of Duikers Revealed by an Intensive Camera Trap Survey across Central African Rainforests

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2200
Author(s):  
Fructueux G. A. Houngbégnon ◽  
Daniel Cornelis ◽  
Cédric Vermeulen ◽  
Bonaventure Sonké ◽  
Stephan Ntie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
The Other ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
First Time ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns ◽  
Temporal Overlap

The duiker community in Central African rainforests includes a diversity of species that can coexist in the same area. The study of their activity patterns is needed to better understand habitat use or association between the species. Using camera traps, we studied the temporal activity patterns, and quantified for the first time the temporal overlap and spatial co-occurrence between species. Our results show that: (i) Two species are strongly diurnal: Cephalophus leucogaster, and Philantomba congica, (ii) two species are mostly diurnal: C.callipygus and C. nigrifrons, (iii) one species is strongly nocturnal: C.castaneus, (iv) and one species is mostly nocturnal: C.silvicultor. Analyses of temporal activities (for five species) identified four species pairs that highly overlapped (Δ^≥ 0.80), and six pairs that weakly overlapped (Δ^ between 0.06 and 0.35). Finally, co-occurrence tests reveal a truly random co-occurrence (plt > 0.05 and pgt > 0.05) for six species pairs, and a positive co-occurrence (pgt < 0.05) for four pairs. Positive co-occurrences are particularly noted for pairs formed by C.callipygus with the other species (except C. nigrifrons). These results are essential for a better understanding of the coexistence of duikers and the ecology of poorly known species (C. leucogaster and C. nigrifrons), and provide clarification on the activity patterns of C. silvicultor which was subject to controversy. Camera traps proved then to be a powerful tool for studying the activity patterns of free-ranging duiker populations.

Relationship between daily body temperature and activity patterns of free-ranging feral cats in Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Hilmer ◽  
Dave Algar ◽  
Martin Plath ◽  
Elke Schleucher
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Free Ranging

The effects of lactation on the feeding behaviour and activity patterns of free-ranging female koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus Goldfuss)

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Logan ◽  
G. D. Sanson
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Active Time ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Time Spent Feeding ◽  
Free Ranging

The free-ranging feeding behaviour and activity patterns of three lactating and two non-lactating female koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) were investigated using acoustically sensitive radio-telemetry. Lactating females were found to consume more leaf material, masticate more per leaf and at a greater rate, and perform more ingestive and mercyism mastications per 24 h than non-lactating females. Results suggest than female koalas are 'income breeders' that compensate for the higher energetic demands of lactation by increasing intake and, to a lesser degree, investing more in each mouthful so as to produce a shift in digesta particle size distribution in favour of more finer particles. Compared with non-lactating females, lactating female koalas were also found to spend more time moving within trees, feeding per 24 h and per bout, and less time resting and sleeping per 24 h, although the proportion of active time spent feeding was similar (~80%). This implies that female koalas adopt a 'time minimizing strategy whereby activity budgets respond to current requirements. Lactation-compensation mechanisms are compared with those reported for koalas with high tooth wear, and the capacity of aging female koalas to compensate for lactation are discussed.

Daily responses of mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon ×Ovis sp.) activity to summer climatic conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 765-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bourgoin ◽  
M. Garel ◽  
P. Blanchard ◽  
D. Dubray ◽  
D. Maillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Activity Peak ◽  
Daily Scale ◽  
Nocturnal Increase ◽  
Free Ranging

Investigating the factors shaping the activity of large herbivores is of prime importance because changes in their activity patterns may indicate physiological stress, which can affect reproduction and survival of individuals, and thereby population growth. Although climatic conditions are known to impact the activity patterns of large herbivores, few studies have investigated this relationship at a fine temporal scale. From a continuous monitoring of activity, we assessed the influence of temperature and wind on the summer activity of female mouflon ( Ovis gmelini musimon Pallas, 1811 × Ovis  sp.) facing summer droughts. Females showed a marked bimodal activity pattern, with activity peaks occurring after dawn and before dusk. When temperature increased and wind speed decreased, the morning activity peak occurred earlier, while the evening activity peak was delayed. Hence, under stressing climatic conditions, female mouflon decreased their diurnal activity while increasing their nocturnal activity. However, this nocturnal increase did not prevent the activity rate over 24 h to decrease during hot nonwindy days compared with cool windy days. Although the occurrence of wind mitigated the negative influence of heat on the diurnal activity, wind had no effect at the daily scale. These findings emphasize the importance of working at different temporal scales when assessing the activity patterns of free-ranging vertebrates.

Timing and synchrony of activity in caribou

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1999-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie AK Maier ◽  
Robert G White
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Alaska Range ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Free Ranging

Activity data were analyzed to assess activity patterns of caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti). We hypothesized that equal day and night activity, termed nychthemeral activity, would be expected if food constitutes a limiting resource for a highly gregarious species. To test this hypothesis, we investigated activity patterns of two caribou populations at the same latitude: one captive with no food limitation and the other wild and free-ranging in the Alaska Range in interior Alaska known to be at the end of a 3-year low plane of nutrition. For captive caribou, activity patterns were determined from focal-animal behavioural observations each month except May. Data were collected on wild caribou using activity-recording radio collars in each of three seasons: late winter, postcalving, and midsummer. Wild and captive caribou exhibited nychthemeral activity and did not time activity to sunrise or sunset. Wild caribou exhibited no among-group synchrony. Within-group synchrony was high in both herds. Wild caribou exhibited significantly fewer cycles of activity than captive caribou. Longer resting bouts in late winter, and longer active bouts postcalving and in midsummer for wild caribou, were interpreted as behavioural responses to ecological effects of limited food availability, with and without snow, and disturbance by insects.

scholarly journals Temporal activity of rural free-ranging dogs: implications for the predator and prey species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Douglas Carvalho ◽  
Luís Miguel Rosalino ◽  
Maíra Sant’Ana M. Godoy ◽  
Marília F. Giorgete ◽  
Cristina Harumi Adania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Large Predators ◽  
Free Ranging

Domestic or free-ranging dogs (Canislupusfamiliaris) can have deleterious effects on wildlife, acting as predators or competitors to native species. These impacts can be highly important in fragmented pristine habitats or well-preserved areas located in human dominated landscapes and where biodiversity values are usually high, such as those in southeastern Brazil. Here we explored the level of overlap or mismatch in the distributions of activity patterns of rural free-ranging dogs and potential wild prey (Didelphisaurita, Cuniculuspaca; Sylvilagusbrasiliensis) and a wild predator (Leoparduspardalis) in areas of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. We further explored the possible influence of the wild predator on the dog presence pattern detected in the territory analyzed. Our camera-trap data (714 camera-trap days) showed that while rural free-ranging dogs display a cathemeral activity pattern, with activity peaks at dusk and dawn, ocelot and prey species are mainly nocturnal. Moreover, we found no evidence of an effect of ocelot presence, the distance to human houses and the presence of native forests on site occupancy by dogs. The ocelot activity patterns in this study were similar to those already reported in previous studies. On the other hand, previous studies have indicated that that free-ranging dogs are often reported to be more diurnal, and it seems that the rural free-ranging dogs in our study area may have adjusted their behaviour to be more active at dawn and dusk periods. This might be to both maintain some overlap with potential prey, e.g. Sylvilagusbrasiliensis, and also to avoid ocelots by being less active in periods when this predator is more active (which also coincides with peaks in activity for potential prey species). We hypothesize that the presence of ocelots might be influencing the temporal niche dimension of rural free-ranging dogs. As a sustainable management strategy, we propose conserving territories to promote the presence of medium to large predators in natural areas, in order to control free-ranging dogs and protect their vertebrate prey species.

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